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Article type: Cover
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
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Published: July 01, 1997
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Article type: Appendix
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
App1-
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Article type: Appendix
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
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Article type: Index
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
vii-xxi
Published: July 01, 1997
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Susumu Maeda, Masaki Kato, Keisei Abe, Hideo Nakanishi, Kazutaka Teras ...
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
81-
Published: July 01, 1997
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The weight variations of the borondoped silicon meIt due to the evaporation was measured. It was suggested that boron assisted the evaporation of the silicon melt when the temperature of silicon melt was high(> 1500℃). Oxygen transport mechanism in the borondoped silicon melt and the role of the boron will be discussed based on our experimental results.
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Koichi KAKIMOTO, Hiroyuki OZOE
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
82-
Published: July 01, 1997
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The incorporation of oxygen into silicon single crystals from the melt is examined in terms of an experiment and a model on a transient solidification. A transient analysis is proposed to obtain equilibrium segregation coefficient of oxygen in silicon and diffusion constant of oxygen in the melt almost independently. The analysis estimated these values of equilibrium segregation coefficient of oxygen in silicon and diffusion constant of oxygen in silicon melt.
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K Abe, T Matsumoto, H Nakanishi, S Maeda, K Terashima
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
83-
Published: July 01, 1997
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The influence of boron addition on quartz dissolution rate in silicon melts has been investigated. Quartz dissolution rate increases with increasing boron concentration by using SiC-coated crucibles.Whereas in the case of quartz crucibles, quartz dissolution rate decreases with increasing boron concentration. The temperature dependence of quartz dissolution rate in boron doped silicon melt is markedly observed.
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Langen Mario, Taketoshi Hibiya, Minoru Eguchi, Egry Ivan
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
84-
Published: July 01, 1997
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Density of molten silicon was measured by electromagnetic levitation in the wide temperature range including underccoled condition of about 300K. Density was 2.52 g/cm^3 at m.p. and volumetric expansion coefficient was.〜1.6 x 10^<-4>/K near the m.p. Density anomaly was not observed.
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M Kasuga, Y Miyazawa
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
85-
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Applying vertical magnetic field reduces the convection flow in the semiconductor melt. It induces, however,an axial rotation of the flow in the oxide melt.The related phenomena are summarized and their causes are proposed.
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Yasuto Miyazaw, Takayoshi Michino
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
86-
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By using magnetic fieldapplied Czochralski equipment for oxide growth,the flow in a NGG melts in a high magnetic field was obsorved. It was found that the flow in NGG melts were very different from thoso in a semiconductor melts.
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Masahito Watanabe, Minoru Eguchi, Taketoshi Hibiya
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
87-
Published: July 01, 1997
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The relationship between fluctuation of oxygen concentration in Si crystals grown under the cusped magnetic field and Simelt flow during crystal growth is discussed. In the case of the center of cusped magnetic field benefited the melt surface, growth striation resulting from fluctuation of oxygen concentration appeared in the grown crystal. In this configuration, random temperature oscillation was also observed. This means that unstable melt flow is generated under the crystal/melt interface and this flow causes fluctuation of oxygen concentration in grown crystals.
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E Iino, I Kubota, M Kimura, S Muraoka
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
88-
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Oxygen concentration in the silicon melt of a Czochralski system was measured by using an oxygen sensor. Oxygen fluctuation was measured and the fluctuation pattern changed depending on the crucible rotation rate.
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R Sahara, H Mizuseki, K Ohno, S Uda, T Fukuda, Y Kawazoe
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
89-
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BCC lattice model is introduced to describe efficiently melting transition of Si.To incorporate realistic many-body interaction into account, Tersoff potential is renormalized on the lattice to be applied. Good agreements are obtained for liquidsolid transition temperature and thermodynamic properlies between the present lattice Monte Carlo and previous Molecular Dynamics results.
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Toshiharu Irisawa
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
90-
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We analyzed the process of the solidification by the computer simulation of the two component system which mixed a few impurity atoms.
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Koichi KAKIMOTO, Shin KIKUCHI, Hiroyuki OZOE
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
91-
Published: July 01, 1997
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Molecular dynamics simulation of oxygen in silicon was carried out to study local deformation near oxygen atom. The analysis estimated that these values of equilibrium segregation coefficient of oxygen in silicon and diffusion constant of oxygen in silicon melt are from 0.38 to 0.8 and l0_<-4>cm^2/sec, respectively.
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H Nakanishi, K Nakazato, K Abe, S Maeda, K Terashima
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
92-
Published: July 01, 1997
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We contrived a different style of the Archmedian technique for measuring density of molten semicondutor materials.The density of germanium melt was obtained by the new Archmedian technique. The results showed a good agreement with the density data of corrected surface tension.The new Archmedian technique enables us to measure the accurate density of molten semiconductor materials of which the surface tension is unknown.
