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Yasutaka SEKIJIMA, Yuriko FUJIKURA, Keiko ONO
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
403-409
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Detection of heat-stable somatic antigens (HSSA) specific to the type strains of 17 B. thuringiensis subspecies was examined using antisera absorbed with heterologous strains. HSSA of the 17 type strains was classified into 10 specific antigens and 3 group-specific antigens : thuringiensis, finitimus, sotto, dendrolimus, canadensis, subtoxicus, entomocidus, toumanoffii, thomposoni, kenyae, kurstaki-galleriae-aizawai, alesti-darmstadiensis and morrisoni-tolworthi.The precipitation reaction test showed that HSSA was also present in the supernatant of the heat-treated cell suspension.
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Ikuro HONDA, Yukiko ISHIKAWA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
410-416
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Electrophysiological Experiments were conducted to confirm the functions of the dorsal and the anteriro organs of the onion fly larva Hylemya antique MEIGEN, which had been considered morphologically to be olfactory and gustatory. The dome of the dorsal organ responded to di-n-propyldisulfide, the onion odour and ethyl acetate, and thus proved to have an olfactory function. The anterior organ responded to 1 M solutions of various sugars and salts, and was thus confirmed to have a gustatory function.
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Ikuro HONDA, Yukio ISHIKAWA, Yoshiharu MATSUMOTO
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
417-423
Published: November 25, 1987
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Electrophysiological studies were conducted on the antennal olfactory cells of the female onion fly, Hylemya antiqua MEIGEN. From the surface of the funicle, 2 types of cells were found : one type which esponds well to di-n-propyldisulfide but little to ethyl acetate (DNPD-cell), and the other responding to ehyl acetate but not to di-n-propyldisulfide (EA-cell). The NDPD-cell responded to onion odour as well. Among the di-n-alkyldisulfides of alkyl chain length 1 to 5, the DNPD-cell showed high specificity to di-n-propyldisulfide. Although both types responded to n-alcohols, the DNPD-cell was more responsive to heptanol and octanol, white the EA-cell to pentanol and hexanol. Neither type responded to 2-phenylethanol or n-valeric acid. The sensillum that contains these cells appears to be basiconic sensillum.
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Shoji ASANO, Eiichi KUWANO, Morifusa ETO
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
424-433
Published: November 25, 1987
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Silkworm larvae. Bombyx mori L., 3rd and 4th (Penultimate) instars, were treated with an anti-juvenile hormone, 1-citronellyl-5-phenylimidazole (KK-22) in the artificial diet. Relationships between larval body weights at the end of instar and head capsule width of the next instar were investigated to confirm the presence of threshold size factors for precodicous metamorphosis. The 4th instar larvae with head capsule width wider than 2.9 mm after treatments of KK-22 at the 3rd instar were induced into precocious pupation. The 4th instar larvae applied with KK-22 increased their body weight during the instar, and a precocious pupation was observed in larvae with body weight of 1.6 times that of controls. Both head capsule width and body weight at presumed final instar seemed important factors for precocious metamorphosis.
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Shohko OBATA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
434-442
Published: November 25, 1987
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The behavior of male Harmonia axyridis prior to and during copulation was studied.First, in order to investigate mate recognition by males, several kinds of models were presented to males and their response was observed. It was inferred that visual factors such as body size and shape were involved in mate recognition by males in a close idstance. Some chemical factor was suggested to be the main factor to release male copulatory behavior. Second, "body shaking", a characteristic behavior of a male during copulation, was analyzed in detail. This behavior was regular and rigid, and such characteristics suggested the direct control by the nervous system. By the experimental interruption of copulation, it was confirmed that body shaking was the process of sperm transfer. The mode of sperm transfer by spermatophore formation was also clarified.
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Hiroaki NODA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
443-448
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Based on cytoplasmic incompatibility, Japanese local populations of Laodelphax striatellus are divided into two groups in accordance with their localities : northeastern and southwestern. Crosses between females of northeastern group and males of southwestern one were sterile whereas the reciprocal crosses were fertile. Test crosses of three newly collected populations, Ishigaki, Kagoshima, and a migrant population from the East China Sea showed that all three belonged to the southwestern group in regard to their crossing type. Some eggs, however, deposited by incompatible male and female pairs exceptionally developed to symphs. To examine wehtherthe nymphs were hybrids, crossing experiments were undertaken between red-eyed mutant females of the northeastern group and black-eyed wild type males of the southwestern. The mutant gene of red eye was recessive on an autosome and was inherited by F
2 ir BC
1 generations through these crosses. It is, therefore, concluded that normal fertilization occurred in some incompatible eggs.
