Photophobia in migraine is a symptom with a dazzling light sensibility such as sun and room lighting at the time of headache attack, and the light may also cause headache attack. This paper proposes an optimal light environment for patients with migraine. It is pointed out that intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells for non-image-forming vision could be involved in the mechanism for photophobia of migraine as visual information from retina. The light environment suitable for patients with migraine can be low color temperature and low illuminance and should avoid the higher light component of blue light. Adjustment of the light environment for light-sensitive patients with migraine might possibly reduce headache attack.

In order to prevent aspiration and undernutrition in a super-aging society, preparing meals suitable for individual masticatory and swallowing functions is important. In Japan, there are multiple ways to classify form-adjusted foods, and the names and classification standards have not been standardized. Thus, elderly individuals and caregivers still experience difficulty in choosing suitable products, even if there are ready-to-eat foods on the market that do not need to be cooked at home. In this article, we summarize the Japanese and overseas classification methods of food styles based on the results of texture measurements, sensory tests, and fork pressing tests of nutrient-enriched foods (Okazudango) that we have developed for the elderly, and introduce a simple method to determine appropriate food styles for individual swallowing functions utilizing this method.