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Kensuke ITO, Kazumi KOBAYASHI
1993 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
1-10
Published: February 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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In a young Japanese cedar plantation cryptomeria bark borer Semanotus japonicus LACORDAIRE adults emerged from each tree were counted by noting emergence holes for each generation over a period of population increase and decline from 1976 to 1985. Adults began to emerge in 1976. Thereafter, the mean number of adults emerged per tree increased and reached a maximum (7.4 adults per tree) in 1982. The distribution pattern of the emergence holes appearing annually on the host trees changed considerably during the outbreak. The logarithm of the number of adults emerged from each tree correlated positively with tree diameter at breast height (DBH) which was measured in 1979. Most of the trees that the borer killed had previously produced many more adult borers than the trees that had survived the infestation.
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Kimiko OKABE
1993 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
11-18
Published: February 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Population growth of Histiogaster sp. was observed on three well-known Imperfect fungi (Aspergillus oryzae, A. niger and Fusarium oxysporum), five popular Basidiomycetes (commercial mushrooms of Lentinus edodes, Pholiota nameko, Pleurotus ostreatus, Flammulina velutipes and Grifola frondosa) and an important mushroom pest fungus (Hypocrea nigricans). The mites showed steady population growth on most of the Imperfect fungi and on H. nigricans. Hypocrea nigricans and A. niger, among those, provided a high growth rate of the mite population. In Basidiomycetes, the mites showed a high growth rate on F. velutipes, but no sign of growth was observed on L. edodes. The mites grew well at 25°C and 30°C but did not grow at all at 15°C. When mite density reached a high level they started to crawl off the culture and escape. Escaping mites most frequently reached a fresh nearby plate of H. nigricans, where they established well. Some mites, mostly in hypopi stage, even moved to a PDA plate without any fungus. This suggests that this mite species may become a serious pest for culturing fungi.
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Masaharu KAMEI, Atushi KAMADA, Yosaburou UTSUMI, Takashi ISHI
1993 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
19-25
Published: February 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The effects of methoprene (isopropyl 11-methoxy-3, 7, 11-trimethyldodeca-2, 4-dienoate) and its slow-release formulation, Altosid[○!R] 10F containing 10% methoprene, were evaluated against Psychoda alternata both in laboratory and field conditions. Methoprene was effective on P. alternata, causing larval death, pupal death, failure of emergence, and abnormal adults. The IC
50 values of methoprene and its slow-release formulation were 0.0014 μg/ml and 0.0023 μg/ml, respectively. Three seconds subversion of the 4th instar larvae in this slow-release formulation (3.9 μg/ml methoprene) produced a marked emergence inhibition effect. A field test was conducted against a natural population of P. alternata in a 10-person septic tank in Naruto City. After the introduction of 2.5 g of this slow-release formulation into the tank, the adults of P. alternata disappeared 1 week after the treatment for a period of over two months.
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Kunio ARAYA
1993 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
27-33
Published: February 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Relationship between the decay types (white, brown and soft rot) in dead wood and occurrence of lucanid beetles (Coleoptera : Lucanidae) was studied in the field. Of the 292 wood pieces examined, 223 (76.4%) were classified with white rot, 29 (9.9%) with brown rot and 24 (8.2%) with soft rot. The rest were unclassifiable. A total of 595 lucanid beetles ( larvae and newly emerged adults) belonging to 8 species (6 genera) were collected from the examined wood. No significant relationship with the decay types was observed in most lucanid species (Prismognathus angularis, Macrodorcas striatipennis, Nipponodorcus montivagus, N. rubrofemoratus and Platycerus delicatulus). However, the occurrence of Ceruchus lignarius and Aesalus asiaticus was significantly concentrated in brown rot, and that of Platycerus acuticollis in soft rot. Moreover, significant positive associations were observed between P. angularis and M. striatipennis and between P. angularis and N. rubrofemoratus, whereas no significant interspecific association was observed for the rest of the species pairs.
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Manabu SHIBAO, Fukusaburo TANAKA, Kenji FUJISAKI, Fusao NAKASUJI
1993 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
35-41
Published: February 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Effects of lateral shoot cutting on population density of the chillie thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis HOOD, on grape, cultivar Neo Muscat, were investigated in Okayama in 1990, Two experimental plots were designed, with cut or uncut lateral shoots. The numbers of adults and larvae collected by washing were much smaller in the cut plot than in the uncut plot, suggesting that their occurrence on shoots was influenced by the quantity of available resources (lateral shoots). On the other hand, the number of catches with yellow sticky traps was much greater in the cut plot than in the uncut plot. Results suggested that the number of catches reflected the frequency of adult dispersal and that the dispersal was more frequent in the cut plot because of the resource shortage. The number of the trap catches reflected the population fluctuation in each of the two plots, although the regression coefficient (X: the number of adults collected by washing method, Y: catches by yellow sticky trap) was extremely different between the two plots. Degree of damage to the fruit cluster did not differ between the two plots.
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Toyomi KOTAKI, Hiroshi NAKAKITA, Masahiko KUWAHARA
1993 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
43-52
Published: February 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Larvae of a beetle, Tribolium freemani HINTON, showed similar patterns of increase in head capsule size under both isolated and crowded conditions during the first seven larval stadia. Isolated larvae then pupated about 28 d after hatching. Under crowded conditions, larvae continued to undergo larval ecdyses without any further increase in head capsule width, suggesting the occurrence of stationary larval ecdysis. When larvae were transferred from crowded conditions to isolated conditions on day 25 or later, pupation soon followed. The time required fro pupation after the transfer was almost constant. Synthetic JH I and JHAs (methoprene and pyriproxyfen) inhibited pupation of crowded larvae even after isolation, and induced stationary larval ecdysis, mimicking the effect of crowding. These results support the hypothesis that crowding inhibits pupation through inducing relatively high JH titres in larvae of this species.
