-
Shigeru ONO
1982 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
1-7
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The role of juvenile hormone on caste determination was investigated in the ant, Pheidole fervida SMITH, whose colony is comprised of three castes, worker, soldier and queen. The activities of the corpora allata (CA) of the three castes were evaluated by measuring the CA volume through the 3rd (last) instar and prepupal stage. Among the three castes, the volume of CA was largest in the queen, intermediate in the soldier, and smallest in the worker. Various doses of juvenile hormone analogue (JHA) were applied topically to the larvae, eggs and nursing adults. The results suggest that soldier determination occurs at least in the 3rd larval instar by JHA treatment and that the queen may be determined in the same way.
View full abstract
-
Masaaki YONEDA
1982 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
8-19
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
In order to study the effect of predation on a rodent population, it is necessary to estimate accurate numbers of living rodents and of those consumed by predators. As a first step, the author studied population changes in small rodents for the 5 years from 1974 to 1978 in Koshimizu in eastern Hokkaido, Japan. The number of rodents and their biomass were estimated as available food sources for foxes. Definite seasonal variations in the number of rodents were found but there was no remarkable outbreak. Some factors which cause erroneous estimation of rodent numbers are also discussed.
View full abstract
-
Shigeru KIMURA
1982 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
20-31
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Chitobiase was purified from larval integument of Bombyx mori at apolysis by column chromatography as reported for haemolymph β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (KIMURA, 1976 a). Purification was approximately 320-fold with a yield of 11.2%, and the purified preparation had a specific activity 125 units/mg protein. The isoelectric point (pI 4.9) was more acidic than haemolymph β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (pI 5.1) and the cuticle enzyme was less stable to acetate and dilution. Binding of the cuticle enzyme on colloidal chitin was greater than the haemolymph enzyme. The yield of chitobiase by the chitin-adsorption method was about one-fourth that of chitinase.
View full abstract
-
Jun TAGAWA, Toshitaka HIDAKA
1982 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
32-39
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Mating behaviour of Apanteles glomeratus was investigated. Mating sequence of the male consisted of wing vibration, approach to the female, visual recognition of the female, antennal contact to female wings, mounting and copulation. Female was passive throughout the sequence. To ensure successful mating, there existed a simple factor which determined a correct orientation of male to female. It was the position of the female wings prior to male's mounting. When mounting, the male was supposed to get the information of his direction from the female wings at the time of antennal contact, because most of the males mounted the female with inversely fixed wings from the front. The fact suggested that the correct orientation of male to female in mounting was determined by the female wings.
View full abstract
-
Shozo EHARA
1982 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
40-45
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Amblyseius (Amblyseius) alpicola n. sp. and Amblyseius (Indoseiulus) liturivorus n. sp. from Honshu were described and illustrated. A.(A.) alpicola was taken from Acer on Shiga Heights, Nagano Prefecture, and from Alnus on Mt. Daisen, Tottori Prefecture. A.(I.) liturivorus was found to prey on spider mites of Tetranychus and young larvae of Spodoptera litura (FABRICIUS) on soy bean in a greenhouse of Wakayama Prefecture.
View full abstract
-
Yasuhira TOMINAGA, Atsushi NAGASE, Yasumasa KUWAHARA, Ryozo SUGAWARA
1982 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
46-51
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Aggregation of Bursaphelenchus lignicolus to several compounds containing oleyl group was investigated. Pads of absorbent cotton were placed in the center of petri dishes containing agar. The nematodes reared on the colonies of Botrytis cinerea were released on the pads. Round, polyethylene pieces, one left untreated and the other two or three treated with different test chemicals, were evenly laid around the center, with the treated faces against the agar. After incubation in darkness at 25°C for 5 days, the nematodes under the pieces were counted. The differences among the treatments were statistically analysed using 10 or 20 replicates. 1-Monoolein exhibited a significant attracting effect, but hydrogenation, epoxidation and trans isomerization of the cis double bond caused the effect to disappear. Ethylene glycol monooleate, which has one hydroxyl group instead of two, exhibited an activity some-what lower than that of 1-monoolein. Oleic acid and oleyl alcohol were also active, but definitely inferior to 1-monoolein. Oleoyl amide was not active. Under the pieces treated with oleylamines, a large number of dead nematodes accumulated, probably due to their toxic effect.
