NIPPON GOMU KYOKAISHI
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Volume 87, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Special Issue for General Reviews “Innovative materials by biomimetic and self-assembly approach ( I )”
Introductory Remarks
General Reviews
  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    2014 Volume 87 Issue 4 Pages 122-
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: August 08, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.87.122
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Nature Technology Creating a Fresh Approach to Technology
    Emile H. ISHIDA
    2014 Volume 87 Issue 4 Pages 123-128
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: August 08, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.87.123
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The Great East Japan Earthquake, which occurred on March 11, 2011, reminded us that we were just one species within the great cycle of life on earth, that we were allowed to survive only because of nature, and that the idea that we were somehow able to conquer nature was simply an illusion. Now more than ever it is time that we confront head-on the change from the “underground resources” type of civilization to one with a new way of life and technology that embraces a sense of nature. To do so, we must learn from nature, the only sustainable society on earth, and create technology that embraces such a view of nature. We call such technology, which cleverly revives nature's greatness, Nature Technology.
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  • Development of Continuous Fabrication Process of the Moth-eye Anti-reflection Film Imitating Eyes of Natural Moths
    Yoshihiro UOZU
    2014 Volume 87 Issue 4 Pages 129-132
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: August 08, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.87.129
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Moth eyes have an uneven surface that shows low reflection of light. The continuous photo-nanoimprinting of moth-eye structures has been developed with seamless anodic porous alumina mold. Our moth-eye AR film shows a higher antireflection property throughout visible wavelength than conventional multilayer type antireflection films while being lower in production energy and cost.
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  • Development of the Self-oscillating Polymer Gels as Biomimetic Materials with Spatiotemporal Function
    Ryo YOSHIDA
    2014 Volume 87 Issue 4 Pages 133-139
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: August 08, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.87.133
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    As a novel biomimetic gel with spatiotemporal function, we developed “self-oscillating” gel that undergoes spontaneous cyclic swelling-deswelling changes without any on-off switching of external stimuli like a heart muscle. The self-oscillating gel was designed by utilizing the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction which is a oscillating reaction as a chemical model of the TCA cycle. Since the first report in 1996, we have systematically studied the novel polymer gels. As an innovative study to create a new concept of functional gels and expand the potential of gels, our studies have attracted much attention in many research fields and have inspired other related studies. Here our recent progress on the self-oscillating polymer gels was summarized.
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  • Biotemplating Process for 3D Structured Materials
    Kaori KAMATA, Zhenzi PIAO, Tomokazu IYODA
    2014 Volume 87 Issue 4 Pages 140-145
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: August 08, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.87.140
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    We can easily find a hierarchically ordered nano-/micro-structure in nature such as plant tissues, microalgae,fungi, and so on. Their structures are often three-dimensional and never artificially fabricated even with advanced modeling device. Therefore, material scientists have started focusing on such biological structures as being potentially applied for fabrication process, i.e., biotemplating process. Since several examples have been reported in respect to the utilization of ferritin, tobacco mosaic virus, diatom, or plant fiber, and so on, the biotemplated products can now provide variety of structures and can range widely in size. Here, we introduce brief overview of the biotemplates and their future technological applications, especially based on the structure-specific functions.
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  • Structure and Properties of Sacran, One of Supergiant Polysaccharides, and Its Biomimetic Functionalization
    Tatsuo KANEKO, Maiko OKAJIMA, Seiji TATEYAMA
    2014 Volume 87 Issue 4 Pages 146-152
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: August 08, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.87.146
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Cyanobacteria, which live in the rivers and sea, produce and secrete polysaccharides with functional groups such as carboxylic acid, sulfates, phosphates and amines that are responsible for ionic adsorption. Aphanothece sacrum,whose extracellular polysaccharide creates a jelly-like material (gels) which protects the cells, is mass cultured in fresh water only in Japan, and is grown with adsorbing metal ions from groundwater. The fact motivated us in the biomimetics concept to develop a metal-recycle material of the extracellular polysaccharide, which was here extracted by a successful alkaline elution method. The extracted polysaccharide was a new product and then it was named as “sacran”. Sacran adsorbed various multivalent metals as expected and formed the gels whose structure was formed a fibrous nanostructural network containing water revealed by cryogenic-TEM images. Freeze-drying of sacran formed spongy materials capable of In3+ preferential adsorption to form hydrogels from the mixed solution of In3+ and Sn4+ with concentrations below 40 mM. Electrolytic refinement of indium was made using the ion-complex hydrogels at room temperature to obtain indium metal foil at a pure grade over 99.9%. Thus epochal energy-saving methods for indium refinement were established using spongy hydrogels of cyanobacterial polyanions.
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Advanced Course on Rubber Science and Technology
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for the Analysis of Soft Materials
    (1) Soft Materials and NMR
    Riichiro CHUJO
    2014 Volume 87 Issue 4 Pages 153-159
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: August 08, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.87.153
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This Journal is planning to publish the review series on the NMR in the analysis of soft materials. This review is the introduction to the series. The advantage of NMR is, at first, introduced from the relationship with polymeric materials; namely, mobile solid materials. The adjective on mobility is ambiguous in Japanese language, in which there are no different terms corresponding to soft and flexible. In order to avoid this ambiguity during the research on soft materials, an example is introduced in the past silk industry. Soft but pliable silk fabrics have been appreciated in the industry. The concept of relaxation times is different in rheology and NMR. This difference is explained and the relationships between both relaxation times. Finally, NMR relaxation times are applied to the estimation of physical properties of historically aged silk materials from 10th to 18th centuries with the aid of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem developed by Einstein. NMR is free from the stress-centralization during the measurement. This advantage is used the final application. Loss tangents are almost identical between historical and fresh silks, and standard deviations of the loss tangents decrease from old to recent years.
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Technical Note
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