-
Yoshitoshi HIROOKA
1983 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages
139-143
Published: May 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Continuously repeated turnings of the Hyphantria cunea DRURY male were observed in its flying into an active space estimated by diffusion equation until arrival at its destination or the abandonment of its zigzagging. A turning was defined as the reversing of flight track direction or circular flight. Frequency of turnings was counted by observers standing near the pheromone source. The repeated turnings are presumed to be solved as a matter of probability since turning frequency, turning ratio, hovering ratio and arrival ratio seem to have probability characteristics.
View full abstract
-
Shigeru KIMURA
1983 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages
144-148
Published: May 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Activities of α-mannosidase, β-galactosidase and
β-N-acetylglucosaminidase of silkworm haemolymph were examined for quantitative differences among four geographically different races and strains of Bombyx mori. Statistical analysis on a correlation of strains with the ratios of enzyme activities revealed that all strains were distinguishable by the index. α-Mannosidase levels were bimodally distributed in the four races, whereas β-galactosidase and β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase showed a normal unimodal pattern. A difference in activity among the four races was found only for α-mannosidase which was significantly higher in the European race. No enzyme-deficient silkworm was found. Silkworms with extremely high and low activities were seen, suggesting that they were in a heterozygous state for glycosidases.
View full abstract
-
Ken YOSHIKAWA
1983 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages
149-160
Published: May 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Behaviour of adult pine bark weevils (Shirahoshizo spp.; including three species) in selecting habitat for oviposition was determined by their responses to pine bait logs. Movements of adults were monitored using capture-recapture data. Logs having larger surface area and more thick bark were colonized by more adults. By partial correlation coefficients, the effect of bark thickness was found stronger than that of surface area. The main part of tramping (i.e. intra-plot movements) consisted of mutual interchanges among logs having many immigrants, but there was no tendency for adults to congregate upon any particular log. The constancy of the tramp ratio for a wide range of immigration density indicated that about one half of the immigrants on each log emigrated from the plot without any intra-plot movements. The duration time of staying on a log did not change significantly with log size. Emergence of progeny was restricted to logs having bark more than about 1.5mm thick.
View full abstract
-
Tokio OBATA, Hen-Sik KOH, Mujo KIM, Hiroshi FUKAMI
1983 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages
161-169
Published: May 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The chemical factor in rice plant attracting Nilaparvata lugens was extractable with ether and proved to be composed of multiple neutral compounds. The gas chromatogram of the active fraction indicated the presence of more than 27 compounds which were separated by chromatographic technique and identified as shown in Table 1. The planthoppers were well Ttracted to the mixture of these 27 compounds (14 esters, 7 carbonyl compounds, 5 alcohols, and 1 isocyanurate) and their activity was located in the carbonyl compounds plus isocyanurate, but the attractancy of these compounds was lower than that of the original active fraction. The gas chromatogram of the mixture was superimposable on that of the active fraction except for some minor differences as shown in Fig. 4, suggesting that minor components may play an important role for attractancy of rice plant against N. lugens.
View full abstract
-
Ikuro HONDA, Yukio ISHIKAWA, Yoshiharu MATSUMOTO
1983 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages
170-181
Published: May 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Sensilla on the antennae of onion fly were investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopes. On the scape and the pedicel only mechanoreceptive sensilla were found, whereas on the surface of the funicle trichoid sensilla, basiconic sensilla, grooved sensilla, and clacate sensilla were found. All of these were considered to have olfactory function. In a large olfactory pit. grooved sensilla, smooth-walled pit sensilla, and striated pit sensilla were found. The first sensilla were also considered to be olfactory, but the functions of the last two were not clear. In small olfactory pits, only basiconic sensilla with peculiar elongate surface pores were found. This characteristic in pore shape has not been reported in other fly species. These sensilla were also considered olfactory. Each type differed in its distribution on the funicle. These results were compared with previously published studies on several other species of fly.
View full abstract
-
Yasumasa KUWAHARA, Sumiko ADACHI, Naoko TSUCHIDA
1983 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages
182-190
Published: May 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Using primarily electron-capture gas chromatography, bombykol content in female silkworm moths was determined. In virgin females a circadian rhythmic change of bombykol content was demonstrated ranging from 0.4 μg to 1.5 μg per female. No such rhythmic change was detected in mated females and a lower level of bombykol (0.4 μg or less) was constantly observed throughout their lives. Ultraviolet absorbance at 230 mm was not affected by mating, suggesting that bombykol was transformed to other compound(s) still possessing a conjugated-diene chromophore. Relationship between bombykol content and body weight was demonstrated.
