EPA is defined as the use of physical energy for the treatment of pathological conditions such as pain, swelling, inflammation and limitation in range of motion (ROM). The physical energies that are commonly used in physical therapy practice include thermal, electrical, light and mechanical energy. There are two important concepts in this definition of EBM: (1) evidence; and (2) making decisions. The evidence for the various EPA modalities in the treatment of patients with common disorders such as pain, muscle weakness, healing of fractures, and problems associated with hemiplegia are presented. In addition, the clinical reasoning process within a pathoanatomical and psychosocial patient management model is discussed.
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