View full abstract
-
Osamu IMURA
1982 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
52-59
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Effects of six environmental factors, i.e. medium, lighting conditions, crowding, starvation, relative humidity, and temperature, on the larval pigmentation of Ephestia kuhniella ZELLER were studied using two pure lines which differed in colour. Except for the lighting conditions, the other five environmental factors affected larval pigmentation. Degree of pigmentation in larval integument increased when larvae were reared on wheatfeed and rice bran and decreased when they were reared on corn flour. High population density, more than 3 days' starvation, and low relative humidity increased larval pigmentation. Especially temperature had the most marked effect, namely the higher the temperature, the darker the larval colour became. Interactions between genotype and environmental factors, such as medium, crowding, relative humidity, and temperature, were found.
View full abstract
-
Shohko OBATA, Toshitaka HIDAKA
1982 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
60-66
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The mating behavior of the male Tenebrio molitor to individual female was experimentally analyzed. Male attractance of the female increased according to her age after adult emergence. The position of the male relative to the female's body axis was random, at least at the time of mounting, and the rate of successful copulation was low in spite of frequent copulatory attempts. Simultaneous removal of both antennae and maxillary palpi completely inhibited male mating behavior, but removal of either the antennae or the palpi was compensated by the others. Some characteristics of the mating behavior of T. molitor are not as disadvantageous as they seem, considering the crowded state in which this species lives.
View full abstract
-
Shoji ASANO, Masaharu KAMEI
1982 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
67-74
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Ovicidal activity of cycloprate (ZARDEXX
(R), ZR-0856, hexadecyl cyclopropanecarboxylate) for the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (KOCH), the citrus red mite, P. citri (MCGREGOR), the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae KOCH, the kanzawa spider mite, T. kanzawai KISHIDA, and the desert spider mite, T. desertorum BANKS, was evaluated in laboratory bioassays with a leaf disk technique and a tower spray apparatus. The activity of this compound was also investigated in relation to the host plant species. The amount of spray deposits on the leaf disk of different plant species did not differ, but the ovicidal activity of cycloprate was affected considerably by the plant species rather than the mite species. In bioassays with the same plant species, there was no difference in the susceptibility to cycloprate among the five mite species. The physical and physiological properties of plant leaves appeared to influence the ovicidal activity of acaricides in laboratory bioassays with the leaf disk technique.
View full abstract
-
Shinkichi KOMAZAKI
1982 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
75-81
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Three species of aphid attacking on citrus were studied about effects of constant temperatures on population growth in growth cabinets. Pre-reproductive period, longevity, fecundity, age-specific survival rate and age-specific fecundity were calculated. From these data, the intrinsic rate of natural increase, net reproductive rate and mean generation time were estimated. Temperature at which the intrinsic rate of natural increase became maximum was near 27°C for Toxoptera citricidus and Aphis citricola, but for Aphis gossypii, this was near 22°C. From the curve of the intrinsic rate of natural increase, these species were compared with other aphid species and their adaptability to temperature was discussed.
View full abstract
-
Masahiko KUWAHARA, Tadashi MIYATA, Tetsuo SAITO, Morifusa ETO
1982 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
82-91
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Organophosphorus insecticide resistance in the Kanzawa spider mite is associated with an increase in esterase activity to naphthyl acetate, tributyrin, phenyl acetate and methyln-butyrate. All of these esters except phenyl acetate are hydrolyzed by esterase (aliesterase) which is resistant to eserine inhibition and heat labile in slightly alkaline media, whereas an appreciable part of phenyl acetate hydrolysis is due to cholinesterase which is sensitive to eserine inhibition. A good correlation between aliesterase activity (naphthyl acetate hydrolyzing activity) and co-toxicity coefficient of a mixture of malathion and K-1 in organophosphorus insecticide resistant strains was recognized. Tributyrin acts as a competitive inhibitor for β-naphthyl acetate hydrolysis and phenyl acetate acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor. No inhibition of β-naphthyl acetate hydrolysis was observed when methyl-n-butyrate was added.
View full abstract
-
Yoshiaki KONO
1982 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
92-101
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
When adult beetles were reared normally on host plant foliage under a short day, they lost sensitivity to a long photoperiod after the 6th day of adult life, ceased feeding and entered diapause on about the 17th day. Fat bodies, including those surrounding the brain, developed markedly to fully occupy the body cavity during this period. If the amount of feeding was limited to 35-40% of normal, the fat body development was delayed and photoperiodic sensitivity to a long day was maintained until the 12th day of adult life. Furthermore, limited feeding after photoperiodic sensitivity was lost, causing an elongation of the prediapause period. In adults which responded to the photoperiodic change to a long day, paraldehyde fuchsin positive materials in the neurosecretory cells in the pars intercerebralis decreased and the diameter of the corpus allatum increased, showing a high activity of the brain-corpus allatum endocrine system. While in the adult showing no response, the neurosecretory cells and corpus allatum showed appearances of decreased activity. It was concluded from these results that the neurosecretory cells in the pars intercerebralis lose their sensitivity to the long photoperiod in the course of the fat body development in adults exposed to a short day, and they enter diapause when the neurosecretory cells become more inactive.
