粉体および粉末冶金
Online ISSN : 1880-9014
Print ISSN : 0532-8799
ISSN-L : 0532-8799
42 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の27件中1~27を表示しています
  • 林 宏爾
    1995 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 416
    発行日: 1995/04/15
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 簗場 豊, 林 宏爾
    1995 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 417-421
    発行日: 1995/04/15
    公開日: 2009/12/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the previous study, the present authors have theoretically derived the equation of σm=φ⋅KIC⋅Smf1/2 for the fracture of general hard materials, where σm is the flexural strength, g is the shape factor which can be theoretically expressed as V-1/2⋅ψ, V is the volume of the stressed portion of the specimen and φ is the factor which is constant for the same hard materials, KIC is the fracture toughness and Smf is the total macroscopic area of fracture surface. In this study, the σm, the number of fragments (Nf), Smf and KIC were measured for three kinds of specimens of WC-l0mass%Co low carbon two phase cemented carbide which have different cross sections and spans, in order to investigate whether the effect of V (240, 360, 640mm3) on the gradient of σm-Smf1/2 regression line is in accordance with one theoretically deduced from the equation.
    The results obtained were as follows; (1) Both Nf and Smr increased with increasing σm irrespective of V. (2) Both Nf and Smf at a given σm were larger for larger cross section and larger span, i.e., larger V. (3) A strong linear correlation was held between σm and Smf1/2 irrespective of V. (4) The ratio of the gradients of the σm-Smf1/2 regression lines for each two kinds of specimens coincided well with those of V-1/2⋅KIC or V-1/2 as theoretically expected, indicating that the above equation is valid and the value of φ is nearly the same, irrespective of V.
  • 福永 稔, 町田 正弘, 小林 慶三
    1995 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 422-426
    発行日: 1995/04/15
    公開日: 2009/12/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The densification behaviour and high temperature oxidation resistance of WC-Fe-Al, WC-Co-Al and WC-Ni-Al allloys were studied.
    WC-Co-Al alloy has poor sinterability. WC-11.2mass%Ni-0.7mass%Al alloy was densified perfectly and has transvers-rupture strength of 2.1 GPa, but has hardness of HRA 89.8, which is less than that of WC-8.6mass%Fe-1.4mass%Al alloy.
    The weight gain of WC-12.8mass%Fe-0.7mass%Al alloy heated in air at 1073K was same as that of WC-8.6mass%Fe-1.4mass%Al alloy and about a half of that of WC-12.8mass%Co alloy.
  • 石田 真, 林 宏爾
    1995 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 427-431
    発行日: 1995/04/15
    公開日: 2009/12/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The sinterability, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance to zinc-5.3mass%Al molten alloy were investigated for WC-17mass%Co cemented carbides in the phase regions of WC+γ+FC, WC+γ, WC+γ+η, WC+η, WC+η+θ and η+θ+W, i.e., down to extremely low carbon content.
    The results obtained were as follows: (1)The sinterability became inferior with decreasing carbon content; the alloys in the WC+η+θ and η+θ+W regions were not fully densified by sintering even at 1773K for 3.6ks. (2)The hardness(Hv) of the alloy increased with decreasing carbon content from 1150 in the WC+γ region to the maximum value of 1450 in the WC+η region, and then decreased to 1000-970 in WC+η+θ and η+θ+W regions. (3)The flexural strength showed about 1.7GPa even in WC+γ+η region, although it was lower than 3.8GPa in the WC+γ region. (4)All kinds of alloys did not react with the molten zinc alloy at 773K (for 21.6ks).The alloy containing γ phase, however, considerably reacted at 873K above the peritectic temperature of γ1 (Co-Zn intermediate phase) /liquid zinc (839K), while the alloy in the WC+η+θ and η+θ+W region did not reacted.