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Koji HORI, Akio KIMURA
1993 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
53-58
Published: February 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The critical photoperiod for reproductive diapause in Eysarcoris lewisi DISTANT was between 15L-9D and 15.5L-8.5D. The 5th instar and the adult stages were sensitive to photoperiod, a stimulus for reproductive diapause. When the bugs were reared under 16L-8D during the nymphal period and then were switched to 12L-12D in the adult stage, no females laid eggs. The preoviposition period of females which experienced 12L-12D at least in the 5th instar was longer than that of the females which experienced 16L-8D. The 3rd instar was a stage sensitive to photoperiod which was a stimulus for nymphal growth; the nymphs reared under 12L-12D in the 3rd instar grew more quickly in the following 4th and/or the 5th instars than those under 16L-8D in the 3rd instar.
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Masanori OI, Walter Curl DAUTERMAN, Naoki MOTOYAMA
1993 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
59-69
Published: February 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The internal dynamics of diazinon and diazoxon when administered by injection were studied in a susceptible and resistant strain of housefly. Fliers which received diazinon by injection showed only a small interstrain difference in the internal amount of diazinon. In contrast, large interstrain difference was observed in the internal amount of diazoxon when the fliers received diazinon or diazoxon by injection. Several kinetic models were postulated and examined to describe the internal dynamics of diazinon. Interstrain comparison of the kinetic parameter values estimated by computer simulation revealed that high degradation of diazoxon played an important role. It is also suggested that high degradation of diazinon and less activation are responsible for the decreased accumulation of diazoxon.
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Akihiro MIYANOSHITA, Shozo KAWAI, Koichi FUJII
1993 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
71-80
Published: February 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Morphological differences and host preference in two forms of Aspidiotus cryptomeriae KUWANA associated with Cryptomeria japonica D. DON and Torreya nucifera SIEB. et ZUCC. were examined in the Kanto district, Japan. Adult males and females showed statistically significant differences in some characters. However, it was impossible to divide specimens perfectly by using any one of these characters. Linear discriminant analysis using combinations of several characteristics successfully (>99%) discriminated them. Two sympatrical populations of adult females collected at the same stand were correctly classified by linear discriminant functions. Tests of forced host preference to five conifers indicated that each population was monophagous. The present study suggests strongly that these two forms are distinct host races. If the same holds true in other parts of Japan, these races might be considered to have differentiated into distinct species.
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Keiko NIIJIMA
1993 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
81-87
Published: February 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The amino acids required for the larval development of a lacewing, Chrysopa septempunctata, was investigated using chemically defined diets. The composition of the basic diet consisted of 23 amino acids (AA), sucrose, cholesterol, 6 fatty acids, 5 organic acids, 11 minerals and 17 vitamins. Five AA (β-alanine, glutamine, asparagine, cystine and γ-aminobutyric acid) could be omitted with no deterioration in larval development. No larvae could molt to the 2nd instar on diets lacking any of the "essential" 10 amino acids. Diets with only these 10 essential AA sustained larval development with some deterioration. When the quantity of amino acids was low, the larval period was prolonged.
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Keiko NIIJIMA
1993 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
89-95
Published: February 25, 1993
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Vitamin requirements of Chrysopa septempunctata were investigated using chemically-defined diets. A vitamin mixture containing 17 vitamins sustained larval development. When all the vitamins were removed from the diet, all larvae died in several days. An increase in the amount of vitamins in the mixture did not improve development. Choline chloride, nicotinic acid and Ca-pantothenate are essential for larval development. Omission of thiamine, riboflavin and folic acid also reduced the emergence ratio and prolonged the developmental period in the first generation. The requirements for other water-soluble vitamins are relatively low but some deterioration appeared in successive generations. No necessity for fat-soluble vitamins was observed over three generations. Further effects of carotenoid deficiency on photoperiodic induction of diapause were not recognized in several generations.
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Yoshitsugu NASU, Kenjiro KAWASAKI, Norio ARAKAKI
1993 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
97-101
Published: February 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Statherotis discana (FELDER et ROGENHOFER), a pest of litchi, is redescribed with the figures of male adult and male and female genitalia. Immature stages are described and illustrated for the first time with biological notes from Okinawa Is., Japan.
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Mitsuaki SHIMAZU, Wataru MITSUHASHI, Hoshimi HASHIMOTO, Takahiro OZAWA
1993 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
103-105
Published: February 25, 1993
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Hiroaki FUJIMOTO, Akio TAKAFUJI
1993 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
106-108
Published: February 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Takahisa SUZUKI, Kazuo HAGA, Masaki IZUNO, Shigeru MATSUYAMA, Yasumasa ...
1993 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
108-112
Published: February 25, 1993
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Kenji FUJISAKI
1993 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
112-115
Published: February 25, 1993
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Hiroshi KAJITA
1993 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
115-117
Published: February 25, 1993
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Kenzo KAWAI, Chika TAKAHASHI, Atsushi NUMATA, Sergey CHERNYSH, Alexand ...
1993 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
118-121
Published: February 25, 1993
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Tomohiro ONO
1993 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
121-124
Published: February 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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