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Hahn S.H, T Tsukada, M Hozawa, S Maruyama, N Imaishi, S Kitagawa
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
93-
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In the global analysis of Si Cz system,only diffuse hypothesis,for the surfaces related to radiation heat transfer,has been used without any proof.In this study,the global analysis of heat transfer in the Cz system with diffuse and specular surfaces was carried out,and the effects of the different radiative characteristics of the surfaces on the Si Cz crystal growth were investigated.
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Yoshinori Furukawa
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
94-
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Negative crystals,whish are holes bounded by crystallographic faces.were fomed in ice single crystals by such a method as the evaporating water vapor being evacuated through a thin injection needle pierced into the ice."Growth process"of negative crystals were observed in situ.The growth forms and the evaporation steps observed were anelyzed to investigate the evaporation kinetics.
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Shintaro MIYAZAWA
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
95-
Published: July 01, 1997
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A gas bubble trapping phenomenon and its plausible mechanism in some oxide crystals grown by Czochralskipulling are discussed based on mass now convection in melts. Gas bubble formation is related with a flow of melt oversaturated of gas constituents close to the solidliquid interface.
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Hideki Tsuya
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
96-
Published: July 01, 1997
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Silicon crystal technology is now in a big revolution era.Present status and issues of Si single crystals for subquarter micron devices are discussed in terms of grown in defects,epitaxial growth, 300mm and SOl.
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Takemi UEKI
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
97-
Published: July 01, 1997
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We analyzed the structure of octahedral voids in the bulk of standard silicon wafers. They are often twin type and are about 100 nm in size.The structure of the defect is incompletely octahedron. and is mainly surrounded by{111}planes.Electron diffraction and energy-dispersive Xray spectroscopy analyses suggest that the octahedron defect is void.A 2nm-thick layer exists on each of the side walls of the void defect. Auger electron spectroscopy analysis suggests that the 2nm-thick layer is Si02.
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K Nakai, M Hasebe, Y Ikematsu, T Mizutani, M Fijinami, W Ohashi, T Iwa ...
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
98-
Published: July 01, 1997
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We have developed a quantitative measurement method for the number density, size and morphology of grownin defects in Czochralskigrown silicon (CZ-Si) crystals with a brightfield infraredlaser interferometer (known as Oxygen Precipitate Profiler ; OPP) .Using this method we investigated the effect of crystal cooling condition during crystal growth on the formation of grownin defects by growth holding experiments.
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N Kalkura, M Ataka, T Kubota
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
99-
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Morphodrom of lysozyme crystals was obtained at 23℃ and pH 4.65 by systematically varyjng the NaCl concentration( 1-10%), the protein concentration(0.2-1O%)and the acetate buffer concentration(0-500mM)Spherulitic crystals were always observed. coexisting with the typical tetragonal ones, When the NaCl concentration≧5%.
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Kenji Shimizu, Keiko Otaki
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
100-
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The effect of additiveions on the morphology andthc growth rate of hen egg lysozyme crystal has been measured In addition of ions, the crystal morphology scarcely changed but the crystl growth rate was inhibited This effect may be attributed to the attachment of additive ions to the function group of lysczym.
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Shigeru Sakurazawa, Mitsuo Ataka
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
101-
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We studied crystallization of lysozyme with KSCN as a crystallizing agent. We found that(1)a variety of morphology was obtained,(2)crystals coexisted with amorphous materials and(3)the solubility increased with KSCN concentration above 0.5M
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T Nakada, G Sazaki, S Miyashita, H Komatsu
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
102-
Published: July 01, 1997
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In-situ atomic force microscopy has been employed to investigate the surface structure of growing lysozyme crystals in aqueous solutions with various impurity concentrations.In high purity(>99.9%) lysozme solution.which was purified by high pressure liquid chromatography. the(101)surface showed welldeveloped flat terraces with molecular height steps,while the surface in lower purity solution was covered with a number of impurity particles.
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S Shimazu, Y Kobayashi, M Tachibana, K Kojjma, M Ataka
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
103-
Published: July 01, 1997
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Hen-egg white lysozyme crystals with tetragonal structure was grown by solibility-gradient method using NiCl_2 as a precipitant. Mechanical characteristics, i.e. stress-strain curve.Vickers microhardness, and cleavage, of the grown crystals were investigated.
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H Oki, Y Matsuura, H Komatsu, Chernov A.A
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
104-
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Crystal structure of henegg white lysozyme crystallized at 37℃ in the presence of NaCl was determined at l.7 A resolution by X-ray analysis. We found six neighboring molecules that surround a molecule. of the six contacts. three are independently specified in terms of the mode of atomic interactions. that are named bond-A, B, and C. A chloride ion is bound being involved In bond-A. The crystal morphology is accounted for the directions of these bonds.