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Osamu IMURA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
449-455
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Demographic studies were carried out for Tribolium freemani HINTON on a wheat shorts or wheat flour medium under a laboratory condition (32.5°C and 73% r.h.). The sex ratio determined at pupal stage was 1 : 1. The mean lonevity of females and males was 329.1 and 346.7 days, respectively. The survivorship curves for both sexes were negatively skewed rectangular type. A female produced ca 1, 000 eggs during her enitre life. The intrinsic rate of increase (r
m) was 0.073 per day, the net reproductive rate (R
0) was 351 and the mean generation time (T) 80.6 days. T.freemani had a relatively low age specific reproductive value (v
x) which was retained for a long period. Ecological and pest status of T. freemani, in comparison with other Tribolium species ofstored-product pests, was discussed.
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Yoshihiro YAMADA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
456-464
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Observations and experiments were carried out indoors to clarify some features of the oviposition of Chrysis shanghaiensis. The behavior of oviposition was described. It took 62.5 min on an average to lay an egg. The female wasp laid at most three eggs a day, and 28.7 eggs during her whole life. She did not attack host cocoons on days when the maximum temperature in the rearing room was less than 22°C. When the host inside the cocoon was dead, the female laid no egg in the cocoon. There was no difference between cocoons with a prepupa and those with a pupa in the probabliliy of the wasp's laying an egg, the survival rate of the wasp during the egg to pupal stages, or the body size of the adult wasp which emerged.
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Kazutaka SHINODA, Toshiharu YOSHIDA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
465-473
Published: November 25, 1987
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The effect of adult feeding on fungi, the powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea (S.) POLLICCI) and the rust (Uromyces azukicola S. HIRATA) was analyzed on adult longevity and fecundity. Seasonal changes in the number of immigrants of the azuki bean weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis L., into the azuki bean field were determined. Longevity and fecundity after their immigration were investigatd on the host plant, Vigna angularis W., growing in the bena field. When the powdery mildew and the rust were supplied to newly emerged adults, their mean longevity elongated to three times that of control without food supply and the total number of eggs increased to about twice that of the control. The immigration of the weevils into the field was observed continuously from late August to late October, and was found to be most frequent in early September. Maximum longevity of the immigrans was 51 days in female and 39 days in male; both periods were shorter in later immigration. Females immigrating into the field were meature, but they never oviposited before the pods had matured. They laid eggs only on mature pods in the field from mid-September to mid-October. Females which immigrated in early or late September laid most of their eggs in late September.
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Toshiaki IKESHOJI, Hang Hen YAP
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
474-481
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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To monitor new emergence of males of Culex quinquefasciatus and ealuate the chemosterilizing effect of hempa-treated sound traps, a field experiment was conducted in a 2.2-haresidential area in a suburb of Butterworth, Malaysia, from July 6 to August 25, 1986. In the initial 20-day trapping experiment, an average of 55.6 males were caught per trap per day. The total number aught in 15 traps could be correlated to new emergence of males, which was sampled by a 5-min net sweep. In the following 20-day experiment with 13 sterilant-treated sound traps, 17.1% egg rafts and 7.8% of the eggs in these rafts were sterile, while those in the pretreatment period were 4.2% and 1.8%, respectively. This moderate percentage of sterile egg rafts was expected because of mosquito migration from the unisolated experimental area and possibly because of insufficient attractancy of the sound trap. The low sterility of each egg raft was presumed due to the low efficacy of hempa used and to flowout of the treated sterilant from the upper inside wall of the sound trap which most males contacted.
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Hitoshi KAWAMOTO, Nobuo OHKUBO, Keizi KIRITANI
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
482-492
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The feeding behavior of the adults on soybean pods was observed for four stink bug species, Halyomorpha mista UHLER (Penttomidae), Riptortus clavatus THUNBERG (Alydidae), Nezara antennata SCOTT (Pentatomidae) and Piezodorus hybneri GMELIN (Pentatomidae) in the laboratory. The feeding duration and frequency per day were examined for each species. An exponential distribution was fitted to the observed frequency distribution of feeding duration. The insects randomly selected beans for feeding irrespective of the bean size and injury history of the bean except for the small and severely injured bean. The distribution of the total feeding duration per bean was expressed by a compound Poisson distribution. These matchematical models described the relationship between the insect density and bean damage.
