Applied Entomology and Zoology
Online ISSN : 1347-605X
Print ISSN : 0003-6862
ISSN-L : 0003-6862
Search
Advanced search
OR
Browse
Search
Volume 22, Issue 2
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
Show all abstracts
    • |<
    • <
    • 1
    • >
    • >|
  • Comparison of Life-History Parameters of Two Forms of Panonychus akitanus EHARA(Acarina Tetranychidae)
    Tetsuo GOTOH
    1987 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 119-124
    Published: May 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.22.119
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    Life-history parameters of two different forms of Panomychus akitanus EHARA were compared under 25°C and 15L-9D. One (stiped-egg form) was collected from Sasa senanensis in Sappro, and the other (stipless-egg form) from Sasa apoiensis in Tomakomai. The total developmental time was shorter in the Sapporo population than in the Tomakomai one.The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), net reproductive rate (r0) and mean generation time (T) were determined as follows : the Sapporo population : rm, 0.200, R0, 59.56 and T, 23.56; the Tomakomai population : rm, 0.184, R0, 44.65 and T, 22.32. The difference of rm-values found in the two populations was considered to be due to the differences in the microhabitat ocupied and its distribution pattern.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (573K)
  • Polygenic Analyses of Morphological Characters in Pieris rapae crucivora BOISDUVAL(Lepidoptera Pieridae). : I. Heritability Estimates
    Yoshinari TANAKA
    1987 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 125-132
    Published: May 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.22.125
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    Heritabilities of external morphologies (pupal weight, body weight, forewing length, median cell length, hindwing length) in Pieris rapae crucivora were estimated by quantitative genetic method (sib analysis). The experiment was done to know the type and force of natural selection acting on these trains that might be of ecological significance. The estimates were in the low to moderate range (0.2-0.9, 0.44 on average)for the characters. These results suggest that genetic variances were maintained in these characters of Pieris rapae crucivora.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (652K)
  • Conditions Governing Diapuse Induction in the Lady Beetle, Coccinella septempunctata bruckii (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae)
    Hironori SAKURAI, Tetsushi HIRANO, Kazuyuki KODAMA, Susumu TAKEDA
    1987 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 133-138
    Published: May 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.22.133
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    In the lady beetle, Coccinella septempunctata bruckii, aestivation is true diapause controlled by corpus allatum, while hibernation is not. The condition for diapause induction was studied by rearing experiment. First-generation adults reared under an autumn condition did not diapause, but when these adults wre transferred to a natural condition in summer, they diapaused. Also, in 2nd-generation adults a summer condition remarkably inhibited the respiratory activity. Rearing at 25°C demonstracted that the long photoperiod caused diapause, while the short photoperiod permitted oogenesis. Observation indicates that diapause is induced by the summer condition during adult stage.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (580K)
  • Effects of Venom from an External Parasitoid, Euplectrus kuwanae (Hymenoptera : Eulophidae) on Larval Ecdysis of Argyrogramma albostriata (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae)
    Hideo UEMATSU, Akira SAKANOSHITA
    1987 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 139-144
    Published: May 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.22.139
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    The venom apparatus in female Euplectrus kuwanae consists of two spheroidal venom reservoirs and a gland. A number of crystals which are rhomb in shape are observed in the venom reservoir. Although venom reservoirs of newly emerged females are small and contain no venom fluid, they develop rapidly until the fourth day of adulthood. When the hosts, Argyrogramma albostriata larvae, were injected with a venom equivalent to 1/2-1/10 of the volume of the venom reservoirs of one female, they failed to molt and died. This indicates that the venom of E. kuwanae has a specific effect on the host's endocrine system.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (567K)
  • Insecticide Susceptibility of the Rice Leafroller Larvae, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis GUENEE (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae)
    Shozo ENDO, Hikaru KAZANO, Takeo MASUDA
    1987 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 145-152
    Published: May 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.22.145