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Gen SAZAKI, Eriko YOSHIDA, Toshitaka NAKADA, Satoru MIYASHITA, Hiroshi ...
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
105-
Published: July 01, 1997
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We studied the crystallization of horse spleen ferritin. The size of a ferritin molecule is 13 nm in diameter, and the molecule has very high symmetry (F432). Morphology of the ferritin crystal was drastically changed with the changes in the supersaturation and the type and concentration of impurities. The mechanism of the morphology change will be discussed.
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Tadashi Oheda, Satoru Ueno, Junko Yano, Kiyotaka Sato, Gen Sazaki, Sat ...
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
106-
Published: July 01, 1997
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We studied a nucleation of Taka-arnylase A (TAA).TAA was purificated TAA from Sumizyme and crystallized it from Tris-HCI buffer. A bipyramid crystal form was obtained under the condition of the previous study 1). Solubiity fo TAA was measured T.B.I. method. It was convinced that the solubirity of TAA was significantly high cornpared with lysozyme and strongry depended on temperature.
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Fumitoshi Kaneko, Osamu Shigenaga, Masamichi Kobayashi, Yoshinori Furu ...
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
107-
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Tue crystallization of oleic acid β was investigated with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a micro FT-IR spectrometer. The morphology of single crystals changes sensitively with supecooling, which accompanies a change in melting point. The dendritic and hexagone crystals appearing under △T>2.4℃ and △T<1.3℃ have the same mp of 16.3℃ but show somewhat different intensity ratios, suggesting the difference in the carboxyl group's orientation.
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Atsunori Miyazaki, Satoru Ueno, Junko Yano, Kiyotaka Sato, Yoshizumi F ...
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
108-
Published: July 01, 1997
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Polymorphism and crystallization behavior of alpha-linolenoic acid have been studied using extra pure sample by optical microscopy equipped with a temperature-controlled growth cell, differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).
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Fumitoshi Kaneko, Kazunori Sumiya, Kohji Tashiro, Masao Suzuki
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
109-
Published: July 01, 1997
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Two solid modifications of elaidic acid |trans 18:1(9)aci|,high and low-melting(HM and LM) phases, have been confirmed. The HM phase occurs through a heterogeneous nucleation on the(OO1)crystal face of the LM phase. A perpendicular arrangement of acyl chains was found in the LM phase, which is the first case in fatty acids.
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Chiaki Sano, Nobuya Nagashima
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
110-
Published: July 01, 1997
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Additives induce the β-form crystallization of L-glutamic acid were invesligated. Addition of γ-L-glulamyl-L-glutamic acid (γ-Glu-Glu) induced β-form crystailization even when the seed crystals of α-form were added to lhe system. Also its amide. γ-L-glutamyl-L-glutamine (γ-Glu-Glu) had the same effect as γ-Glu-Glu, but the strength of the β-form-inducing effect of γ-Glu-Glu was about three times as much as that of γ-Glu-Glu. That only γ-Glu-Glu and γ-Glu-Glu could induce β-form among γ-L-glutamyl peptides indicates the structural importance of end -COOH or -CONH2 groups for The β-form selectivity.
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Kenji Waizumi, Mai Kitajjma, Motoi Fujishima, Nobuhiro Fukushima
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
111-
Published: July 01, 1997
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The most stable structures and formation energies of octahedral [ML(H_2O)_5]^+(M = Zn^<2+>,Ca^<2+>,and Cd^<2+>; L= His and Glu)have been calculated by ab initio densitv functional methods with reference to the affinities and coordination structures of the metal ions for the binding sites. The results will be discussed with some experimental data of insulin association phenomena.
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S Ueno, J Yano, K Sato, H Seto, Y Amemiya
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
112-
Published: July 01, 1997
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Melt crystallizations of polymorphic lipids, SOS(sn-1,3-distearoy1-2-oleoyl glycerol)and POP(sn-1,3-dipalmitpy1-2-oleoyl glycerol),have been examined with a time-resolved X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation source. The main result is as follows: the formation of larnellar ordering of SOS and POP occurred more rapidly than that of subcell packing.
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S Nagahisa, H Takigushi, S Ueno, J Yano, K Sato
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
113-
Published: July 01, 1997
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In-situ observation has been done on the acceleration phenomena of heterogeneous nucleation of long-chain n-alcohol crystals, herewith referred to guest solutes, assisted by vapor-deposited thin films of amphipathic moiety of monoacylglyceroles, referred to templates. We observed that the films increased the heterogeneous nucleation rate quickly and guest crystals were sensibly dependent on molecular orient8tion of films by multplication effect of van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bond operating in the lateral packing direcdons of the amphipathic films.