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Kailash Narain SAXENA, Jeremiah Dickens ONYANGO
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
493-498
Published: November 25, 1987
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Different colour papers have been shown to attrat the first and third instar larvae of Chilo partellus in different degrees. Green bice (No. 329) and light green (No. 323) elicited maximum larval attraction; followed by foliage green (No. 328) and cadmium yellow (No. 307). The green bice paper has been found to be much more effective than foliage green or cadmium yellow aper as a cylindrical sticky trap for the larvae. Even when competing with the host plant, sorghum, these colour paper traps proved more effective than the plants for attracting and trapping the larvae.
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Masachika HIRANO
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
499-503
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Although fenpropathrin possessed leaving activities to the carmine spider mite, the mites did not avoid leaf discs treated with 1 ppm of this compound when both treated and untreated leaf discs were placed alternaterly. The mites whcih arrived at the untreated leaf discs stayed there for an average of 83 seconds, while those arriving at the treated discs moved away without feeding. When the mites were dipped into 0.1 or 1.0 ppm solution of fenpropathrin and then were released at the center of a filter paper (11 cm in diameter), they moved straighter and left the filter paper more promptly than untreated mites did. From these results, this type of action of fenpropathrin can be called a locomoter stimulant. The sensitive sites of the carmine spider mite to fenpropathrin seemed to be on their legs or gnathosoma.
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Yoshiaki KONO, Yasuo SATO
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
504-511
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Every tissue of a Spodoptera larva has more than two tissue specific AliEs separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. All AliEs were strongly inhibited by fenitroxon showing high affinity to this compound. Spodoptera larvae are rather tolerant to the mother compound, fenitrothion. To the contrary, most AliEs except for 3 of the midgut were not sensitive to TIA-230 which shows potent insecticidal activity to the larva. These results suggest the sequestration of fenitroxon by AliEs to be one of the degrading functions in the larva. AliE inhibited by fenitroxon restored 1/2 activity in 10 hr, and haemolymph AliE seemed to be newly synthesized through the larval development. From the result of experiments mixing haemolymph with fenitroxon solution at different ratios, capacity of the sequestration of haemolymph was estimated to be over 0.31 μg in a matured larva, a level comparable to LD-50 by injection of fenitroxon.
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Wataru ASHIHARA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
512-518
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Establishment of Panonychus citri (McGREGOR) population on field-grown soybeans and kudzu-vines was observed in late autumn at Akitsu in Hiroshima Pref. Development and reproduction of five P. citri populations collected from different localities in Japan were examined on three leguminous plant species, viz. kidney bean, kudzu-vine and white clover, and citrus. Four populations collected from citrus (Hiratsuka, Shimizu and Akitsu-citrus) and soybean (Akitsu-bean) were a non-diapause strain. The other was a diapause strain collected from Japanese pear (Izumo). In all the five populations, successful development and eproduction were observed on kidney bean and kudzu-vine, though total egg production was about one half that on citrus. On white clover, individuals from the Hiratsuka and Shimizu populations developed to the adult but the total egg production was much smaller than that on kidney bean and kudzu-vine. The Izumo population did not reach adulthood on clover. Individuals from the Akitsu-bean population which had been reared on kidney bean for 9 months developed to the adult and the females oviposited on citrus, as did the Akitsu-citrus population. These results suggest that P. citri can successfully reproduce on certain leguminous plants such as kidney bean, kudzu-vine and soybean, and these herbaceous plants may be important for the maintenance of the mite populations when main tree hosts such as Japanese pear and citrus have deteriorated.
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Yisiaki ITO, Seigo HIGASHI
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
519-527
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Spring behaviour of Rapalidia plebeiana females within a huge nest aggregation was observed under a bridge in Cabbage Tree Creek, New South Wales, Australia. Although a great many combs existed in a dense aggregation, each comb was defended by a group of particular females, and intercomb drift of females was not frequent, suggesting that the social systme of R. plebeiana in huge nest aggregation was not a 'supercolony' reported in some ants, but a permanent aggregation of independent nests. Females oviposited in old cells; viz. combs were used more than one year. More than ninety percent of females were inseminated and seventy percent had developed eggs in ovaries.
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Koji HORI
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
528-532
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The mortality during the nymphal stage of Palomena angulosa MOTSCHULSKY did not vary significantly among groups exposed to decreasing and stationary photoperiods, ranging from 16 to 28%. Irrespective of whether decreasing or stationary, shorter photophase conditions promoted nymphal growth. A significant correlation was found between the nymphal period and photophase. The nymphal period (y days) in x hr or photophase per day could be represented by the equatio, y=10.5x-101.8. Whether decreasing or stationary, shorter photophases promoted daily weight gain. This compensated, to a certain extent, for the limited growth period under short-day conditions.
