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Volume 5 (1957 - 1958･･･
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Volume 5, Issue 3
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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An Ideal Personality Viewed from Clinicians' StandpointYoshikazu Ueda1958 Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 1-10,61
Published: October 15, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs ideal personality may be established by the criterion of sound mental health. Having in mind the question “what traits does the mentally sound personality possess?”, efforts have been made in obtaining the answer to the foregoing educational enquete, in reference to fifty clinicians (including psychiatrists and clinical psychologists) in the whole country, who were engaged in the study of this problem constantly.
Its abstract results were:
A. In regard to each standpoint of integration, self-objectification, social adaptability, social independence, appreciation, emotional security, self control, spontaneity, symptoms and natures regarding the sound mental health were being indicated. Moreover thesymptoms and natures most closedly related with each standpoint were also disclosed.
B. In the healthy personality, the necessity of the following items are ascertained.
(1) Equilibrium and harmoney exist in the various tendencies such as “intelligence and emotion”,“absorption in the object matter”, and “isolation from the object matter”.
(2) In its physical and psychical relation to the environment, should be required. strong internal power to live
(3) The ability of each person should be promoted to the maximum, and the individuality shoud. be completely developed.
C. It was discovered, furthermore, that in rating the problem behaviors, the clinicians, in spite of the varied symptoms, carried on their evaluation depending upon the basis of the soundness of personality structure.View full abstractDownload PDF (1680K) -
Through his clay WorksYoko Kumagai1958 Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 11-20,61
Published: October 15, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe activities of sketching objects by means of paper and crayon are easier for little children, because the materials of expression give less difficulty and resistance to them than in the case of clay work. But in, so doing, they enjoy merely the rythmical movement of drawing, and there is no proof that it is closely related with the activities of expression 2-year-old children have not enough power in their hand and fingers as well as their arms their clay work is in such a stage as that of scribbles in the drawing activities. But something that at least can be called from, is found in the clay works of children, from 2 to 3 years old. For example, their clay works are candy or apple sometimes, but they are hard to be recognized objectively.
When they are 4 years old, there can be seen an eminent development in their arts. 4-year-old children show great advance in the formatve acjivities, in all points of duration of interest naming, form-arrangement, activities of handling the material number of the works and so on. But 5-yearold children and 6-year-old children, although the latter are already in the first grade of elementary school, make little difference.
Yet eminent growth appears during the ages of 6 and 8; that is, from the first to the third grade of elementary school. During this period, fanciful expression is frequent, and whatever they may be employed in, they do them very intently. Sometimes they put humorous titles to their works, which makes, grown-ups smile.
During the period from the third grade to the sixth grade of elementary school, there is a more eminent development, than in the case of comparing the first grade pupils with the third grade pupils, in its rapidly growng power of expression such as skillfulness, sense of cubic bodies and sense of motion which produce naturally the works of realism. But the works of the sixth grade pupils show less feeling of being at ease than those of the third grade pupils, and it may come from the fact that those senior pupils care much about the criticism and results against their own works, while it is certain that they are never inclined to dislike their clay works.View full abstractDownload PDF (7768K) -
Nobuko Ishii, Machiko Kurimoto1958 Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 21-31,62
Published: October 15, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe experiments were designed
1. In order to clarify the specific characteristics of children's memory of simple, visually perceived forms. Subjects were 372 children from 4: 6 to 5: 6 of age (mean 5: 0). Test figures were nearly common to those used by Koffka, Wulf, Hebb and others.
2. To avoid the difficulty in the successive reproduction method which Hebb has already pointed oud, procedures of the experiments consisted of both experimental and control groups. The Ss of the former recognized or reproduced the figures only once at each intervals (after five minutes, one hour, one day, one week, two weeks), while the Ss of the latter reproduced successivly.
3. The results are as follows:
1) Reproduced figures showed markedly various modifications, but it was impossible to find a one-directed and autonomous change of memory trace, fror xample, pointing or leveling, as Gestalt psychologists persistently insisted. The directions? of change were rather arbitrary than regular.
2) There were considerable inconsistencies between reproduced and recognized figures by the same Ss. Errors in reproduction did not prevent correct recognitions.
3) Tendencies seen in modified figures by the Ss were inexplicable in many cases, but in some cases, they could be explained as doe to identificationw ith the well-knowno bjects.
4) The application of the means which attract se attention to the details of figures, decreased errors conspicuously, though figures were the same.
5) When test figures were presented with naming on them, Ss showed remarkable tendency to reproduce figures similar to those of the named objects.
4. It is conceivable to add to the cause which interprets the above results that the errors in reproduction should be owing to the Ss' immaturity of abstract attitude, as Goldstein suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (1965K) -
Investigation to Factors of Origination of HospitalismYuji Naito1958 Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 32-40,63
Published: October 15, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this study is to explore main factors which form hospitalism by means of “happinesssensibility inquiry”.
1. Results from the use of “happiness-sensibility inquiry” are as follows:-
a. The source of hapiness-sensibility of children in normal home is their parents' love.
b. The institutional children are apt to get happiness from love of their staffs.
c. In order to adapt themselves to the hardship of life, the institutional children are obliged to cut down the level of hope for happy living.
d. In the institution children who have their parents do not cut down the level of living with hope toward happiness-sensibility. Their happiness- sensibility reflects the condition of their family.
2. Characteristics of institution in comparison with normal home can be stated as follows:
a Shortage of parents' love
b. Complicated human relation such as the children's relation to their parents and to their staffs' as well as staffs' relation to rheir families and to the institutional children
c. Continuation of unusual tension in personal relation
d. Institutional children's isolation from social life
e. Restriction and sacrifice of individual life by laying stress, on efficiency and rationality in a mass livelihood
f. Simplification of living custum; formalized and mechanized human relation which is brought by the principle of equality both
g. Lack of independence in the institutional children, caused from relying on their economical life and difficulty in their self-development due to their common ownership
h. Staffs' mental and physical overwork and insufficient care due to shortage of the staffs, and intermixture of grown-up and young children and those who are handicapped mentally, phsically, or socially.
Further question will be raised in following-up of the process of how this hospitalism grows up by these special characteristics of institution.View full abstractDownload PDF (1695K) -
Socio-psychological Frame of ReferenceNaoki Nishihira1958 Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 41-47,64
Published: October 15, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper dealt with an approach to the theoretical frame of reference in analyzing the Life-Space of adolescent.(LSp) This frame consists of six psychological factors which are acquired frbm our previous experiences and several data. They are:
A. Degree of stability of LSp
B. Degree of freedom of LSp
C. Degree of difficulty of adjustment
D. Degree of differentiation of Time-perspective
E. Degree of healthiness of LSp
F. Degree of integration of values of LSp
These factors were explained concretly by making of an example of the analysis of LSp of adolescent in Okinawa Island. The writer has been methodologically advocating to divide adolescent psychology into general and special and this article is the basic theory of the latter.View full abstractDownload PDF (1312K) -
Shujii IZAWA1958 Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 48-57
Published: October 15, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1782K) -
1958 Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 61
Published: October 15, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (94K)
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