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Azusa FUJIIE
1980 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages
1-9
Published: February 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The number of eggs laid per female of the pear leaf miner under laboratory conditions varied from generation to generation, but exhibited a tendency to increase from the overwintered generation to the 3rd generation. Change in potential fecundity from generation to generation, which had been examined by counting the number of eggs contained in the ovaries of a female, showed about the same tendency as the change in the actual number of eggs laid per female. Number of eggs in ovaries was significantly smaller in the overwintered generation than in the following 3 successive generations. The length of fore wings as an indicator of body size was significantly larger in the overwintered generation than in the other 3. Newly emerged females of overwintered generation possessed mature eggs in their ovarioles, but a slight progress in egg development in ovaries was observed by the 5th day after emergence. The fluctuation of population densities from generation to generation seemed to be influenced by the change in fecundity in each generation.
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Toru NAGATA, Takeo MASUDA
1980 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages
10-19
Published: February 25, 1980
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The brown planthopper and the white backed planthopper collected from Thailand and Philippines were considerably more susceptible to 8 insecticides, especially to DDT than those of Japan. Furthermore, they produced significantly higher percentages of brachypterous from than the Japanese strains when reared on rice seedlings. One of the two strains of the brown planthopper collected from Taiwan was quite similar to the Japanese strain with respect to insecticide susceptibility and wing-form ratio, and the other showed a coasiderably higher DDT-susceptibility and a higher percentage of brachypterous form. These results suggested that the tropical populations of the two species of rice planthoppers are differentiated in physiological and ecological properties from the tepmerate populations.
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Masao FUKUI, Shozo TAKAHASHI
1980 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages
20-26
Published: February 25, 1980
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During courtship behavior, the male of Nauphoeta cinerea raises his wings and tegmina upon recognizing a sexually-mature female. The recognition takes place by touching the female with the antennae. The male than attracts the female by secreting "seducin" from the tergal gland. In contrast, when the male meets another male, mutual aggressive antennal fencing is often observed. N. cinerea males recognize the difference between male and female by contact chemoreception, mostly through antennal contact to the antennae and body. The chemical factors responsible for sex discrimination were extracted from the body surface of each sex and their effect on the male wing-raising behavior was investigated.
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Fusao NAKASUJI, Kazuyuki FUJITA
1980 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages
27-35
Published: February 25, 1980
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A population model to assess the effect of sex pheromones on the suppression of insect pest population was presented and simulation tests were conducted with the model. The effect of population size on the degree of suppression was stronger in the mass trapping method than in the disruption method. The trap efficiency in capturing males and relative attactiveness of the trap to the wild females within an area permeated with both pheromones had less effect on suppression rate. The ratio of males captured by the traps to the total number of males emerged, or the rate of females mated per day is not a good measure of the degree of population suppression in the next generation.
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Kiyomitsu ITO
1980 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages
36-44
Published: February 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Techniques of tethered flight and fight mill were used to investigate the seasonal change of the flight adility of Cletus punctiger. Bugs caught in the field flew for about 2hr continuously in both techniques and the maximum flight velocity was estimated at about 45 m/min on the average in the filght mill technique. These results, in addition to its wide range of hosts, seem to indicate that flight of this species is the "appetitive" type which means that the insect does not migrare long-distance like brown planthopper Nilaparuata lugens but fies about from one host plant to the next. The proportion of good fliers decreased gradually in summer, that is, the proportion of bugs flying for one minute or more being 70% in early to mid June decreased to 25% in July to August tested by the tethered flight and from 60% to 10% by the fight mill. The longest continuous flight time of individual bugs was also shortened. Therefore, the decline of flight ability was considered to be one of the reasons for rare immigration of about bugs to late-heading rice fields.
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R.N. SHARMA, Vijaya JOSHI, D.S. HEBBALKAR, A.S. GUPTA, S.A. PATWARDHAN
1980 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages
45-51
Published: February 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Juvenile hormore activity of 63 derivatives of 4-oxa-farnesane with various substituents at C-1 and C-11 on Dysdercus koenigii (Hemiptera : Pyrrhocoridae) is reported and structure/activity relationship is discussed. Highest activity was found in aromatic amides with carboalkoxy group in the p-position. Substitution of methoxy group at C-11 enhanced activity.
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Hisaaki TSUMUKI
1980 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages
52-59
Published: February 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Effect of anaerobiosis on glycerol formation was investigated in developing and dia pausing larvae of the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis WALKER. Glycerol accumulation was stimulated in both the pre-diapausing and diapausing larvae exposed to hypoxia, especially to 20% nitrogen-air mixed gas and the accumulation was gradually reduced with increasing nitrogen rates. On the other hand, glycerol formation could not be detected in developing larvae incubated anaerobically. This fact was also confirmed by experiments using
14C-glucose and
14C-glucerol. Lactic acid content was increased in developing larvae exposed to nitrogen gas, but was not increased so much in diapausing larve. Pyruvic acid content decreased with increase in lactic acid content. These metabolisms were greatly dependent on the activites of α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase. Anaerobic metabolism changed according to physiological state of larvae and environmental temperatures.
