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Norimasa MORIYA
1989 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
161-168
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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A characteristic scent from the pigmy mole cricket Tridactylus japonicus repels certain predaceous arthropods (MORIYA and ICHINOSE, 1988). The source of this scent is a bilateral pair of glands situated in the second abdominal segment. These were examined histologically. Microscopic observations of the gland boiled in 10% KOH were made. Numerous pores are connected by ducts to the epidermal surface. The opening of the scent gland is situated on the lateral wall of the second sternum and has a culticular cover. The outlet of the scent gland has a valve consisting of cuticular processes and bundles of muscle. The valve seems to regulate secretion release. The scent gland consists of two kinds of cells. Epidermal cells make a cuticular lining which form a reservoir. Secretory cells surround the epidermis and are connected to the reservoir with culticular ducts; these cells probably synthesize the scent substances. Such a repugnatorial gland was first discovered in the Tridactylidae.
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Hideharu NUMATA, Masahiro KON, Hisashi FUJII, Toshitaka HIDAKA
1989 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
169-173
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The airborne sound vibration produced by male Riptortus clavatus in courtship behavior was recorded. Four songs were discriminated acoustically. The time characteristics of these songs varied, although all fundamental frequencies were within the range of 80-250 Hz. The sound was produced neither by stridulation nor by a tergal tymbal.
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Hideo BANNO, Akira YAMAGAMI
1989 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
174-179
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The food consumption and the conversion efficiency of ingested food (E.C.I.) to body substance were studied in the larvae of Eupromus ruber which fed on live wood of Persea thumbergii. There were large variations in the food consumption and the E.C.I. among individuals. The larvae consumed about 7-17 g dry weight of food (including the wood excavated to the pupal room), and those volumes were 12-33 cm
3. The E.C.I. percentage in larvae gradually decreased with instar progression, and the mean E.C.I. of all instars was 2.18%. The consumed food was also converted to adult body substance with a mean efficiency of 1.67%.
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Masaaki AZUMA, Tomoaki YOSHIMI, Toshiharu FURUSAWA
1989 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
180-185
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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To elucidate the roles of fatty acyl chains in phosphoglycerides during egg diapause process of the silkworm Bombyx mori, fatty acids of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Diapause-associated changes occurred in the proportion of oleic acid (C
18 : 1) and linolenic acid (C
18 : 3) tails in total fatty acids of PC and PE. In diapause initiation, the levels of C
18 : 1 increased (about 35-40%) and that of C
18 : 3 decreased (about 20%). These ratios remained constant during diapause maintenance. However, transfer of diapause eggs from 25°C to 5°C resulted in decline in C
18 : 1 and rise in C
18 : 3 of both PC and PE. Both levels shifted 28-30% in diapause termination. These results suggest that fatty acyl chains in PC and PE are modulated during the diapause process and that cold exposure induces the unsaturation with C
18 : 3 of phosphoglycerides.
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Shu-Jen TUAN, Li-Cheng TANG, Roger Feng-Nan HOU
1989 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
186-192
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Larvae of the corn earworm, Heliothis armigera (HUBNER), ingested a lethal inoculum of Heliothis nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HsNPV) while hatching from virus-treated eggs. Spraying of the virus at dilution of 1/400 on eggs immediately before hatching resulted in 93.6% larval mortality compared with 36.9% on newly laid eggs. The virus remained highly pathogenic to H. armigera larvae, even to larvae introduced into corn ears for the second time at 10 days after viral application. Applications of HsNPV to 1-day-old larvae had better control than to 4-day-old larvae. H. armigera densities were significantly reduced 14 days post application with HsNPV, and the control was better than that with carbofuran. Application of the virus increased from 18.7% to 36.1% ears free of larval damage. The injection of HsNPV preparations into corn ears was more effective than spraying the ears.
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Akio OTAKE
1989 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
193-201
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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There was a similarity between the annual trends in the development of Dryocosmus kuriphilus within galls and the emergence of adults out of the galls. The time of 50% emergence of adults fluctuated in proportion to the extent of the thermal deviation from an ordinary year. The percentage of parasitism increased both for the whole parasitoid species and for Torymus beneficus and T. sinensis at the Fruit Tree Research Station in 1984, presumably due to the increased activity of T. sinensis, which had been released there in 1982. Among the parasitoids other than the above-mentioned two species, Megastigmus nipponicus, Ormyrus flavitibialis and Eurytoma brunniventris were predominant. Mortality of adult Dryocosmus due to failure of abandoning the galls was considerably high every year.