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    Insecticide susceptibility of the rice leafroller larvae, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis GUENEE, has been surveyed by the leaf-dipping method since 1979. The ratio of LC50 of 5th-instar larvae to that of 1st instar has ranged from 4.8 of fimethylvimphos to 14.5 of chlorpyrifosmethyl. The LC50 values of larvae for several insecticides did not change with advacement of the generations except for chlorpyrifos-methyl in 1981. Insecticide susceptibility of different migration waves in Nagasaki populations in 1983 and 1985 did not differ.LC50 values of Ishigaki and East China Sea populations for several insecticides were smaller than Kyushu main island populations. Ratios of average LC50 values for diazinon, acephate, isoxathion, monocrotophos and cartap obtained in 1985 to those obtained in 1981 were 9.4, 2.7, 1.6, 1.6 and 1.2, respectively, but the ratios for chlorpyrifos-methyl, dimethylvinphos and tetrachlorvinphos were less than 1.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (678K)
  • Degradation of the Dispersion-Inducing Substances in the Alimentary Canal of the German Cockroach, Blattella germanica (LINNE)(Blattaria : Blattellidae)
    Yasuhiro NAKAYAMA, Chiharu SUTO, Nobuo KUMADA
    1987 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 153-158
    Published: May 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.22.153
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    The dispersion-inducing repellent activity in the alimentary canal of the German cockroach was studied. Aqueous extracts of the oral secretion and of the foregut and midgut contents of the German cockroach had certain degrees of repellent activity to first instar nymphs of the same species when applied to preference tests. By gel filtration column chromatography, the repellent activity in the foregut extract was eluted into higher and lower molecular weight fractions (HMF and LMF), representing the same elution pattern observed in the oral secretion. These were supposed to be identical with the dispersion-inducing substances secreted in the saliva. In the midgut extract, only the LMF had repellent activity, and in the hindgut the activity in both the HMF and LMF was insignificant. On the other hand, aggregation activity was observed in the MeOH extract of the rectum and feces.Therefore, it is considered that the dispersion-inducing substances, or pheromones, are secreted in the saliva, and when swallowed thay are degraded in the alimentary canal. It is supposed that they do not interfere with the role of aggregation pheromone secreted from the rectal pads.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (557K)
  • Control of the Greenhouse Whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum WESTWOOD (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) by the Integrated Use of Yellow Sticky Traps and the Parasite Encarsia formosa GAHAN (Hymenoptra : Aphelinidae)
    Eizi YANO
    1987 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 159-165
    Published: May 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.22.159
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    Greenhouse experiments were carried out to control the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum WESTWOOD) on tomatoes by the combined use of yellow sticky traps with the parasite Encarsia formosa GAHAN.In the treatments where the parasites were introduced after monitoring by yellow sticky traps, the results were successful. Whitefly infestations were maintained at low levels throughout the season. In the treatment where many yellow sticky traps were used to control whiteflies by mass trapping with the parasite, the results was also successful. However, the combined effectof the parasite and the mass trapping was not significantly evident. From the practical point of view, use of yellow sticky traps was thought to be more promising for monitoring than for mass trapping.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (609K)
  • Development of Pyrethroid Resistance in the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella LINNE (Lepidoptera : Yponomeutidae)
    Hiroshi HAMA
    1987 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 166-175
    Published: May 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.22.166
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    Susceptibility of various populations of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella LINNE, to fenvalerate was determined using fourth instar larvae by a topical application method. This survey revealed a high level of resistance to fenvalerate in several populations collected in 1984 in the southern part of Kyushu and on Okinawa Island and in populations collected in the southern part of the Japanese mainland in 1985 one or two years after the introduction of fenvalerate. The high pyrethroid-resistant populations, which had previously exhibited high resistance to organophosphorus or carbamate insecticides, also showed a high level of resistance to some combinations of fenvalerate and organophosphorus or carbamate insecticides. Although pyrethroid-resistant populations showed a high level of cross-resistance to all pyrethroides tested, the resistance level to permethrin was rather low. Synergistic activity of piperonyl butoxide with fenvalerate was low for the susceptible strain, but high for pyrethroid-resistant populations. The results suggested that microsomal oxidative metabolism contributed to pyrethroid resistance in this insect.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (803K)
  • Decreased Sensitivity of Central Nerve to Fenvalerate in the Pyrethoroid-Resistant Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella LINNE (Lepidoptera : Yponomeutidae)