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N Kanzaki, K Onuma, A Ito, K. Teraoka, T TateiShi, S Tsutsumi
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
114-
Published: July 01, 1997
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Growth rate of hydroxyapatite(OOO1)face in a simulated body fluid wasmeasured for the first time by moire phase shift interferometry. Common path type interferometry and new signal processor enabled the precise and stable measurments.
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K. Teraoka, A Ito, K Onuma, T TateiShi, S Tsutsumi
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
115-
Published: July 01, 1997
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Hydroxyapatite(HAP)Single crystals were grown hydrothermally under natural convection and undcr non-convection.Remarkable HAP crystal growth was occurred under natural convection with average and maximum length of2 and 8mm, respectively. Natural convcction stimulated growth rate along c axis of HAP single crystals.
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Kazuo Onuma, Atsuo Ito, Tetsuya Tateishi
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
116-
Published: July 01, 1997
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Dissolution kinetics of dicacium phosphate dihydrate(DCPD) crystal in a physiologcal solution was investigated by in situ atomic force microscopy(AFM). Step velociites as the functions of scanning rates, step orientations and interstep distances were measured to confirm the rate determining process of the dissolution.
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Kazuhiro Hasegawa, Satoru Miyashita, Gen Sazaki, Toshitaka Nakada, Chi ...
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
117-
Published: July 01, 1997
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We measured the concentration gradient layer around a growing L-leucine complex crystal in order to clarify the effect of the solution flow on the crystal growth. With this result and observation of the surface growth morphology, we will discuss the growth mode change introduced by the flow.
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Kenji Shimizu, DongShi Xiao, Kunio Mori
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
118-
Published: July 01, 1997
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Crystal morphology of stearamide from NBR was invcstigated for make dear of the blooming mcchanism. The blooming crystal mcrphology and this process variedmainly with the polarity of NBR.
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Shinichiro Yanagiya, Gen Sazaki, Satoru Miyashita, Toshitaka Nakada, H ...
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
119-
Published: July 01, 1997
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We crystallized HEW lysozyme under the magnetic field of 1-10T. The magnetic field drastically affected the habit of tetragonal lysozyme crystal. We tried to explain the habit change by using solubility change caused by the magnetic field. The effect of the magnetic field on the growth rate will be also discussed.
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Nobuko Wakayama, Mitsuo Ataka, Haruo Abe
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
120-
Published: July 01, 1997
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The magnetic force was used similarly to the centnfugal force in a space shuttle to virtually change the level of gravity. The number of crystals precipitated from the solution was found to increase or decrease, respectively, when the additional force (0.05 G)was applied in the same or opposite direction to normal gravity. This result indicates that the magnitude of gravity can in fact affect the protein crystal growth.
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sigeru Sakurazawa, Mitsuo Ataka, Nobuko Wakayama
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
121-
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We crystallized the monoclinic crystals of lysozyme and myoglobin by applying the magnetic fleld. We found that both of them showed magnetic orientation.
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Yoshihisa Suzuki, Tsutomu Sawada, Hiroshi Komatsu, Satoru Miyashita
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
122-
Published: July 01, 1997
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Tte growth rate of(110)and(101)face of HEW lysozyme crystal(tetragonal form)decreased with pressure, even when the supersanwation o is same at P=0.1,50 and 100 MPa. At each pressure, we have estimated the suface free energies of(110)and(101)face using birth and spread model. They increased with pressure, and the pressure dependences are different each other. It should reflect the ratio of the growth rate changed with pressure.
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A Shiraishi, K.J TAKANO, M Ataka
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
123-
Published: July 01, 1997
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The precipitation from lysozyme solutions was observed systematically as a function of pressure, temperature, pH, concentrations of protein and NaCl. In addition to tetragonal and orthorombic crystals, the precipitate of needle-shape and the white gel were newly observed. The unstable growth forms like bowtie, dendrite and spherulite was observed at high supersaturation.
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Masaaki Sanada, Kazumi Nishioka
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
124-
Published: July 01, 1997
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We considered the physical conditions for the second kinetic critical nucleus to exist. It was found that it exists when the size dependence of the reversible work to form a nucleus is comparable to that of the attachment rate of monomers to a nucleus. The condition corresponds to the cases in which the temperature is high or the surface tension is small.
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K Matumoto, Y Arima, T Irisawa
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
125-
Published: July 01, 1997
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We found the two dimensional critical nucleus size of the stoichiometric A-B crystal using Monte Carlo simulation and report on the partial pressure dependence with critical nucleus size.
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Masaaki Sanada, Kazumi Nishioka, Maksimov lgor L
Article type: Article
1997 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
126-
Published: July 01, 1997
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We estimated the difference in the stady state nucleation rate between the conventional theory and the theory which takes into account the new theory of the critical nucleus. It is found that the difference is not large in usual cases but the conventional formula underestimates the nucleation rate when the state is deep in the runaway instability domain.
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