  • 中野 和則, 井上 勝, 高木 研一
    1995 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 432-437
    発行日: 1995/04/15
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    Cr3C2-Ni cermets are sintered to nearly full density at temperatures of 1525-1575K. These temperatures are too high to form a sintered body on various steel substrates successfully by powder metallurgical technique, so-called sinter-bonding. This technique requires that the sintering of the cermet and the bonding to the steel occur simultaneously. The problem of high sintering temperature can be overcome by an addition of WB to Cr3C2-Ni cermets, which leads to densification at a lower temperature than 1450K. By adding WB, the sintering temperature is considerably reduced, and full density can be achieved within the capability of a sinter-bonding technique.
    The sintering behavior of ternary Cr3C2-Ni-WB cermets was investigated by means of dilatometric and differential thermal analysis. A liquid phase formed by WB-Ni eutectic-like reaction (1300K) prior to Cr3C2-Ni reaction (1500K) promotes densifi-cation.
  • 山崎 裕司, 中野 和則, 岡田 光治, 高木 研一
    1995 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 438-442
    発行日: 1995/04/15
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    Microstructures and mechanical properties of V(Vanadium)-containing MO2NiB2 hard alloys were studied for Ni-6 mass%B-58.6 mass%Mo-(0-12.5) mass%V alloys.
    Boride (M3B2, M:Mo, Ni, V) particle size decreased with increasing V content larger than 5μm for the 0 mass%V alloy and about lμm for the 12.5 mass%V alloy. The crystal structual change of the boride from orthorhombic to tetragonal was responsible for the particle size reduction. The highest transverse-rupture strength (TRS) of 2.5 GPa was obtained for the 12.5 mass%V alloy which exhibited the smallest particle size. The 12.5 mass%V alloy showed small decrease in hardness at high temperatures at 1073 K.
  • 塩貝 達也, 小田野 直水, 指田 則和, 塚本 惠三, 山岸 千丈
    1995 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 443-447
    発行日: 1995/04/15
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    Bending strength and fracture toughness of β-SiA1ON composites were measured before and after heat-treatment. Bending strength at room and high temperatures innereased after heat-treatment. However, fracture toughness and microstructure were not changeed by heattreatment. There was a peak at 1323K in high temperature internal friction for samples before heat-treatment, but the peak was disappeared by heat-treatment. New crystalline phases such as (Y, Yb)2Si2O7 and (Y, Yb)4Al2O9 were observed by crystallization of the grain boundary after heat-treatment.
  • 塩貝 達也, 浅井 義博, 小田野 直水, 南澤 一右, 宮田 昇, 山岸 千丈, 安田 榮一
    1995 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 448-452
    発行日: 1995/04/15
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    The creep and static fatigue of Sialon ceramics with different grain size and fracture toughness were investigated. The grain size was controlled by using two kinds of starting raw materials. One consisted of β -sialon powders mainly, and the other, α -Si3N4 powder mainly. The sintered sialon using β -sialon powders had small grains and low Kc. On the other hand, samples using α -Si3N4 mainly had large grains and high Kc. There was no difference in the creep properties at 1350°C dependent on the grain size. The estimated creep exponent were 1.7-1.9. The crystallization of the grain boundary glass phase to Yb3Al5O12 decreased the strain in primary creep, and inhibited the rupture in short time.
  • 塩貝 達也, 浅井 義博, 指田 則和, 南澤 一右, 宮田 昇, 山岸 千丈, 安田 榮一
    1995 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 453-457
    発行日: 1995/04/15
    公開日: 2009/12/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The fatigue and creep strain behavior of sintered sialons under the cyclic load at 1200°C and 1350°C was investigated. The load-unload cyclic tests were carried out by moving the weight of the creep-testing machine vertically. In unloading periods of the cyclic loading test, there was the pseudo creep-recovery behavior. But, there was no difference in the creep strain related to the total loading time between static and cyclic loading. Furthermore, the fatigue life under the cyclic stress was almost the same as that under the static stress.