    Hiroshi HAMA, Yosiaki KONO, Yasuo SATO
    1987 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 176-180
    Published: May 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.22.176
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    Effects of fenvalerate on spontaneous firings of the exposed abdominal nerve cord of the fourth instar larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella LINNE, were examined and compared between a susceptible strain and pyrethoroid-resistant populations. In the nerve cords of the susceptible strain, no change was induced in the nerve activity by the application of fenvalerate at 10-7M and 5×10-7M, but the firing frequency increased with a latent time of a few minutes at 10-6M and without a latent time at 10-5M. On the other hand, the preparations of resistant populations were less sensitive than the susceptible strain, i.e., 10-5M fenvalerate induced the increase in firing frequency without the latent time on 16.7% of the preparations, with the latent time on 75% of the preparations, and caused no increase on the remainder, though the response was concentration dependent as in the susceptible strain. Decreased sensitivity at the site of action in the nervous system was suggested to contribute to pyrethroid resistance in this insect.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (537K)
  • Time-Domain Analysis of the Male Courtship Songs Produced by Wild, Mass-Reared, and by Irradiated Melon Flies, Dacus cucurbitae COQUILLETT (Diptera : Tephritidae)
    Kenkichi KANMIYA, Akira TANAKA, Hidemi KAMIWADA, Kohjin NAKAGAWA, Tosh ...
    1987 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 181-194
    Published: May 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.22.181
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    Temporal parameters of male courtship songs produced by wild (W-), mass-reared (M-), and by irradiated (I-) strains of Dacus cucurbitae COQUILETT were examined. The pulse-train duration (PTD), the pulse-train interval (PTI), and the pulse-train period (PTP) that appeared during calling and courtship sounds were measured. Only the PTI showed leptokurtic distribution, and appeared to be concentrated within 0.10-0.30 sec compared to the PTD and the PTP. The peak of the average block occupation rates of the PTI was 0.15-0.20 sec in the M- and I-strains (except for age 32 days), and 0.15-0.20 sec for ages 22 and 32 days and 0.20-0.25 sec for ages 17 and 27 days in the W-strain. In the M- and I-strains 69-94% of the highest two peaks of the total PTI were 0.10-0.25 sec long, but in the W-strain (except for age 22 days) 85-92% of those were 0.15-0.30 sec long. The laboratory-reared strains shortened their PTI by 0.05 sec compared to that of the wild strain. The concentration of the PTI values may be due to the PTI being a cue for attracting females. The presence of temporal difference in the PTI between the wild and laboratory-reared strains explains it to be an effective parameter for the estimation of qualitative characteristics.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (1034K)
  • A Study of the Subcortical Insect Community in Pine Trees. : II. Vertical Distribution
    Ken YOSHIKAWA
    1987 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 195-206
    Published: May 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.22.195
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    The vertical distributions of the emergence of subcortical species are described. The greatest emergence density of Shirahoshizo spp. occurred at the bottom and decreased abruptly with height. In contrast, Taenioglyptes fulvus showed the maximum density higher on the stem and tapered toward the bottom. The largest number of Monochamus alternatus and Pissodes nitidus emerged from the middle part of the stem, decreasing toward the top and bottom. Acanthocinus griseus did not show any distinct changes with height from the bottom to top. Emergence of M. alternatus and A. griseus showed no relation to bark condition. A clear positive relation between occupation ratio and mean emergence density was observed for M. alternatus and T. fulvus.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (980K)
  • A Study of the Subcortical Insect Community in Pine Trees. : III. Species Correlation
    Ken YOSHIKAWA
    1987 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 207-215
    Published: May 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.22.207
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    Species correlations in the subcortical community of Pinus densiflora were analyzed with indices of γ and ω proposed by IWAO (1977). All pine bait logs were attacked by Shirahoshizo spp. and Taenioglyptes fulvus because of their long active period. The basic distribution pattern in the trunk of Pinus densiflora was T. fulvus as upper part of the stem and Shirahoshizo spp. at the bottom. Although Pissodes nitidus attacked trees that lost their vigor in the spring and had the same distribution range with T. fulvus, the two species were distributed independently in each trunk unit and different niches were suggested by correlation. When pine trees weakened in the summer, two Cerambycidae participated in the community instead of P. nitidus. Monochamus alternatus and Acanthocinus griseus showed an overlapping distribution and competed severely with each other. However, M. alternatus usually won. T. fulvus seldom suffered from the presence of other species at the habitat available for development. The basic distribution pattern of the species was exclusion with each other in each trunk unit, but extreme difference in body size made possible coexistence with other species in the same habitat.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (829K)