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Jun MITSUHASHI
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
533-536
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Characteristic differences in amino acid consumption were observed among cell lines derived from different tissues of the cabbage armyworm, Mamestra brassicae. Ovarian cell lines differed from both the hemocyte and fat body cell lines in the pattern of up-taking free amino acid in media, while hemocyte and fat body cell lines were similar to each other. Ovarian cell lines produced aspartic acid, while hemocyte and fat body cell lines consumed it markedly. Asparagine was utilized by hemocyte cell lines to some extent, however, it was consumed to a small extent by fat body cell line, and produced by ovarian cell lines. Ovarian cell lines consumed a small amount of glutamic acid, but other cell lines exhausted glutamic acid in media. On the other hand, the ovarian cell lines exhausted glutamine in the media while other cell lines produced it to a greater extent. Free ammonia increased in the culture of ovarian cell lines while it was notably utilized by other cell lines. Cystine was utilized by ovarian cell lines to a greater extent than other cell lines. No significant difference was observed for other amino acid consumption. It was assumed that hemocyte and fat body cell lines can synthesize glutamine from glutamic acid and ammonia, but that ovarian cell lines have no such an ability.
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Jun TAGAWA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
537-542
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Cocoon clusters of the arrhenotokous braconid parasitoid wasp, Apanteles glomeratus L., were collected in the field. Clusters consisting of males only contained significantly fewer cocoons than those including females (p<0.01). Under natural conditions, virgin females are considered to lay fewer eggs in a host than mated ones. Laboratory experiments revealed that virgin A. glomeratus females which had experienced oviposition were subsequently able to increase their clutch sizes after mating. In fact, the oviposition tactics of A. glomeratus seems related to whether or not they are mated. Examination of mature eggs stored in the egg reservoirs showed the number of available eggs in virgin and mated females to be the same regardless of age.
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Toru SHIMADA, Masao NAGATA, Narumi YOSHITAKE
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
543-552
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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A major protein was isolated from larvae of the eri-silkmoth, Samia cynthia ricini (Lepidoptera : Saturniidae), and was identified as an arylphorin based on its molecular characteristics. Samia arylphorin was a hexameric protein with a molecular weight of 470, 000 and was composed of single type of subunit with a molecular weight of 77, 000. The content of aromatic amino acids (tyrosine and phenylalanine) was 19.1%, and the overall composition of amino acids was similar to other lepidopteran arylphorins. Immunological studies revealed a homology in arylphorin structure between Samia and the mulberry silkmoth, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera : Bombycidae). The concentration of Samia arylphorin in the haemolymph increased markedly during the final larval instar and decreased by 50% during larval-pupal transformation. The arylphorin was detected not only in the haemolymph but also in the fat body at the early pupal stage, and was reduced to trace levels in haemolymph and fat body just before adult emergence.
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Tadashi NEMOTO, Yasumasa KUWAHARA, Takahisa SUZUKI
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
553-559
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Kairomone components of a parasitic wasp, Venturia canescens present in larval feces of four host phycitid moths, Cadra cautella, Plodia interpunctella, Anagasta kuehniella and Ephestia elluetella were purified to compare them. All components of the kairomones obtained were classifiable to seven groups of 2-acylcyclohexane-1, 3-diones based on carbon numbers (from C
16 to C
20) and unsaturation. Although most compounds were common among species, quantitative differences of each component were noticed and were characteristic to species. Cadra and Plodia contained 2-palmitoylcyclohexane-1, 3-dione as the major component. Cadra was noticed to posses 2-arachidoylcyclohexane-1, 3-dione as an extra ompoenn. The other two species characteristically contained an unsaturated 2-acyl side chain as the main component, that is, Anagasta possessed 2-hexadecenoyl- and conjugatd 2-hexadecadienoyl-cyclo-hexane-1, 3-dione as the main components and Ephestia posscessed 2-octadecenoylcyclohexane-1, 3-dione.