  • 塩貝 達也, 指田 則和, 小田野 直水, 塚本 惠三, 山岸 千丈
    1995 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 458-463
    発行日: 1995/04/15
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    SiCw/Sialon composite was made by pressureless sintering and HIP processing. When 5vol% SiCw added and hipped at 1973K, the fracture toughness was higher than monolithic material, but strength was the same level. On the other hand, when 10vol% SiCw added, the changing of fracture toughness was small, but strength was higher than monolithic material. The structure of these composite was observed by SEM. The structure formed with grown up β'-Sialon grain and the small grain. This "composite structure" indicated high strength and high fracture toughness. The structure of monolithic material was similar to composite, but the crack-path cross the Sialon grain. Because of this intragaranular fracture, the fractures toughness of monolithic material was low. It was considered that the effect of SiCw was control of glass phase of grain boundary.
  • 田島 俊造, 山根 八洲男, 黒木 英憲, 鳴瀧 則彦
    1995 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 464-468
    発行日: 1995/04/15
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    Using a high-speed centrifugal compaction process (centrifugal force : 1×104-2×104 G) developed by the authors, a slip prepared from alumina powder with a purity of 99.99 % and an average particle size of 0.22 μ m was compacted, and sintered at 1230°C for 1.5 hours in the atmosphere. The sintered compact has superior mechanical properties, including a 3-point bending strength of 1330 M Pa and a Vickers hardness of 2100.
    The cutting performance of this high-strength alumina sintered compact was studied in this experiment. The results show that tools manufactured using the subject high-speed centrifugal compaction process have relatively high wear resistance and toughness as compared with commercially available high purity alumina ceramic tools.
  • 後藤 孝, 伊藤 永二, 平井 敏雄
    1995 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 469-473
    発行日: 1995/04/15
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    Quasi binary SiC-B4C and ternary Si-B-C system composites were prepared by arc melting in argon atmosphere. The Vickers microhardness (100g load) of the quasi binary SiC-B4C composites decreased from 39 to 34 GPa with increasing SiC molar content (mSiC) from 25 to 65 mol%. The hardness values at mSiC=45 to 55 mol%, which is nearly the eutectic composition, was higher than those calculated from a linear law. This could be caused by fine lamella microstructures. Free C and free Si co-precipitated at the C-rich and Si-rich side of the quasi binary composition, respectively. The hardness values at the quasi binary compositions were greater than those of the C-rich and Si-rich compositions.
  • 宮田 昇, 石田 陽一, 塩貝 達也, 松尾 陽太郎
    1995 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 474-478
    発行日: 1995/04/15
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    The influence of atmosphere and temperature on Young's modulus of porous SiC with the porosity of 0.1%, 10.6%, 23.4% and 30.3% was investigated. In air, young's modulus of SiC with the porosity of 0.1% and 10.6% decreased with temperature, but that of SiC with the porosity of 23.4% and 30.3% increased in the temperature range of 1000 to 1200°C. In argon atomosphere, young's modulus of all SiC decreased with temperature. The difference of young's modulus was related to the oxidation of samples during measuring. Weight gain of porous SiC by the oxidation was bigger than densified SiC.
  • 横井 大円, 辻井 信博, 阿部 源隆, 深浦 健三, 砂田 久吉
    1995 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 481-484
    発行日: 1995/04/15
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effects of quenching and tempering temperatures on microstructure and hardness of 0.35C-5Cr-Mo-V hot-working tool steel processed by powder metallurgy were studied. I/M tool steel having the same chemical composition was also used for discussion. P/M tool steels have fine microstructure with uniformly dispersed carbides, though I/M tool steels have banded structure caused by macro-segregation during the freezing process. The hardness of both I/M and P/M tool steels quenched from various temperatures increased with raising the austenitizing temperature, then saturated over 1350K. The hardness of tempered P/M tool steel was slightly lower than that of I/M tool steel. The austenite grain growth of P/M tool steel was inhibited, i.e., grain coarsening temperature was above 50K higher than that of I/M tool steel.