View full abstract
-
Taira ICHINOSE, Michiaki KISHIMOTO
1983 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages
191-199
Published: May 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The histology of the dermal epithelia under the caudal tergites and cerci of the cockroaches, Periplaneta fuliginosa, P. japonica, and P. americana were examined comparatively in regard to the developmental, density-dependent and interspecific differences in the amount of their viscous secretion. In the nymphs of P. fuliginosa and P. japonica, hypodermal tissues under the 6th and 7th tergites and dorsal cuticle of cerci, on which the viscous secretion is accumulated, were found to be much thicker than their 5th tergite. The posterior edge of each tergite is bent upward. These thickened tissues consist of outer smaller cells and large glandular cells filled with granules. On these secretory cuticles, many small pores were observed to pierce through the cuticles, and occasionally connect with ductlike structures meandering around the cells. In the nymph of P. americana, on the other hand, the glandular cells occur in far less numbers under the 6th tergite and the thinner dorsal hypodermis of cerci. All adults of either sex have a single layer of epidermal cells under the 6th and 7th tergites and dorsal cuticles of cerciinstead of the stratified glandular cells. The morphology of the secretory cells of nymphs of P. fuliginosa and P. japonica in gregarious rearings showed no change from that in solitary rearings.
View full abstract
-
Yosiaki ITO, De-Xiang GU, Takeo JOHRAKU
1983 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages
200-210
Published: May 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Field censuses were made to clarify the difference in population processes of the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps UHLER, between Hokuriku and Tokai-Nisinippon districts of Japan. In the former district, the density of this species in rice paddies increased at an almost constant rate from the first invasion of adults to the harvesting stage and the highest density of adults was a peak not usually attained in the Tokai-Nisinippon district. In the latter location, on the other hand, the rate of increase was initially high but became near unity in mid-summer to autumn. There was no remarkable difference between densities of spiders in the two districts. Although these results are consistent with the results of analyses of pest-forecasting records published elsewhere, further studies are needed to learn whether the factor most responsible for the difference is genetic or environmental (including cultural practice).
View full abstract
-
Takashi KIDOKORO
1983 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages
211-219
Published: May 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The adult movement from overwintering sites to paddy fields and the subsequent dispersal of the rice leaf beetle, Oulema oryzae, was studied. As the ovarian development after the resumption of feeding was very rapid, the occurrence of immigration into paddy fields could be assessed by the daily change in the density of immature females, which fluctuated in parallel with the daily maximum temperature. It was inferred, therefore, that the immigration was triggered by high temperature. The variation in time of immigration from year to year could also be explained by temperature. The dispersal after immigration was favored by warm and calm weather, and the absence of females also promoted the movement of males. The timing of migratory movement after hibernation seems to be adapted to the food supply in the original habitat conditions, and the temporal relationship between the movement to paddy fields in the spring and the planting of rice would have a great impact on the population dynamics of this insect.
View full abstract
-
Ei'ichi SHIBATA
1983 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages
220-224
Published: May 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Seasonal changes and spatial patterns of adult populations of the sugi bark borer, Semanotus japonicus LACORDAIRE, which attacks the trunks of Japanese cedar and cypress were dertermined using a simple banding technique developed by the author. Adults emerged from the trees from March 20 to April 15. Population size based on a mark-release-recapture method was estimated. The spatial distribution patterns of collected adults per tree and daily occurrence of emergence holes were both contagious. This contagious pattern results from lack of dispersal of adults throughout the stands; very little movement of the adults from tree to tree was observed.
View full abstract
-
Tsutomu SAITO, Joji AOKI
1983 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages
225-233
Published: May 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Free fatty acids (C : 8 to C : 20) were detected qualitatively and quantitatively from lipids present on external surfaces of the silkworm (Bombyx mori) and the fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea). The major component of the fatty acids was linoleinic acid (C : 18-3), and the amount of short-chain fatty acids was small. The total contents of free fatty acids and the composition of each free fatty acid in the integument of the silkworm changed quantitatively with larval growth. The short-chain fatty acids (C : 6 to C : 12) inhibited conidial germinations and hyphal growths of Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces fumoso-roseus, whereas some long-chain fatty acids supprted the growths of both fungi. Though these short-chain fatty acids acted fungistatically to conidial germination, the conidia treated with capric acid (C : 10) lost their pathogenicity toward the silkworm larvae.
View full abstract
-
Hitoshi KAWADA, Chikayoshi KITAMURA
1983 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages
234-242
Published: May 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Several features of mating behavior and the relation between the number of copulations and the fecundity of the female brown marmorated stink byg, Halyomorpha mista UHLER, were investigated in the laboratory. The sequences of mating behavior were observed to be common with other pentatomid bugs in some features. The duration of copulation was much shorter (mean ca. 10 min) than those in other bugs reported previously and the number of copulations of each adult averaged more than five times daily while they were sexually mature. Although the female that mated once was capable of laying fertile eggs for about half of her life, fecundity decreased in proportion to her age. Fecundity and period of laying fertile eggs increased in proportion to the number of copulations.
