A new physical activity (PA) estimation method was developed to compute daily exercise expenditure. Position and Intensity method (PI method) estimates energy expenditure of a physical activity based on the position, perceived intensity and duration. Validity of the PI method measurement of daily activities (PIPA) was examined in college students.
The PI method was performed on 22 males (aged 20-33 years) and 20 females (aged 20-25 years) who were co-medical college students aged 20-33 years. It took place on 3 days (weekends and one weekday) and after the measurement the subjects' levels were compared with those of the conventional method (C-method; one to one energy coefficient method).
A coefficient of correlation between PIPA and conventional PA (CPA) was examined. The analysis revealed the difference in the average of PA of the exercise physiological ability (HR/BP/VO₂max) in the men and women.
The coefficient of correlation was shown to be 0.845 〜 0.931 and a significant correlation could be seen (p<0.01). The coefficients of correlation were 0.796 〜 0.927 and 0.693 〜 0.925 in males and femals, respectively, both showing a significant difference (p<0.01). PIPA significantly correlated (p<0.01) with CPA and the validity was admitted.

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The present study examined the relation between exercise performance and healthy life span in order to elucidate factors for the deterioration of ADL. An exercise performance test was administered to 323 elderly adults (113 males and 210 females, aged 60 to 89) in Kasari Town of Amami island as the basic study. The test consisted of measurement of grip strength, one-leg standing, sit-reach test, and 10 m maximum walking speed. The results were applied to predict the relationship between exercise performance and the risk of dependence in the following three years.
The results indicated that exercise performance exhibited a significantly negative correlation with ages. With an increase in age, an independent rate was decreased in males and females. The risk of dependence in three years was related to grip strength, and 10 m maximum walking speed.

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The primary purpose of this study was to find the relationship between PIPA (Physical Activities over a 24 hour period with the Position and Intensity method) using a PA Questionnaire (PAQ) and HRPA (PA with Heart Rate method) in a group of elderly subjects with motor disturbance. In addition the second purpose was to review the influence of PA with different physiological exercise abilities.
Sixty elderly subjects (23 males, 37 females) with motor disturbance of 4 nursing home facilities in the suburbs of Tokyo Japan took part in the study. The average age was 78 years, with ages ranging from 65 to 95 years. PIPA was estimated by computing the energy consumptions of physical activities over a 24 hour, taking into consideration position and intensity for each activity obtained from the PA Questionnaire (PAQ). HRPA was estimated by computing the energy consumption of physical activities over a 24 hour, period completely using by a compact radio heart rate monitor device (Polar Inc, Finland) for each activity.
The coefficient of correlation was 0.752, with a significant correlation (p < 0.01).
The group of lower physiological exercise abilities showed a high correlation coefficient of PIPA and HRPA. PIPA estimates the higher value than HRPA. The difference in the mean value between PIPA and HRPA was 293 kcal. A correlation (r = 0.271, p = 0.173) was shown except in the abnormal blood pressure adjustment group and the male group who were unable to stand.
Although PIPA showed 26% difference HRPA in the maximum, the present method was simple and useful for the measurement of physical activities of patients with movement disorder.