  • 辻井 信博, 横井 大円, 深浦 健三, 砂田 久吉, 阿部 源隆
    1995 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 485-489
    発行日: 1995/04/15
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effects of quenching and tempering temperatures on microstructure and hardness of 0.4C-4Cr-Mo-V-Nb hot-working tool steel processed by both ingot(I/M) and powder metallurgy(P/M) were studied. The aim of the addition of Nb to JIS SKD6 is to improve the toughness by refining prior austenite grains due to the pinning effect of NbC. In comparison with the conventional tool steel without Nb, the grain coarsening of Nb added I/M tool steel was inhibited considerably. The hardness of I/M tool steel tempered at 873K after quenched from 1303K was above 70HV higher than that of conventional tool steel. On the other hand, the hardness of quenched P/M tool steel was slightly lower than that of I/M tool steel, however, P/M tool steel had fine-grained structure in the case of quenching from high temperature, for example, from 1403K.
  • 伊藤 滋, 塗師 幸浩, 小浦 延幸, 明石 和夫
    1995 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 490-495
    発行日: 1995/04/15
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    The composites consisting of α-quartz crystallites and amorphous SiO2 were prepared by HIP technique, imitating the structure of natural agate which is practically strong and is widely used in the industry, α-quartz and SiO2 glass powders with 5μm in average grain size were used as starting materials. These powders were mixed with the composition of 0, 5, 10, 25, 50 in wt% of α -quartz. This mixture was pressed into a compact with φ12mm×20mm in size. The Pyrex glass capsule containing the compact was hipped at 800-1200°C for 30-240 minutes under the pressure of 50-200MPa. The specimens with the appearance of agate were obtained at 1200°C under 100 and 200MPa. The polarization microphotograph showed that the crystallites were in the amorphous SiO2 matrix. α-quartz was confirmed as the crystalline phase by x-ray powder diffraction method. The composition of α-quartz increased slightly after hipping. Therefore, chemical bonds may be formed between crystallites of α-quartz and amorphous SiO2. Using the starting mixture with 25wt% of α-quartz, the maximum density of 2.50g/cm3 was obtained at 1200°C for 120 minutes under 200MPa. In the case, the maximum bending strength was obtained to be 9.2Kg/mm2, corresponding to 70% of that in the natural agate.
  • 伊藤 滋, 細越 隆司, 明石 和夫
    1995 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 496-500
    発行日: 1995/04/15
    公開日: 2009/12/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Amorphous Ti50-Ni50 powders prepared by MA were sintered by HIP above 700°C to obtain the compacts with non-equilibrium phases.The x-ray diffraction peaks of the specimen obtained at 700°C were relatively weak and broad.On the other hand, the specimen obtained at 900°C consisted of TiNi, Ti2Ni and Ni3Ti with relatively sharp peaks in the x-ray diffraction pattem.The compacts obtained may be in the non-equilibrium states leading to the equilibrium phase of TiNi.The most amorphous like compact was obtained at 700°C for lhr under 200MPa and its density was 6.2g/cm3 corresponding to 94% of the density obtained at 900°C.The grains in the compacts obtained at 700-800°C maintained the shape formed by MA, while the micro structure obtained at 900°C was largely different.The Vickers hardness of the compact obtained at 700°C was 900Hv compared with 800Hv at 900°C.The electric resistivity of the compact obtained at 700°C was 2 times higher than that of TiNi alloy.Anodic polarization curves of the compacts indicated high corrosion resistance in the compact obtained at low Hipping temperature.It was concluded that the high density compact of Ti-Ni was obtained keeping some properties of amorphous metal using low temperature HIP of amorphous Ti-Ni powders.
