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Volume 20 (1977)
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Volume 20, Issue 1
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Article type: Cover
1977 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages Cover2-
Published: October 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 30, 2017
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Haruhito TakedaArticle type: Article
1977 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages 1-17
Published: October 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 30, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe outstanding events in the Japanese copper industry after W. W. I. were the heavy fall of the copper price and the sudden increase of the copper imports from U.S.A. The cost of Japanese copper mines had become so high compared with other copper mines in the world, that the Japanese copper industry lost its position in the world copper market, where world-wide copper stocks were excessively accumulated and where the price was declined. In 1922 the customs on copper imports rose \7.0 per a hundred kin from \1.2, and under this protective customs, Japanese copper mines tried to make their costs lower through the rationalization; improvement of technology in concentration and smelting, and mechanization in mining. But these efforts were limited by the natural conditions of Japanese mines; the poor ore deposits, complex composition of copper ore, and so on. Accordingly the Japanese copper cost could not catch up with that of U. S. A. But for the protective customs, Japanese copper industry could not have continued its production. So the Big 5 copper companies tried to keep main copper consuming companies, such as Furukawa Electric Wires, Sumitomo Wires and so on, under their control, so as to save their domestic copper market safely. In 1927 the Big 5 copper companies and 4 big electric wires companies reached the agreement on copper supply and demand. Under this agreement, the Big 5 saved 70% of domestic copper consumption in their control, and the monopoly in the Japanese copper trade was established.View full abstractDownload PDF (2353K) -
Lumi KuriharaArticle type: Article
1977 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages 18-45
Published: October 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 30, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe theme of this paper is to grasp how the Meiji Government's industry enhancement policy was realized, locally, in agricultural sector, and that, to do it in the relation of the rural structures. Hitherto the studies on this policy seem to have lacked this angle of view. For its positive analysis, I take up Kaisansha or the association for the encouragement of industry at local stage, in Nagano prefecture. Kaisansha started as the Center of encouragement of industry in this prefecture 1873/75, developed direct operations, but at Kaisansha's conference in 1881 changed its function. Kaisansha which almost became an organ for a small sum and low interest loan was to be dissolved in 1886/87. The confrontation of thoughts about Kaisansha's course at the conferences in 1881 and 1886 was determined by the difference in rural structures, where the members of its commitee were elected, that is, among Ina-, Tochiku and Suwa-types. With the investigation into the life of Kaisansha relating to the regional types, we may regard its functional transformation as the change of the class basis of Kaisansha, from petite-bourgeoisie or Tochiku-type to landlord or Ina-type, and its dissolution as the ultimate expression of landlordly course along with the intention of the prefectural authorities.View full abstractDownload PDF (3133K) -
Takeshi MurataArticle type: Article
1977 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages 46-63
Published: October 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 30, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Eastern Germany the land reform of 1945-46 expropriated the large "Junker" estates and created over 200,000 "new peasant farms". Research work carried out in Japan has attempted to explain teh significance that land reform brought to the restructuring of land ownership in the east, as far as the Elbe. Most of this work however, has ignored the role taken by land reform in the drastic restructuring of the peasant farms. 1) The land reform act of September 1945 set out the land reform program of the German Communist Party (KPD). This had as its objective not only the breaking up of the "Junker" estates but also the creation of large numbers of peasant farms, thereby meeting the demands of agrarian workers and poor peasants, and at the same time encouraging the formation of a powerful new social class. In this way, the political objective of bringing together peasants and workers in a powerful alliance could be achieved. 2) However, in the course of the expropriation of the estates by the land reform program and their conversion into new peasant farms, so-called "Cooperative farms" (Gemeinwirtschaft) occasionally came into being. 3) These "Cooperative farms" inevitably arose with a historical necessity from the class struggle for land reform and also due to other economical difficulties with the new peasant farms. 4) New peasant farms established by abolishing these "Cooperative farms" came to promote socialistic collective farms in GDR which have appeared since 1952.View full abstractDownload PDF (2413K) -
M. KaidoArticle type: Article
1977 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages 64-70
Published: October 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 30, 2017
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T. ToyodaArticle type: Article
1977 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages 70-73
Published: October 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 30, 2017
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M. MiwaArticle type: Article
1977 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages 73-75
Published: October 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 30, 2017
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Y. MoriArticle type: Article
1977 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages 75-77
Published: October 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 30, 2017
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M. FukushimaArticle type: Article
1977 Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages 77-78
Published: October 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: October 30, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (379K)
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