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Ouab SARNTHOY, Piyarat KEINMEESUKE, Neungpanich SINCHAISRI, Fusao NAKA ...
1989 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
202-208
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The development and reproductive rate of Japanese and Thailand strains of the diamond-back moth Plutella xylostella were compared at 17, 20, 23, 26 and 29°C. The developmental period of immature stages and longevity of adults of the Thailand strain were similar to those of the Japanese strain. However, the preoviposition period was longer and the fecundity was less in the Thailand strain than those in the Japanese strain at all temperatures. The intrinsic rate of increase of the Thailand strain was always lower than that of the Japanese strain. The developmental threshold temperatures of immature stages and adult maturation were 9.9 and 8.4°C in the Thailand strain, and 9.2 and 8.8°C in the Japanese strain. The thermal constants of immature stages and adult maturation were 294.1 and 86.5 day-degrees in the Thailand strain, and 294.1 and 59.6 day-degrees in the Japanese strain.
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Masahisa MIYAZAKI, Iwao KUDO
1989 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
209-212
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The second instar larva of Pseudodendrothrips mori, which is an important pest of the mulberry trees, is described. A key to the second instar larvae is provided for distinguishing 4 important thrips species occurring on the mulberry trees.
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Ryutaro IWATA, Takaaki ITO, Goro SHINJO
1989 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
213-221
Published: May 25, 1989
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The effect of a microcapsule formulation of organophosphorus insecticide, fenitrothion, on workers and soldiers of Coptotermes formosanus SHIRAKI (Rhinotermitidae) was further investigated. Untreated workers as well as treated ones died (or became moribund) in the presence of workers or soldiers that had been sprayed with a water-diluted microcapsule solution, indicating the transmission of poison between individuals. In all conditions, soldiers showed much less sensitivity to the microcapsule formulation than workers. Self and mutual-grooming by workers was noted to be critical to microcapsule efficacy, resulting in the transmission of insecticide from poison-donors (insecticide-contaminated individuals) to poison-recipients (workers). Bioassay of microcapsule-treated soil for the efficacy against mouth-obturated and deantennated workers showed that poisoning of workers was delayed compared with that of unoperated ones. This result supports the assumption of the importance of transmission in the poisoning process. The basis of the transmission of the present fenitrothion microcapsule among termite workers is dependent on adhesion of microcapsules to the appendages, especially to the antennae, followed by self- and mutual-grooming. Grooming results in the breakage of microcapsules and oral intake of the active ingredient of the formulation by the groomers, as well as dermal intake by those that are groomed.
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Takahisa SUZUKI, Kazuo HAGA, Walter Soares LEAL, Seiichiro KODAMA, Yas ...
1989 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
222-228
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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A monoterpene, β-acaridial [2(E)-(4-methyl-3-pentenylidene)-butanedial] was identified from the secretions of three gall-forming thrips, Varshneyia pasanii, Liothrips kuwanai and Gynaikothrips uzeli (Thysanoptera : Phlaeothripidae), by comparing its chromatographic behaviors and spectral data with those of the one isolated and identified from the acarid mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae. The GLC profile of the secretion of G. uzeli was fairly different from those of the other two species, although their components were similar among them. In G. uzeli, pentadecane was a major component (ca. 50%) and perillene was not detected whereas tridecane was a main component in the rest species. Heptadecane and stearyl acetate were detected only from G. uzeli.
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Toru ARAKAWA, Hideo KITANO
1989 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
229-231
Published: May 25, 1989
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Seiichi MORIYA, Kouichi INOUE, Akio OTAKE, Masakazu SHIGA, Masato MABU ...
1989 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
231-233
Published: May 25, 1989
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Tsutomu SAITO, Sakae KUBOTA, Mitsuaki SHIMAZU
1989 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
233-235
Published: May 25, 1989
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Toshihiro NAGAMINE, Miyako SHIMOMURA, Hideaki SUGIMORI, Michihiro KOBA ...
1989 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
235-237
Published: May 25, 1989
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Takashi OKUDA, Kenya Mbita
1989 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
238-239
Published: May 25, 1989
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Tadashi MIYATA, Tetsuo SAITO, Tatsuo KASSAI, Kozaburo OZAKI
1989 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
240-241
Published: May 25, 1989
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Kazuo HAGA, Takahisa SUZUKI, Seiichiro KODAMA, Yasumasa KUWAHARA
1989 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
242-244
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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