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Many studies about industrial clusters have clarified their static structure and/or interconnectivity among actors there.  This article examines the dynamic diffusion of technological knowledge in Japan's Katsunuma wine cluster which locates 100 km away from Tokyo.  The three case studies selected are Sur Lie as enology, rain protection system as viticulture and Kiiroka (yellow fragrance in English) as both technologies.  The results show that (1) national wineries work as technological gatekeepers, (2) technologies tend to be diffused via locally embedded networks and (3) hierarchy of diffusion has become more flexible as local wineries gained their levels of technological knowledge.

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A number of islands exist in Japan, it is each has a unique environment and culture. But research on the water environment because of the limited water resources in the island is important, hydrological research in the current island are being carried out in various places. For example, in the East China Sea island of Iriomote Island are under the influence of acid deposition from the continent, the river water acid be less has been reported. For the Pacific Ocean of the Izu-Ogasawara Islands, progression and outflow decrease of eutrophic groundwater of eutrophication of coastal waters has been observed.But the literature on water environment and water quality on the island of Genkai On the other hand is still small. In this study, it is intended to explore issues present therein in helping revealed Iki Island water environment located in the Genkai.

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After Ontakesan eruption of '35 the last time, we report the results of a survey about a year around the river water quality. In Nigorikawa and Otakigawa, EC was gradually lowered pH in the end of January and up to stable. The influence of snowmelt also fell also pH EC reached a peak at the end of April began to appear from February. It was lowered pH again EC is increased because of the rainy season in June. Summer, but volcanic ash that was deposited under the influence of the typhoon had a major impact flowing out, the end of October was stable. But was able to understand the water quality change of one year after the eruption, still remain volcanic ash in the summit area , I want to also scrutinize the influence of second thaw.

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Although there are a number of lakes in Japan, exist in a location beyond the forest limit of altitude over 2,500m is in it, there is a so-called alpine lakes. This alpine lake is the more susceptible to the effects of global environmental change, Kawakami (1993) have revealed that do not have little buffer capacity for the summit lakes group of acid rain Norikura. Also, artificial pollution due to the recent years of mountain climbers increase has been pointed out, Watanabe et al. (1980) is investigating the situation of pollution of alpine lakes in Nagano Prefecture. With alpine lakes is a place to form the ecosystem in alpine, it is also a valuable research field, further from the fact that it serves as an indicator to capture the changes and anthropogenic impact of the global environment, making a study of alpine lakes important is there.Therefore, in the Hosei University, it is again, I started working on the study of alpine lakes of water environment from 2013. Here, I report to the center of the alpine lakes was carried out in 2015, especially Mitake summit of lakes group of survey results from 2013.

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This research was conducted 24th - 26th August, 2014, and 9th - 11th September, 2015; and focused on abandoned farmland located outside the Evacuation Zone. Soil samples were collected at 48 spots from abandoned fields in Minamisoma City. The radioactive concentrations were measured with an LB-200 radiation meter; and the results were used to map the distribution of radioactive substances in the target area. Cesium levels of 5000 Bq/kg are considered the upper limit for rice cultivation, but in 2015 concentrations of 10173 Bq/kg, 8179 Bq/kg and 5840 Bq/kg were measured at spots on steep slopes in the east-facing hillsides.

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The Izu Peninsula Geopark (IPG), one of the Japanese national geoparks, is located on the collision zone between Japan and Izu-Bonin arcs, and is characterized by frequent seismic and volcanic activities. The statement about the role of the IPG (spreading of knowledge about geological phenomena) has been included in the disaster mitigation program since 2012 and the IPG is an official member of the mitigation council of local volcanic disasters. We, however, have no policy about the role of geoparks during a disaster crisis and are collecting lessons through the activities supporting nearby geoparks at their geological crises.

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The object of this thesis is to clarify the precipitation and the change of the structure following moving cyclones in the central Eurasia continent in summer. Using a 0.5 degree grid data of ECMWF-Interim, it was analyzed on the movement and precipitation distribution of cyclones in SLP. It is determined statistically by superimposing the case analysis on trends in precipitation changes due to cyclone eastward. By analyzing the change in the potential temperature, equivalent potential temperature, wind speed and direction from 200hPa to 1000hPa surface, the vertical structure change of cyclones was clarified.

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This research aims at explaining the functional changes of urban villages in Guangzhou through a case study of Liede Village near Zhujiang new city centre. After the redevelopment of Liede, a large number of migrant workers have been replaced by many white collar staff working in the city centre. Urban villages play important roles for globalizing city. This kind of unique function is caused by the collective ownership of urban villages. Collective ownership of urban villages has been firmly maintained.

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Several fluvial terraces are distributed in the upstream area of the Tama River, central Japan. The previous studies interpreted the Aoyagi terrace as the fill-top terrace formed during the Last Glacial, and pointed out that the valley filling had continued until MIS4. In this study, heights of the mainstream deposits were measured and the long-profile of the mainstream was reconstructed. Besides, the Hk-TP and KMP tephras were found out from the deposits of the tributaries covering the mainstream deposits. Then, it is suggested that the aggradation of the mainstream finished before MIS4, and that tributaries had supplied sediments until MIS3.

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The charasteristics of the crevasse channel and crevasse splay of Kinu River formed from the 2015 heavy rain in September were researched in terms of landforms and deposits. It was found that sedimental structures of these landforms were similar to the previous studied crevasse deposits, but the position the landforms created was largely influenced by the original topography, partly modied by human.
Applying the character of this crevasse landforms, it may be possible to nd other crevasse landforms created by past floods in this floodplain.

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This paper examines responses of trade associations, whose base were in an industrial district, to shifts of policies and institutional changes. To do so it uses the pharmaceutical industrial district in Nihonbashi-Honcho, Tokyo, during 1713 to 1943, as an example. Trade associations in Nihonbashi-Honcho have flexibly shifted its systems and organizations as governmental policies and lows changed and prospered for several hundred years. However, practices of trades in Nihonbashi-Honcho remained unperturbed even after the Meiji restoration of 1868. 

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The cruise market has developed dramatically in Japan in recent years. In 2015, 1452 cruise ships called at Japanese harbours, the highest number so far. Also, 1.116.000 foreign visitors arrived by cruise ship. Cruise ships bring large numbers of visitors and expectations are high for positive effects on the local economy. However, worldwide, environmental pollution, a market structure dominated by just a few large companies, high concentrations of visitors and other problems have been pointed out. This paper aims to establish a geographical framework to assess benefits and problems of the expanding cruise market in Japan.

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The purpose of this study is to estimate spatially and temporarily detailed groundwater recharge process at Musashino Terrace by focusing on the relationship between rainfall and groundwater level. We observed the groundwater level every hour at three shallow wells of Musashino Terrace. As a result, we captured time lag between the beginning of rainfall event and the quick response of groundwater level, which made it possible to compare them among observation points and rainfall events. We found the time lag is related to the amount of precipitation in each rainfall event, the thickness of the loam, and water table depth.

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