View full abstract
-
Yooichi KAINOH, Takayuki HIYORI, Yoshio TAMAKI
1982 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
102-110
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The host-finding behavior of the egg-larval parasitoid, Ascogaster reticulatus WATANABE (Braconidae), was observed and the chemical properties of ovipositional stimulant (kairomone) were examined. Once the female wasp contacted a host egg mass of the smaller teatortrix (STT) moth, Adoxophyes sp., the antennal-host-searching and ovipositor-host-searching behavior were sequentially observed. The chemicals, soluble in polar solvents, on the egg mass were found to be the stimuli to release this behavior. The kairomonal activity was found in a female pupa; meconium, adult excretion, wings, and haemolymph in both sexes but with stronger activity in females. Female abdominal contents and the ovary were most active. The kairomone, extracted with water and 70% ethanol, was heat-stable and consisted of at least two components with different molecular weights. Besides the water-soluble chemical(s), a rather weakly active hexane-soluble chemical(s) was found in the egg-mass extract.
View full abstract
-
Tadashi TERUYA, Koji ISOBE
1982 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
111-118
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
To evaluate the sexual competitiveness of irradiated male melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae, the effect of alternate mating on mating receptivity and fertility of the melon fly female was examined. Flies were irradiated two days before adult eclosion with 7 kR of gamma radiation. The receptivity to a second mating of females mated first with irradiated males was almost equal to that of females first mated with normal males. The change in fertility of females mated first with irradiated males and then with normal males was larger than that of females mated first with normal males and then with irradiated males. Fertility of above two types of the females was lower than that of females mated once with normal males. The frequency distribution of percent hatch of eggs laid by females mated successively with normal and irradiated males and vice versa are also described. As there is the tendency to monogamy in the melon fly, irradiated males may work satisfactorily in an eradication program, though the competitiveness of sperm from the irradiated males is thought to be less than that from the normal males.
View full abstract
-
Terumi IKAWA, Yoshito SUZUKI
1982 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
119-126
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The gregarious parasitoid, Apanteles glomeratus, oviposits in the larvae of Pieris rapae crucivora. We investigated to find how the previous experiences of the wasp in oviposition influence the degree of host discrimination. The oviposition time and the number of eggs laid in a host had a positive correlationship. Therefore oviposition time was used as an index of the number of eggs laid. The wasp could innately discriminate between the parasitized and unparasitied hosts and laid fewer eggs into the former than into the latter. The more the wasps had oviposited in unparasitized hosts just before encountering the parasitized host, the less number of eggs they laid into the latter; moreover they tended to reject the parasitized hosts. The wasp also reduced the number of eggs laid in an unparasitized host when she oviposited in them successively at short intervals. These results indicate that the wasp could estimate the density of unparasitized hosts by the frequency of oviposition and could control the number of eggs laid. These phenomena were explained by the assumption that the wasp, based on the presumed density of the unparasitized hosts, behaves to maximize her own inclusive fitness throughout her life.
View full abstract
-
Yasumasa KUWAHARA
1982 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
127-132
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Thirty-one monoterpenoids and one non-terpenoid related to the alarm pheromone of the mold mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, were provided either by purchase or by derivation starting from available compounds, and assayed for their biological activities. The most active compound besides the pheromone was a synthetic non-natural terpenoid, (Z)-3, 7-dimethyl-2-octenyl formate, which exhibited equal activity to the pheromone (1-10 ppm). Presence of (Z)-allylic primary alcohol moiety in an acyclic monoterpenoid skeleton was essential for developing the alarm pheromone activity. None of the cyclic monoterpenoids showed pheromone activity except thymol (100-1, 000 ppm).
View full abstract
-
Susumu TAKEDA, Kyoichi KINOMURA, Hironori SAKURAI
1982 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
133-135
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Masahiro KOHNO
1982 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
135-136
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Tadako UNO, Akira ISOGAI, Akinori SUZUKI
1982 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
137-139
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Tuyosi SUGIMOTO, Issei YASUDA, Michiko ONO, Shigeru MATSUNAGA
1982 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
139-143
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Noriaki AGUI, Kiyoshi HIRUMA
1982 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
144-146
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Fusao NAKASUJI
1982 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
146-148
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Akio OTAKE
1982 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages
148-150
Published: February 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS