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Kenjiro KAWASAKI
1981 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
63-70
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The functional difference of the two components of sex pheromon of Spodoptera litura, (Z)-9, (E)-11-tetradecadienyl acetate (compound A) and (Z)-9, (E)-12-tetradecadienyl acetate (compound B), in the attraction of flying male moths was analysed in a large field cage. Various dispensors containing compounds A, or B, or a mixture of both were used as lure sources and put in a continuous air stream generated by a fan. The flight courses of released male moths around these lure dispensors were recorded by a video recorder through a TV camera equipped with a night scope. Analysis of flight course traces indicated that the mixing state of compounds A and B in the air is an essential factor in inducing the upwind flight and searching flight of male moths around it. It was also ascertained that the concentration of compound A is an important signal for male moths to locate the pheromone source.
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Masaji NISHIMURA, Yutaka SANO
1981 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
71-78
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The ultrastructure of neurosecretory cells in the pars intercerebralis were investigated in female and male pupae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The neurosecretory cells were classified into three types : type I, II and III, as in larvae. Only in type I cells of male pupae showed ultrastructure of the cytoplasmic change drastically from that observed in larvae.Type I cells in females were quite similar to those in larvae. Some type I cells in males 3 and 6 days after pupation showed degenerated structures, as if their neurosecretory functions were ceased. Cytoplasmic matrix decreased remarkably and neurosecretory granules decreased in their number, size and electron density. The cisternae of rER were considerably enlarged. In addition, the glial cell perikarya and glial processes which surround type I cells degraded or disappeared, resulting in the exposure of type I cells to the hemocoel.Cells of type II and type III of both sexes, however, showed no alteration in structure. Onth other hand, type I cells in females exhibited characteristics of active neurosecreting cells in both 3 and 6 day pupae and showed no degenerated structural alterations. The probability that type I cells of female pupae are involved in the production of the gonadotropic hormone is discussed in detail.
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Junko NISHITSUTSUJI-UWO, Yasuhisa ENDO
1981 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
79-87
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The general pathology of Galleria mellonella induced by Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin was studied in terms of symptoms, relative roles of crystals and spores, hemolymph chemistry and the associated histopathology of the midgut. Bioassay using pure crystals and spores clearly demonstrated that the primary cause of death of Galleria larvae was the crystals and the presence of spores was only supplemental. Four hours after a single administration of crystals, changes appearing in the columnar cells of midgut epithelium were very similar to those observed in completely paralyzed Bombyx mori; cells swelled losing their microvilli, burst or sloughed off into the lumen. Changes appearing in the goblet cells were different from those observed in Bombyx mori; mitochodria came out from cytoplasmic projections which diminished in number in some cells. When cells sloughed off from the basement lamina, the projections were totally deformed. Mitosis and development of new columnar and goblet cells to replace the broken cells were more frequently observed in the regenerative cell-masses (nidi) than in those of normal epithelium. Although blood pH scarcely changed, the K+ level rose up to 1.3 times. These results led to the conclusion that the reaction of G. mellonella to serotype VII is not that of a Type III host species.
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Socho NASU, Takaaki KUSUMI, Yoshihide SUWA, Hiroshi KITA
1981 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
88-93
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Two morphologicaly different yeast-like symbiotes were isolated from eggs of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens STAL. They were identified immunologically with the intracellular symbiotes found in eggs and in the adult insects. The two isolated microorganisms from the egg have common antigenicity with those isolated from the smaller brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus FALLEN, and from the white backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera HORVATH.
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Yoshio WAKU, Yukiaki MANABE
1981 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
94-102
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The dorsal surface of the female Ericoccus lagerstraemiae is covered by a thick shield made of long, thin, tubular wax filaments. The integumentary wax gland producing these filaments are distributed throughout the dorsal surface. Each gland is composed of a cuticular duct, one large main cell, six lateral cells and a ductule cell. The main cell stores in its reservoir a massive secretory substance which shows positive reactions to the tests for lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. The cytoplasm of the main cell contains well-developed rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and numerous secretory globules which are discharged into the lumen of the reservoir. The lateral cells may also contribute some secretion to the covering wax filament, but their precise role is unknown. The ductule cell contains a thin cuticular ductule which is formed by the cell itself. The formative mechanism of the tubular filament is of special interest. The amorphous secretory substance is transported from the main cell to the bottom of the cuticular duct via the ductule, met by the secretion of the lateral cells there, and then is molded into a tube by the trough-shaped cast cuticle present there.
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Kenji SATO, Ikuzo URITANI, Tetsuo SAITO
1981 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
103-112
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Terpene phytoalexins such as ipomeamarone are produced in sweet potato roots by infestation with the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius. We indicated that the terpeneinducing factor of the weevil larvae included at least three components, namely glycoprotein component(s) adsorbed by Con A-Sepharose, Con A-Sepharose non-adsorbed protein components(s) and heat-stable low molecular weight component(s).
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Chiharu SUTO, Nobuo KUMADA
1981 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
113-120
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Preference tests were carried out to examine the influence of contamination with different number of adult German cockroach, Blattella germanica, on the behavior of nymphs of the same species. The results revealed that the adult cockroach secreted not only aggregation pheromone, but also dispersion-inducing substance.Aggregation response of the nymphs was found to the filter paper that had been contaminated by 5 or 10 adult cockroaches in a 200-ml test beaker. Intensity of the aggregation increased according to the length of time of contamination.Whereas, repellency response of the nymphs was found with the filter paper thoroughly wetted by the larger number of 50 or 100 adult cockroaches in a beaker, on the inner wall of which clear droplets had been deposited by the cockroaches. Intensity of the repellency seemed to be increased with the degree of wetness of the paper, but reduced obviously when the discharges were removed from the mouth parts of the cockroaches. The clear droplets, or salivary secretions, were secreted from the mouth parts of the adult American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, as wel as the Cerman cockroach when they were seized or disturbed. The saliva of both cockroaches showed definite repellency against the nymphs of B. germanica.These results led us to the conclusion that the cockroaches secrete repellent(s) in the saliva, which would act as the chemical stimuli for dispersion from highly crowded area or for warning against their predators.
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Yumi YAMADA, Yukio ISHIKAWA, Toshiaki IKESHOJI, Yoshiharu MATSUMOTO
1981 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
121-128
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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External morphology and function of sensory organs on the head of the onion fly larva, Hylemya antiqua MEIGEN were investigated. Three pairs of sensory organs were present on the cephalic lobe of the onion fly larva when observed with a scanning electron microscope. A dome-shaped organ (diam. 15-17 μm) with a little peg was at the dorsal part, a set of 8 peg-like sensilla (diam. 2-5 μm) at the anterior part, and a plate-type organ and a lobe with a peg at the ventral part.Functions of the dorsal and anterior organs were examined by cauterization with a sharp-tipped hot iron pencil. The larvae cauterized at both or either one of the dorsal and ventral organs could not orient towards the host plant onion and their trails became random, although their movement activity was little affected. From these results, we concluded that these organs had a chemosensory function and were indispensable in pairs for perception of and orientation to the host plant.
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Kazushige SOGAWA
1981 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
129-137
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The biological nature of three biotypes of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, which possess differential abilities to infest resistant rice varieties, was comparatively studied with respect to their feeding effect on rice seedling growth, host preference response, honeydew excretion, embryonic and nymphal development, and fecundity. The three biotypes were most clearly distinguished from one another on the basis of their average honeydew excretion and the number of progeny produced on rice varieties with different major genes for resistance to this insect in spite of large quantitative variabilities in these physiological traits within each biotype population. In addition, biotype 3 differed significantly from the others, particularly from biotype 1, in its feeding effect on seedling growth, host preference, and nymphal development on resistant varieties. Biotype 3 was also found to be less fecund than others even on a susceptible variety.
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Su Il SEONG
1981 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
138-148
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Wet weight, total proteins, DNA and RNA of the midgut of hte silkworm, Bombyx mori, were analyzed to study the quantitative changes during metamorphosis. In addition, qualitative changes of soluble proteins were studied with polyacrylamide gel- and immunoelectrophoresis.During the larval-pupal transformation, the wet weight, total proteins and RNA of the epithelial midguts decreased almost linearly while DNA remained in abundance until just before larval-pupal ecdysis. After pupation, however, all components decreased to very small amounts by the time of eclosion. The lumenal contents of pupa and pharate adult contained a large amount of protein and DNA, whereas RNA was barely detectable.The midguts of male and female individuals did not differ quantitatively in protein and nucleic acid transformations at metamorphosis.Polyacrylamide gel- and immuno-electrophoretic analysis showed that the change in some protein components was stage-specific during holometabolous ontogeny; i.e., three kinds of protein could be differentigted, the larval, pupal and adult types. Both methods of electrophoresis also revealed that a great deal of proteins were common in larval and adult midguts, but differed greatly from those of the pupal midgut. The basis for the changes in protein components during the stage-specific protein synthesis at metamorphosis was discused from the point of view of gene switch-over and gene expression.
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Mitsuhiro SASAKAWA
1981 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
149-155
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Three new species described from Japan are : Ophiomyia puerarivora, Amauromyza belamcandae and Phytomyza hasegawai.
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Takaaki ITO, Chuji HIROSE
1981 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
156-161
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The adults of L. brunneus were liberated into a petri dish, in which treated wood alone (single arrangement), or together with untreated wood (twin arrangement) was placed.In single arrangement, no or few ovipositions were observed in the wood treated with permethrin at concentrations which were not lethal to the adults. In twin arrangement, the adults laid eggs in the untreated wood, but not in the treated wood even at the lowest concentration (2.0 ppm). Evidently, the adults avoided the wood treated with permethrin for oviposition. Ovipositions occurred on wood treated with lindane as well as on untreated wood in the same petri dish, though the total number of eggs laid decreased with the concentration of lindane. In the case of fenitronhion, the number of eggs was larger in the untreated wood than in the treated wood. For example, no egg and 24 eggs were laid in the treated and untreated wood, respectively, at the highest concentration (2000 ppm). There was a large difference in the effects on oviposition of the three insecticides.
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Apurba K. CHATTOPADHYAY, D.K. CHOUDHURI
1981 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
162-164
Published: May 25, 1981
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Yoshito SUZUKI, Juro KOYAMA
1981 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
164-166
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Toshiaki SHIMIZU, Katsuhiko MATSUZAWA, Jun-ichi FUKAMI
1981 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
167-169
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Roger F. HOU, Ruey-Shan CHEN
1981 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages
169-171
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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