  • Infectivity of Hibernated Resting Spores of Entomophaga maimaiga HUMBER, SHIMAZU et SOPER (Entomophthorales : Entomophthoraceae)
    Mitsuaki SHIMAZU, Chikara KOIZUMI, Tamotsu KUSHIDA, Jun MITSUHASHI
    1987 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 216-221
    Published: May 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.22.216
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    Infectious activity of hibernated resting spores of Entomophaga maimaiga in the field was bioassayed on gypsy moth larvae at the site where an epizootic had occurred the previous year. Mortality of the larvae with this fungus was 7.5 to 14.0% when they were exposed to the cadavers on a tree trunk for 1 night. Suspensions of the cadavers, litter, and soil, which were collected from the field and were thought to contain resting spores, had infectious activity to the larvae, i.e., 4.0 to 12.0% of them were infected with the fungus. When the larvae contacted those materials during rearing, 8.0 to 44.0% of them were also infected. The larvae were not infected in the experiments with resting spores 2 years old. No larvae in the control plot were infected in any experiment. From those results, it was ascertained that the infection of young larvae with overwintered resting spores initiated the epizootic in the population of gypsy moth with E. maimaiga.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (708K)
  • Adhesion of a Leaf Feeding Ladybird Epilachna vigintioctomaculta (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) on a Virtically Smooth Surface
    Shoziro ISHII
    1987 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 222-228
    Published: May 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.22.222
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    A leaf feeding Coccinelidae, Epilachna vigintioctomaculata, is able to stay ant to walk on a vertically smooth surface such as a glass plate in the same manner as on a horizontal one. The insect is able to adhere to the underside of a glass plate and support a load of about five times of its body weight against the force of gravity. A large number of tenent hairs is distributed on the ventral side of the first and second tarsi of the fore-, mid-, and hind-legs in a pattern of a diagonal lattice. The tips of the hairs are bent and expanded in the form of a spatula. Footprints which consisted of a large number of minute droplets were observed on a glass plate on which an insect walked. The distribution of the droplets was of the same pattern as that of the tenent hairs. Thin layer chromatography substantiated the lipidal nature of the droplets. The tenent hairs and the lipids which were probably secreted from the hairs were considered to play important roles on the adhesion of the insect on vertically smooth surfaces against the force of gravity.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (1278K)
  • Infestation Resistance of Wild Legumes (Vigna sublobata) to Azuki Bean Weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera : Bruchidae) and Its Relationship with Cytogenetic Classification
    Koichi FUJII, Shoji MIYAZAKI
    1987 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 229-230
    Published: May 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.22.229
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (366K)
  • Occurrence of the Gladiolus Thrips, Thrips simplex (MORISON), in Japan (Thysanoptera : Thripidae)
    Masahisa MIYAZAKI, Iwao KUDO
    1987 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 230-232
    Published: May 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.22.230
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (803K)
  • Artificial Diet for the Large Cabbage-Heart Caterpillar, Crocidolomia binotalis (ZELL.) (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae)
    Masaaki KURIHARA, Sadahiro TATSUKI, Singgih SUTRISNO, Jun-ichi FUKAMI
    1987 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 232-234
    Published: May 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.22.232
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (414K)
  • Synergistic Factor Shows Specificity in Enhancing Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Infections
    Tosihiko HUKUHARA, Kiyoshi TAMURA, Yafeng ZHU, Hiroaki ABE, Yoshinori ...
    1987 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 235-236
    Published: May 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.22.235
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (334K)
  • Arrest-Deterring Effect of Resistant Parental Lines of Japonica Rice to Immigrant Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens STAL (Hemiptera : Delphacidae) in the Field
    Shingo OYA, Saburo FUKAMACHI
    1987 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 237-239
    Published: May 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/aez.22.237
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (381K)
    • |<
    • <
    • 1
    • >
    • >|
feedback
 Top