Preferred orientation (fiber texture) or epitaxial orientation was controlled using ZnO film with 3 dimensional covalent bond, (Ca, Sr) CuO_2 with 2 dimensional covalent bond, and LiNbO_3 (LiTaO_2) with ionic bond. For ZnO film, (0001), (112^^-0), and (1010) films were obtained on glass. For (Ca, Sr)CuO_2, (001) and (101) films were ob-tained on glass, (110) and (101) were obtained on (100) MgO. On R-cut sapphire, the orientation of the LiNbO_3 film changed from (011^^-2) to (101^^-0) via (112^^-0) by increasing the Li concentration in the film. Furthermore, the concepts to control these textures were proposed.
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