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Eizo KONDO
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
560-569
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Laboratory inoculation experiments were conducted to study the infectivity of Steinernema feltiae (DD-136) on fed and unfed larvae of common cutworm, Spodoptera litura, of different body sizes. All larvae used were killed within 48 hr after inoculation with ca. 1, 000 infective juveniles. With increasing body weight, longer time was required to kill the larvae : the average body weights of sluggish, moribund, and dead larvae 24 hr after inoculation were about 390, 280, and 200 mg, respectively. Nematode infectivity on fed and unfed larvae became considerably different with decreasing inoculum size of nematodes from 500 to 5 per insect. Number of invading nematodes in dead larvae ranged from 1 to 6 per mg body weight of insect, while that in living ones was less than 1. Similarly, larvae which fed other larvae under crowded conditions were infected with fewer nematodes. Generally, nematode infection through the anus was less in the fed larvae than in the unfed. Average number of symbiotic bacteria, Xenorhabdus nematophiluss, isolated from 10 μl hemolymph 24 hr after inoculation was 3×10
4 for dead larvae and only about 5 for those still living, including the sluggish. The susceptibility of S. litura larvae of different sizes was discussed from the standpoint of the nematode infection process.
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Yutaka SAITO, Ryoko SUZUKI
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
570-576
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The commonly-used method for experimental study of spider mite and phytoseiid life histories, namely detached leaves on wet substrates caused temperature variations in the layer where the mites live. Temperature variations between the leaf surface and the ambient (1 cm above the leaf surface) were tested by six different methods, i.e. four detached leaf methods and two live-leaf methods, under conditions of 45-50% RH (measured 1 cm above the leaf surface). Temperatures of detached leaves on wet substrates were always lower than those of the ambient. Use of wet cotton or water-soaked foamed plastic pads caused a temperature difference of about and more than 3°C. On the other hand, the temperature of live leaf surfaces were not different from those of the ambient. High relative humidity reduced temperature differences between the detached leaf surface on wet substrates and the ambient, so that such variation could be attributed to heat loss by evaporation from the wet substrates. Developmental periods of molting (teliochrysalis) females of Tetramychus urtice KOCH observed simultaneously under the same ambient conditions showed that mites on the live leaf developed 1.3 times faster than those on detached leaves on water-soaked foamed plastic pads. This indicated that difference in leaf surface temperatures directly affected mite development. Differences in host plant and leaf side also affected the leaf surface temperature when using detached leaves on wet-substrates.
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Masahiro OSAKABE
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
577-584
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The relationship between the diapause attribute and the non-specific esterase isozyme patterns was investigated in several populations of the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGREGOR), collected from various localities in Japan. The diapause attribute of each population was determined by their developmental success on citrus leaves. The esterase isozyme patterns were detected by agarose thin layer electrophoresis, and classified to Types I, II, III and IV. Each population of the non-diapausing strain showed 1 or 2 patterns among Types I, II and III. On the other hand, Type IV alone was detected from the populations of diapausing strain. Even if the populations included both strains, the diapause attribute of individuals could be clearly determined by their esterase isozyme patterns.
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Prasoot SITTISUANG, Osamu IMURA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
585-593
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Rough rice (175 g) and brown rice (145 g) of cv. Nankin 11, ca. 6, 500 kernels, were artificially infested with Ephestia cautella (WALKER), Tribolium castaneum (HERBST), Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius), and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) at 30°C and 65% r.h. to assess losses over a 14 week period. Uninfested controls of each type of rice were also examined both at 30°C and 65% r.h. and at 10°C and 70% r.h. The variables measured were insect number, moisture content, weight of 100 kernels based on 14% moisture content, and germinability. Rough rice was not substantially affected by the presence of any insect species and largely maintained ita initial quality. In brown rice, all insect species increased markedly and serious damage was detected in all variables. The brown rice lost 40, 19, 14, and 10% of initial kernel weight over the 14 weeks through infestation by R. dominica, S. oryzae, T. castaneum and E. cautella, respectively. Moisture content of brown rice in the infested treatments was higher than that of the control at 30°C and 65% r.h. in most cases. The germinabilities of the infested brown rice decreased abruptly after 4 weeks, and at the end of the experiment were almost nil. Loss assessment measures and the resistance of rough rice of this variety to insect infestation were discussed.
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Masahiro OSAKABE, Kouichi INOUE, Wataru ASHIHARA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
594-599
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The availability of a phytoseiid mite, Amblyseius sojaensis EHARA, for the control of Panonychus citri (McGREGOR) on citrus, and Tetranychus kanzawai KISHIDA on kidney bean and grapevine when tea pollen was supplied as a food were investigated. Amblyseius sojaensis conrolled P. cilri at low densities on citrus leaves when tea pollen was added. Although the sympatric relationship between A. sojaensis and T. kanzawai was closer than that between this phytoseiid and P. citri, T. kanzawai populations increased on leaves where phytoseiids and tea pollen were present. As A. sojaensis was unable to control P. citri on pollen-absent leaves, control of P. citri can be expected only when a favorite food such as tea pollen is supplied whereas control of T. kanzawai populations by A. sojaensis appears not possible even with the addition of a preferable food.
