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2006 Volume 33 Issue 5 Pages
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2006 Volume 33 Issue 5 Pages
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2006 Volume 33 Issue 5 Pages
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Ichiro Sunagawa
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 33 Issue 5 Pages
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Kazuo Onuma
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 33 Issue 5 Pages
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Izumi Yoshizaki, Yoshikazu Iimura, Seijiro Fukuyama, Akio Kadowaki, Ha ...
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 33 Issue 5 Pages
359-365
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The impurity effects on crystal growth and perfection was systematically studied with lysozyme and lysozyme dimer. X-ray diffraction experiment, rocking width measurement, X-ray topography, etching and fluorescence experiments revealed that impurities actually degrade the crystal perfection, and dislocations are the main cause.
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Tetsuo Okutsu, Hiroshi Hiratsuka
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 33 Issue 5 Pages
366-374
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We report photochemically-induced nucleation of lysozyme by a continuous Xenon-lamp irradiation. The photochemical intermediate residual tryptophan radical was observed by transient absorption experiment. The protein radical decays through second order process, which suggests dimer formation. Dirner formation is confirmed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis experiment. We concluded that covalent bonded stable photochemical dimer behaves as the smallest and unstable cluster in an early stage of the nucleation process.
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Tomomi Kubota
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 33 Issue 5 Pages
375-380
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In post-genomic era, glycosylation involved in post-translational modification is one of the central issues in the field of bioscience. Glycosyltransferases synthesize carbohydrate chains, and their structural information is vital to understand their substrate specificities, which would further elucidate the glycosylation process in the cells. Of more than 180 glycosyltransferases identified, only a dozen were successfully crystallized. This is mainly due to the difficulty in the crystallization of enzymes. The enzymes themselves are glycosylated proteins, therefore, it is difficult to obtain a large yield of purified preparation by useful expression hosts of E. coli and yeast. Studies of carbohydrate chains in crystal growth of glyco-protein will facilitate the progress of structural determination of glycoproteins.
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Kiyotaka Shiba
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 33 Issue 5 Pages
381-387
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Isolation of genes that involved in biomineralization has enabled us to construct in vitro reconstitution system for studies on biomineralization mechanisms. In the field of bio-nanotechnology, artificial peptides that specifically bind to the surfaces of various inorganic materials have been created, and have been found to have effects on mineralization of their targets elements. Such artificial peptide binders (peptide aptamers) have extended our repertoire of mineralization that could be controlled by proteins of peptides. In our laboratory, we are creating artificial proteins that could regulate mineralization of inorganic materials by combining natural peptide motifs found in biomineralization proteins and artificial peptides.
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Akira Yamamoto, Yusuke Iimori, Yae Kurosawa
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 33 Issue 5 Pages
388-394
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Hydroxyapatite (Hap) surface has an ability to adsorb various substances such as metal ions, ammo acids, proteins, viruses and cells. The adsorbing ability of Hap surface is currently applied to chromatography column, antigen or antibody carrier for immuno chemistry, and cell scaffold for adhesive cells. This article describes that the adsorption mechanism of these substances on Hap surface, and the applications available in bioindustry fields. Some of these applications can be improved by using more sophisticated Hap materials, such as capillary monolithic-column, immunosorbent for in vitro diagnosis, drug carrier and cell hybrid material with tissue engineered cells. These new applications should be achieved with well-characterized material from the view point of crystallography.
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Masatsugu Shimomura, Hiroshi Yabu, Takeshi Higuchi
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 33 Issue 5 Pages
395-400
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We report spontaneous formation of polymer nanoparticles from a clear solution, containing a non-volatile poor solvent, by slow evaporation of a volatile good solvent. During evaporation of the good solvent, the solution gradually turns turbid. After evaporation of the good solvent, polymer nanoparticles with homogeneous shape and size are dispersed in the poor solvent. Homogeneous nucleation and successive growth of polymer particles is emerged during dynamic non-equilibrium process of the solvent evaporation. Because of the physical generality of particle formation mechanism, this procedure is applicable to a wide variety of polymers when suitable combinations of solvents are chosen. Nanoparticles of polystyrene-isoprene block- copolymer, which forms lamella-type micro-phase separation in its bulk film, were prepared from the THF-water solution. Well-developed lamella nanostructures were clearly observed in polymer particles. Broken symmetry reflected in the piled-up lamellar structure in the spherical shaped polymer assembly suggests the formation mechanism of polymer nanoparticles.
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Toshitaka Nakada
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 33 Issue 5 Pages
401-402
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Shin-ichi Nishizawa
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 33 Issue 5 Pages
403-404
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Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 33 Issue 5 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 33 Issue 5 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 33 Issue 5 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 33 Issue 5 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 33 Issue 5 Pages
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