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Mutsuo KOBAYASHI, Fumio MUKAIYAMA, Kunikatsu HAMANO
1980 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages
60-65
Published: February 25, 1980
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Mature silkworm larvae, Bombyx mori, discharged about 0.3ml of urine
2 immediately before cocoon spinning. Urine was composed of several kinds of nitrogenous compounds including 16 kinds of amino acids, urea, uric, acid, protein and ammonia. The quantity of each nitrogenous compound in urine varied according to the food condition during the 5th instar and silkworm races. Disc-electrophoretic analysis revealed that several proteins in urine were derived from digestive juice. The role of urine in nitrogen excretion is discussed.
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Akira HASHIMOTO, Itsuo ICHIMOTO, Shozaburo KITAOKA
1980 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages
66-72
Published: February 25, 1980
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A new bimolecular-type dicarboxylic acid glyceride was isolated from the lipids of a scale iasect, Phenacoccus pergandei and its structure was shown to be diglycerol tetradodecanoate tetradecanedioate. This compound was the major lipid class present in the incect, constituting about 14% of the total lipids.
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Yoshiaki KONO
1980 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages
73-80
Published: February 25, 1980
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Epilachna vigintioctopunctata ceased to feed and entered diapause after 16 day's vigorous feeding in short-day photoperiods. Diapause could be prevented by the change from a short day to a long day before the 5th day of adult life. If the photoperiodic change occurred later, the beetle entered diapause even in a long day. Therefore, the prediapause period was divided into two stages. The secretory material in the neurosecretory cells of the pars intercerebralis changed in quantity corresponding to these stages. A small amount of the material represented the stage sensitive to a photoperiodic change, the scattering of small agregates of the material the stage insensitive to a photoperiodic change, and a large amount of the material the early stage of diapause. Throughout these stages, the corpora allata were small in size as compared with those of long-day beetles. These correlations were also found in adults reared on sliced potato which did not enter diapause in spite of their ovarian degeneration in short days. The response of prediapause beetles to a juvenile hormone analogue (ZR-515[○!R]) showed that the latter triggered the ovarian development but failed to induce yolk deposition. Another factor, possibly the neurosecretory material from the brain, was nesessary for the full ovarin development.
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Takashi WADA, Masahiro KOBAYASHI, Mitsuaki SHIMAZU
1980 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages
81-89
Published: February 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Observations were made of the mating, ovarian development and fat condition of the rice leaf roller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee, collected from fields and by light trap in 1977 and 1978. It became clear that the proportions of the mated females fluctuated extremely by season. Most of the females collected in the paddy fields mated from June to early September. Thereafter, the proportions of mated females declined greatly up to mid-October, when almost all female moths contained immature ovaries and abundant fat body in their abdoments. From late October through the rest of the season the mated females, most of which looked lean, increased considerably in number. Some difference of the reproductive conditions was also noted among the three kinds of samples : female moths collected in the paddy fields, in the grassy fields and those captured by light trap. Some possible causes for the disappearance of the mated females in autumn are discussed.
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Okitsugu YAMASHITA, Minoru ISOBE, Kunio IMAI, Naoto KONDO, Toshio GOTO
1980 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages
90-95
Published: February 25, 1980
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Effects of serum albumin as a carrier medium for diapause hormone (DH) were examined in the pharate adults of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The addition of serum albumin clearly increased the effectiveness of highly purified DH injected, especially at the lower doses of DH. At a given dose of DH-A (15 μg/animal) the activity rose according to increasing amounts of serum albumin and attained a maximum level over 125 μg/animal, being unity in the molar ratios of albumin to DH-A. Further serum albumin caused prolonged periods of sensitivity to DH-A. Similar effects were observed in ovalbumin, α-globulin and β-casein when injected as complexes with DH-A. From these results, the usefulness of serum albumin as a carrier medium of DH is discussed in view of the improvement of bioassay system.
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Akio OTAKE
1980 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages
96-105
Published: February 25, 1980
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In June and July, 1978, galls of Dryocosmus kuriphilus were dissected to examine the contents of cells composing the galls, and from June to September in the same year, emergence of adult Dryocosmus and its parasites was observed in the laboratory. Growth of Dryocosumus in the cell was even and adult emergence out of the gall took place during a period as short as about 10 days. Frequency distribution of cells composing a gall was approximated using the truncated negative binominal series. Percentage parasitism was variable among trees, although parasitic activity was low in genetal. Emergence of adult parasites lasted for a longer time than that of D. kuriphilus.
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Emmanuel Uche IHEAGWAM
1980 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages
106-108
Published: February 25, 1980
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Yoshimi HIROSE, Masami TAKAGI
1980 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages
108-110
Published: February 25, 1980
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Hiroo KANNO, Akio SATO
1980 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages
111-112
Published: February 25, 1980
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Tsutomu NEGISHI, Taketoshi ISHIWATARI, Shoji ASANO, Hiroshi FUJIKAWA
1980 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages
113-114
Published: February 25, 1980
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