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Akiko OTAKE
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
600-609
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Two strains, the early-season and late-season ones, of Torymus beneficus, a parasitoid of the chestnut gall wasp, differed from each other in the correlation between the ovipositor sheath length and the lateral length of thorax. The difference in this correlation was much more conspicuous between T. beneficus and T. sinensis, another parasitoid of the pest. In males, there was a wide overlapping in the frequency distribution of the lateral length of the thorax between the two species. In both sexes, no fundamental interspecies difference was detectable through scanning electron microscope examination of the ventral surface of antennal flagella.
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Yukio ISHIKAWA, Satoru TSUKADA, Yoshiharu MATSUMOTO
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
610-616
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Larvae of the onion fly, Hylemya antiqua were reated under several combination of temperatures (10-22°C) and photoperiods (16L-8D and 12L-12D) to determine the effect of these factors on the larval development and diapause induction. Photoperiod little affected the developmental zero temperature for larva development (4.3°C under 16L-8D, and 4.6°C under 12L-12D), whereas the total effective temperature necessary for such development was a little greater in the short day (257 day-degrees under 16L-8D, and 278 day-degrees under 12L-12D). When pupae obtained from different conditions were kept at 25°C, 16L-8D, most flies emerged 9-18 days after pupation, but some were observed to emerge 40-60 days after pupation. This latter was particularly common in cultures at the lower temperatures and short photoperiod. We regarded the individuals emerging within 20 days after pupation as "non-diapausing" and the rest as "diapausing". The temperature inducing diapause in 50% of individuals was found to be significantly affected by photoperiod : 14.0°C under 16L-8D, and 18.5°C under 12L-12D.
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Teiji SOTA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
617-623
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The effects of temperature and photoperiod on the larval development and gonad maturation of Leptocarabus kumagaii were studied. Larvae kept under diapause inducing photoperiod (12L-12D) completed their development either when photosperiod was changed to 14L-10D or 16L-8D at 15°C or when they experienced a period of low temperature (5°C) under 12L-12D. Egg production after adult emergence was promoted when photoperiod was changed from 16L-8D to 12L-12D or 14L-10D. At 12L-12D, oviposition started in 10-25 days and continud for 50 days, whereas at 14L-10D it started in 40-50 days and lasted for 150 days. Also, egg production was promoted at lower temperatures of 15 and 20°C but not at a higher temperature of 25°C. Under laboratory conditions, there was no difference in patterns of larval development and gonad maturation among a few local populations at different altitudes showing different seasonal cycles. Direct effects of temperature on the altitudinal variation of the seasonal cycle were suggested.
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Shozo EHARA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
624-629
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Eotetranychus spectabilis n. sp. and E. dissectus n. sp. which infest maple (Acer spp.) in Hokkaido and Honshu were described and illustrated. The two new mites are unusual among the species of Eotetranychus in that the summer females are reddish in body color.
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Yoshio WAKU, Yasuhisa ENDO
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
630-637
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Nymphs and adults of Anomoneura mori harbor two kinds of symbiotic microorganisms in their mycetome. Vegetative forms of symbionts are enveloped by a triple-layered membrane and contain many ribosomes and dense granular masses which could be some genetical material, but have no filamentous nucleoid structure as in the usual bacteria. They proliferate rapidly during nymphal development of the host insect, then decrease in number during the abeyance period of the ovarian development in the female adult ranging from early summer to winter, and again resume their proliferation during the postwinter developing period of the ovary. Then they leave the mycetome for hemocoel as infectious forms, reaching the calyx region of the ovariole. There they are engulfed by the phagocytic action of the ovarian follicle cells and gather to form a spherical aggregation at the basal end of the ovum, thus being transmitted transovarially to the next generation of the host insect.
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Makoto HATAKOSHI, Tadashi OHSUMI, Izumi FUJIMOTO, Hirosi KISIDA, Nobus ...
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
638-640
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Makoto HATAKOSHI, Isamu NAKAYAMA, Lynn M. RIDDIFORD
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
641-644
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
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Ryo ARAKAWA
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
644-645
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
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Kazuro OHNO
1987 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
646-648
Published: November 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
JOURNAL
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