  • 津守 不二夫, 田村 茂之, 木原 諄二, 相澤 龍彦
    1995 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 501-506
    発行日: 1995/04/15
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    New sintering simulation model is proposed and developed by using the discrete granular elements to make quantitative description of neck growth in sintering. The Kuczynski bi-spherical neck growth model is extended into the time-evolution equations in the multi-granular system even with consideration of the particle size distribution. Through comparison with the experimental results for pure copper granulars, the validity and effectiveness of our developed model is verified. Furthermore, the present method can be easily coupled with the powder compaction analysis to describe difference of sinterability with change of initial structure of powder and to simulate the whole mechanical process from powder compaction to sintering.
  • 飯塚 光宏, 杉原 淳
    1995 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 507-510
    発行日: 1995/04/15
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    The sintered PbTe compacts were prepared by HIP 2hour at 800°C under 22.5MPa in Ar atmosphere. The relative density of sample were 92-94%.
    The grain sizes of HIPed specimen were a little smaller than those of normal sintered specimen. The Seebeck coefficient of HIPed specimen were a value of 440μV/K at 220°C. The specimens behave n-type semiconductor at more than 320°C, although this specimen is p-type semiconductor. This behavior seems to be due to the oxidation of dopant. The electrical resistivities of HIPed specimen were larger than those of normal sintered specimen. The thermal conductivity of HIPed specimen was a value of 2.657 W/mK at 70°C. Figure of merit for HIPed specimen was calculated smaller than that of normal sintered specimen. KEY WORDS
    PbTe, sintering, HIP, microstructure.
  • 田口 功平, 綾田 倫彦, 石原 慶一, 新宮 秀夫
    1995 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 511-516
    発行日: 1995/04/15
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    The Pseuso-HIP reactive sintering (or PseudoHlP-SHS) process which is based on Pseudo-HIP and SHS (Self propagating High-temperature Synthesis) has opened a new fabrication route for producing intermetallic compound materials. The reactive sintering process of TiAl intermetallic compound in which PseudoHIP-SHS was used is presented in this paper. From our results, it was shown that Pseudo-HIP Process effectively utilized the heat release and the transient liquid phase involved in SHS for the densifing the compacts. After the SHS process, the relative density of the compacts set in the Pseudo-HIP equipment was increased to more than 99% as the Pseudo-HIP temperature was increased. It was possible for microstructure control of duplex or fully lamellar structure to be conducted under atmospheric pressure after the Pseudo-HIP reactive sintering, and the strength of a duplex structure controlled under atmospheric pressure resulted in the strength approximately equal to that controlled under the mechanical pressure of the Pseudo-HIP. Following these results, near-net shaping of a valve spring retainer for an automobile engine by the use of PseudoHlP-SHS was tried. Consequently, the results of motoring tests demonstrated that the spring retainer increased the maximum engine revolution because of the 40% reduction in weight of the current Fe alloy used in the engine.
  • 池 浩之, 寺田 修, 鈴木 寿
    1995 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 517-521
    発行日: 1995/04/15
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    The micro-grained WC-(6-13)mass%Co alloys containing VC up to 5mass% in binder were sintered in vacuum under different conditions. Mechanical properties of the alloys such as hardness(HV) and transverse-rupture strength (σm) were studied as a function of carbide grain size(d ?? =0.25-1.3μm) or mean free path of binder(λ=0.02-0.13μm), and Co content.
    The HV of micro-grained alloys was suggested to increase towards a value between 1800 and 1900 with decreasing d ?? (λ), in no relation to the Co content. The alloys were found to show a excellent value of σm that is, 3.0-4.0GPa (according to the Japanese industrial standard), because the defect size acting as the fracture source became smaller in the micro-grained alloys comparing with that of the usual alloys having coarser carbide grain size. It was noted that fractured structure developed just under the Vickers hardness indentation in each alloy.
  • 浅香 一夫
    1995 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 522-527
    発行日: 1995/04/15
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper reports the effect of elements C, Cu, Ni and P on the diffusion bonding strength of iron-based green compacts during sintering.