View full abstract
-
Toshiaki SHIMIZU
1983 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages
243-251
Published: May 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The consumption of norbormide-adulterated food or quinine-adulterated food by albino rats was monitored by the electric balance-computer systems. The consumption of norbormide- or quinine-adulterated food was low as compared with that of control powder food. The food approach behavior of norbormide-adulterated food was similar with that of quinine-adulterated food. and decreased as compared with that of control powder food. Initial feeding after the lights went off was also monitored by licking counter in the non-choice and two-choice methods. The rats licked the norbormide-adulterated food and control powder food like a machine-gun while rats did not lick the quinine-adulterated food. Accordingly, it was strongly suggested that bait-shyness with norbormide was induced by poison-based shyness.
View full abstract
-
Masaharu EGUCHI, Keiji YAMAUCHI
1983 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages
252-261
Published: May 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The proteolytic enzyme from midgut epithelia of the silkworm, Bombyx mori was solubilized with Lubrol WX, partially purified and characterized. The solubilized protease coincided with digestive fluid protease-6B2 in its elution position on a Sepharose 6B column, which suggests the conversion of the former into the latter in vivo. The purified protease rapidly hydrolyzed Hammarsten casein but serum albumin very slowly. The optimum pH of this enzyme was 11.3, and Km value was estimated as 0.83 mg/ml. The protease activity was strongly inhibited by DFP, PMSF and TLCK, but not sensitive to EDTA or IAA, therefore this is conceived to be a serine-type protease having a histidine at the active site of trypsin. The tissueprotease was similar to the digestive fluid protease-6B2 in the molecular weight, substrate specificity and effect of inhibitors. Considering results, the relationship between proteases from the midgut lumen and epithelia is discussed.
View full abstract
-
Arthur H. MCINTOSH, Carlo M. IGNOFFO
1983 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages
262-269
Published: May 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Five cell lines established from pupal ovaries of 2 species of Heliothis are described and characterized as to cellular morphology, growth, chromosome number, and isozyme-isoelectric focusing patterns. Cells of all 5 lines ranged in shape from subspherical to elipsoid. Maximum cell population of H. zea-derived lines ranged from 9.97±0.32×10X
5 to 12.00±0.44×10X
5 cells/ml, X
2 and those from the 2 H. virescens-derived lines averaged 9.82±0.54×10X
5 and 10.85±0.44×10X
5 cells/ml. Cell doubling time of the H. virescens lines averaged ca. 37 h and for H. Zea lines ca. 31 h. Rate of growth among the 5 lines differed little. No distinct chromosome markers were detected in any of the lines, and chromosomes were typical of those described from other species of Lepidoptera. More than 90% of the cells contained 40 to 180 chromosomes/cell. Isoelectric focusing employing the enzyme phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI) clearly differentiated between cell lines of H. zea and H. virescens as well as between the three H. zea cell lines.
View full abstract
-
Yukio ISHIKAWA, Toshiaki IKESHOJI, Yoshiharu MATSUMOTO, Masaaki TSUTSU ...
1983 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages
270-277
Published: May 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
2-Phenylethanol was identified as a potent attractant for onion and seed-corn flies by chemical analysis of aged onion pulp, which was highly attractive for these insects in the field. After filtration, steam-distillation and extraction with ether, the attractive compounds in the aged onion pulp were found to move into the acidic and neutral fraction. Analysis of the neutral fraction by GC and GC-MS revealed the presence of iso-butyl alcohol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, iso-amyl alcohol and 2-phenylethanol, the last two compounds being the major constituents. Only 2-phenylethanol showed moderate attractancy to the onion fly in laboratory bioassay. As 2-phenylethanol alone could not explain the high attractancy of aged onion pulp, some unidentified minor constituents were considered to be important in this manifestion. Despite the moderate attractancy of 2-phenylethanol in laboratory test, this compound showed high attractancy to onion and seed-corn flies in the field. The attractancy to the onion fly was about the same as the fresh onion pulp, which had about half the attractancy of the aged onion pulp. Attractancy to the seed-corn fly, particularly to the male, was quite high. 2-Phenylethanol caught 6 and 3 times as many male and female seed-corn flies as the fresh onion pulp, respectively.
View full abstract
-
Toshiaki SHIMIZU, Shigemi YAGI
1983 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages
278-280
Published: May 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
J.M. MKHIZE, A.P. GUPTA
1983 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages
281-283
Published: May 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Kunihiko NABA, Keiichi NAKAZAWA, Hideaki HAYASHI
1983 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages
284-286
Published: May 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Atsushi MOCHIZUKI, Yukio ISHIKAWA, Yoshiharu MATSUMOTO
1983 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages
286-287
Published: May 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Tuyosi SUGIMOTO, Takuo IMOARAI, Hirohumi TSUJI
1983 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages
287-289
Published: May 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Takaaki ITO
1983 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages
289-292
Published: May 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Yoshio TAMAKI, HAjime SUGIE, Masaru OSAKABE, Philip SONNET
1983 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages
292-294
Published: May 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS