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Article type: Cover
2004 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages
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Article type: Index
2004 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages
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2004 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages
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2004 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages
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2004 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages
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2004 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages
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2004 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages
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2004 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages
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Katsuaki Sato
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages
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Yusuke Mori
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages
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Yasuhiko Tabata, Masaya Yamamoto, Takayoshi Nakano, Yukichi Umakoshi
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages
59-68
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Bone tissue performs several mechanical, biological, and chemical functions. In addition, the structural supporting is one of the important roles of bone in the body comparable to the mineral ion homeostasis. When bone tissue is defected for some reasons, the bone structure and functions are often injured or lost. As one trial to ameliorate the bad conditions of bone tissue, bone regeneration has been tried based on tissue engineering. The basic idea of tissue engineering is to induce tissue regeneration by use of growth factors (genes), stem cells or the scaffold of cell growth and proliferation as well as their combinations. In the first half of this article, briefly explaining the controlled release of growth factor with a biodegradable hydrogel, concrete example of bone regeneration by the release system is introduced. The macroscopic bone shape is recovered most perfectly under tissue engineering technique, but the difference in the microstructure, mechanical and physical properties between the regenerated and original bones should be examined before clinical application. Bone is a composite composed of mineral biological apatite and collagen fibrils. Biological apatite is an ionic crystal that crystallizes in a hexagonal lattice providing anisotropic bone reinforcement. In the last half, therefore, we introduce crystallographic approach to evaluate the regenerated bone function based on the orientation distribution of biological apatite relating to its mechanical property.
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Chikara Ohtsuki, Masanobu Kamitakahara
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages
69-72
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Bioactive materials show specific biological activity, that allows direct bonding to living bone when implanted in body defect. The essential requirement for artificial materials to show the bone-bonding property is formation of an apatite layer in the body environment. The same type of apatite formation can be observed in vitro on the bioactive materials in a simulated body fluid (SBF) that has similar ion concentrations nearly to those of human blood plasma. This phenomena indicates that the apatite deposition is governed by chemical reaction of materials with the surrounding body fluid. This paper reviews the design of novel materials that have apatite-forming ability in the body environment for bone repairing.
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Koichi Imura
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages
73-77
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Artificial bone grafts: NEOBONE^[○!R] are consists of porous sintered body which made of hydroxyapatite ceramics, it has unique pore structure. The NEOBONE^[○!R] with about 75% porosity and 150-200μm of mean pore diameter is connected entirely through interconnected pore which diameter is more than 10μm. The struts of porous body are fine sintered. Despite it has high porosity, the compressive strength is about 15MPa which has relatively high mechanical strength. In pre-clinical test, living tissue could penetrate rapidly in the central part of the NEOBONE^[○!R]. At the 6 weeks after implantation, matured myeloid tissue had formed. This is attributed to pore structure of NEOBONE^[○!R], and in this point, it is different from other artificial bone grafts. NEOBONE^[○!R] is already got a manufacturing approval from Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, and now start to production and distribution for clinical use. In the future, this artificial bone grafts may be used in regenerative medical technique and tissue engineering field.
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Taiji Adachi, Machiko Kato, Katsuya Sato, Masahito Tagawa
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages
78-82
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Cell micro patterning on FEP (tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene) substrate was studied by modifying its surface using atomic oxygen beam exposure. Firstly, characteristics of the modified surface and its affinity to the cell adhesion were investigated. Roughness of the modified FEP surface measured by atomic force microscopy increased that resulted in decrease in water wettability. To evaluate change in FEP surface affinity to cells, osteoblastic cells (MC3T3E1) were cultured on pristine and modified FEP surfaces. Cell density and cell adhesive area on the modified surface were larger than those on the pristine surface, which resulted in that the surface modification increased the cell proliferation rate. Secondly, cells were cultured on micro patterned FEP surface modified by the atomic beam exposure with a mesh mask of three different patterns (circle and square dots, and linear pattern). Cells formed an adhesion pattern depending on the designed pattern surface modification. Many cells attached in the vicinity of the boundary between modified and pristine surfaces. In addition, cytoskeletal actin fibers, those are the determinant of cellular shape, were frequently aligned along the boundary.
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Masaru Zako, Tetsusei Kurashiki, Hideki Yoshikawa, Nobuhiko Sugano, Ta ...
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages
83-88
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A "ready-made" stem in a hip replacement arthroplasty might not suite to individual's femur. The adoptable stems will help patients recover in short period and completeness. Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) can give various mechanical properties because of its abundant design parameter. For example, choice of reinforcement fiber and matrix resin, control of fiber volume fraction, fiber orientation, and structure of laminates stacking. FRP enables the adaptive design of various mechanical properties, therefore, the design is complex in nature. Furthermore, by combining a numerical analysis with these properties of FRP, minimally invasive design of the stem is possible. A "tailor-made" composite stem, which supports steady recovery and provides high reliability, would be applicable by using FRP. In this paper, the design procedure of stems with FRP has been described.
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Koichi Kakimoto
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages
89-
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Hiroaki Adachi, Hiroyoshi Matsumura, Satoshi Murakami, Kazufumi Takano ...
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages
90-91
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages
92-98
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2004 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages
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Published: July 31, 2004
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