    As the result, it has been clarified that the material selections for assembled compacts should be based on the difference of thermal expansion curves of both materials during sintering, and that the additive elements which show large diffusion coefficient into iron should be chosen.
    Among the above mentioned elements, C is the most effective and Ni is the least effective.
  • 児玉 浩亨, 植木 光生, 鈴木 寿
    1995 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 528-531
    発行日: 1995/04/15
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to obtain the uniform thickness of Al2O3 film coated through TiC and TiN films on WC-βt-Co cemented carbide tools by CVD, the effect of CO2 content in the atmosphere, gas pressure, the amount of gas flow, etc. on deposition rate, microstructure and quality of Al2O3 film were mainly studied.It was found that the deposition rate of Al2O3 film increased and the difference in film thickness between edge and flat of specimen decreased, with increasing CO2 content. It was suggested that the strength of Al2O3 film and adhesive strength between Al2O3 and TiN-TiC films were not affected by CO2 content in CVD atmosphere.
  • Shigetoshi Muranaka, Shusei Matsuda
    1995 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 532-536
    発行日: 1995/04/15
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    Indium oxide films were reactively deposited on CeO2 films at substrate temperatures of 25-100°C. The influence of the CeO2 substrate on the film structure and their physical properties was studied. It was found that at 60°C, crystallized films were deposited on the CeO2 films 60Å thick and above, while films were quasi-amorphous on the thinner CeO2 films. At 100°C, films were a crystallized even on very thin CeO2 films of 25Å. The electrical resistivity of the films deposited at 60°C was drastically decreased with improvement in the crystallinity, while that of the films deposited at 100°C was slightly increased. The crystallized films showed much higher optical transmittance than the amorphous or quasi-amorphous films.
    The films were also deposited on the CeO2 substrates by reactive DC sputtering and the structure was studied.
  • チィチルンルアウン ウィスット, 李 尚憲, 秋葉 幸男, 黒須 楯生, 飯田 昌盛
    1995 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 537-543
    発行日: 1995/04/15
    公開日: 2009/12/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The relation between electrical properties of Y-Ba-Cu-O ceramic superconductor and externally applied magnetic field has been studied. The electrical resistance of the superconductor increased by the application of the external magnetic field. But the increase continues even after the removal of the magnetic field. The reason is as follows; the magnetic flux due to the external magnetic field penetrates through the supercondutor and the penetrated magnetic flux is trapped after the removal of the magnetic field. Some portion of the superconductor changes to the normal state by the trapped magnetic flux. The appearance of the normal state yields to the increase in the electrical resistance Electrical characteristics of the superconductor with trapped magnetic fluxes are extremely sensitive to the external magnetic field and show the different responses which depend on the direction of the magnetic field. Considering these properties of the superconductor with trapped magnetic fluxes, a magnetic sensor is fabricated. This sensor is able to detect simultaneously both the intensity and the direction of the magnetic field. The sensitivity of the sensor is less than 10-4T.
  • 岡 英夫
    1995 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 544-547
    発行日: 1995/04/15
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    The magnetic agar, which was previously reported by the author, has several problems such as low permeability and complicated manufacturing process. The purpose of this study is to report a simple manufacturing process of the magnetic agar, by selecting magnetic powder of high permeability. Measurements show the mixing limits of magnetic powder and powder agar.
  • 岡 英夫
    1995 年 42 巻 4 号 p. 548-551
    発行日: 1995/04/15
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study is to manufacture magnetic Japanese lacquer wood which has a high relative permeability at high frequencies. The author utilized Japanese lacquer (Urushi:lacquer sap obtained from Rhus verniciflua) which has electrical insulation properties and is suitable adhesives.
    The relative permeability and loss coefficient of four types of magnetic powder, mixed with different ratios of lacquer and magnetic powder were examined in this study. Measurements showed that a molybdenum permalloy based magnetic wood has the highest relative permeability.
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