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The purpose of the present study was to assess the level of understanding of the aims of programs in home-visit rehabilitation services among patients and their family members, as well as the level of their satisfaction with it, in order to specify the relevant factors affecting their outcomes. Subjects of the study included physical therapists, their respective client patients, and the family members of them. A questionnaire was given to the subjects, asking physical therapists the name of the disease of each patient, the time from onset, the amount of time he/she stays out of bed per day, and whether they had explained to him/her about the aims of the programs. At the same time, it asked patients and their families their subjective understanding of the programs, the aims of each rehabilitation program, and their level of satisfaction with home-visit rehabilitation services. Based on these results, what a patient and his/her family regarded as a program aim was compared to the physical therapist in charge of him/her, and the correlation ratio between the two was used to determine the actual level of their understanding. Replies to the questionnaire were obtained from 27 patients and 47 family members, as well as the 12 physical therapists in charge of these patients. Subjective understanding of aims of the programs by the patients and their families was very high, with patients and family members scoring a rating of over 95%. The actual level of their understanding, on the contrary, was low, 32.7% for patients and 31.2% for their families, exhibiting a substantial gap between their subjective and actual understanding levels. Correlation coefficients between the level of actual understanding by the family and that of their satisfaction with home-visit rehabilitation services show a significant positive correlation. The level of actual understanding was lower in the following subsets: families whose answer disagreed with that of their physical therapist regarding whether there was an explanation given by the therapist about the aims of the programs; families with a lower level of subjective understanding; patients showing the smaller amount of time out of bed per day; patients with cerebrovascular diseases; and patients whose time from onset was longer. As for subjects' comments on home-visit rehabilitation services, both patients and their families showed a major demand for more frequent visits and longer stays, whereas the physical therapists most commonly pointed out the difficulties in setting a goal. These results illustrate the obstacles faced in terms of implementing rehabilitation programs, suggesting the need for measures to be taken in order to deal with it.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a laterally wedged insole on muscle activation, center of pressure, and pelvic motion during treadmill walking. Ten healthy subjects participated in this study. They walked at 3 km/h on a treadmill with and without a laterally elevated insole. Electromyographic data from the right leg muscles, a change in foot pressure during walking, tracking of the center of pressure (COP), and a video recording of pelvic motion were simultaneously collected, and each data set was compared for walking with and without the wedge. Electromyographic analysis showed that the insole caused a significant increase in peroneous longus muscle activity from foot flat to the mid stance phase. The COP was seen to shift to the lateral side during the heel contact phase, when the insole was used. However, the COP shifted to the medial side during the terminal stance. The pelvic sway during the stance phase did not show any change. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that a laterally wedged insole caused the COP to move laterally, and to generate a change in activity of the peroneous longus.

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We discussed factors about a case who had shown disorders in standing up and her daily life with difficulties in keeping upright standing posture after subcortical hemorrhage of left parietal lobe. Computed tomographic (CT) scans of the head showed lesions in the subcortex of left superior parietal lobule, subcortex of inferior parietal lobule. She showed findings connected with parietal association lesion that ataxie optique in right upper extremity, a disturbance of articular localization in right upper and lower extremities, etc. She could not orient her posture and physical condition accurately, showing a vague introspection. The parietal lobe, especially its association region, is considered to have an integrating function among higher somatosensory information, motor-related vision and somatesthesia and equilibrium function. It is also thought to play roles in the recognition of posture, production of body image, and perception of self movement. The patient's vague inrospection and clumsy motions were considered to result from functional disability of the parietal association region. On the other hand, she showed no problems in visual perception of vertical axis in a standing position, despite some errors in subjective perception of her postures and introspection. This was attributable to a disconnection in the integrating process of information inputs for postural control in the parietal association region, which was caused by subcortical lesion of left parietal lobe. The patient's clinical findings suggested roles of the parietal association region in the semi-automatic systemic movements such as basic movements or maintaining of a standing posture. Conversely, disorders in systemic movement were considered to result from disorders in the process of multi-sensory integration like somatic sense, vision, vestibular system, etc.

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Good results have previously been obtained for the upper extremity of Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) Type 1 patients with movement disorders and clinical symptoms through therapeutic exercise. Therapeutic exercise, with isolated flexion and adduction patterns sticking each other by pain and independent movement, promotes voluntary rehabilitation exercise and is effective for restoring functional movement toward daily living.
In this study, the therapeutic exercise was administered to a lower extremity CRPS Type 2 patient for a year. The patient's functional level of walking was improved from an indoor double axillary crutch gait to an indoor independent gait and an outdoor T cane gait. In the therapeutic exercise, it was important to help the patient to obtain functional movement through the exercise to improve the quality of movement by introducing mobilization of nervous systems and joints.

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