日本ロボット学会誌
Online ISSN : 1884-7145
Print ISSN : 0289-1824
ISSN-L : 0289-1824
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30 巻, 5 号
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論文
  • 対人インタラクションのための伸縮可能な被覆型柔軟ニットセンサ外装の開発
    吉海 智晃, 福島 寛子, 小林 一也, 稲葉 雅幸
    2012 年 30 巻 5 号 p. 505-514
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/07/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.30.505
    ジャーナル フリー
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    In order for humanoid robots to behave with soft contacts among humans, whole-body tactile sensing function is indispensable. For enclosing whole-body regions of a humanoid, softness and the stretchable property is necessary especially for the regions around joints. Although there are some studies to realize a whole-body enclosing-type tactile sensing exterior so far, most of them have difficulties to enclose the joint regions. Therefore, we propose the method to construct a soft stretchable enclosing type tactile sensing exterior using electro-conductive knitting structure and about 200% stretchable and pressure sensitive exterior can be realized. Furthermore cardigan type knit sensor exterior is developed and the feasibility of the proposed method is confirmed through behavior experiments by a humanoid wearing the developed cardigan knit sensor.
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  • 安全な2足ロボットの実現に向けた弾性アクチュエータの各軸独立による多軸制振制御
    須賀 貴裕, 藤本 康孝
    2012 年 30 巻 5 号 p. 515-523
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/07/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.30.515
    ジャーナル フリー
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    We have developed safe, soft, and energy-saving actuators which have the elastic mechanism. Using proposed soft actuators, a robot with twelve joints has been developed. Due to the elasticity of the actuator, vibration of joints arises when usual joint control is adopted. In this paper, a new vibration suppression control based on Lie algebra is proposed. Rubustness for inertia fluctuation is evaluated by experiments. Finally, standing experiment by using the proposed control has been carried out.
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  • 筋拮抗比の概念に基づくヒト歩行動作の運動要素分解
    平井 宏明, 飯村 太紀, 井上 恵太, 宮崎 文夫
    2012 年 30 巻 5 号 p. 524-533
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/07/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.30.524
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    The problem of motor redundancy is well known as Bernstein's problem, named after the scientist who first posed the knotty problem in the early 1930s. At present, it is still a mystery how the central nervous system (CNS) solves the ill-posed problem of motor control. We recently made a discovery that links with influential hypotheses that the CNS may produce movements by combining units of motor output. This paper introduces the key concept we call the “A-A ratio,” which is the EMG ratio of agonist-antagonist muscle pairs. The statistical analysis based on the A-A ratio specifies that (1) human lower limb movement during walking is explained as the superposition of a few modular units, and that (2) decomposed modules encode the kinematic information of body movement. The results also clarifies that various hypotheses, such as the muscle synergy hypothesis, the population vector hypothesis, and the convergent force fields hypothesis, are different interpretations of a common equation derived from our analysis. The concept of an A-A ratio provides a beneficial suggestion to many studies on muscle-synergy extraction and gives an important clue to solving Bernstein's problem of redundant degrees of freedom.
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  • モーションタブレット：次元削減法を利用したヒューマノイド用全身運動合成インタフェース
    射庭 彩人, 松原 崇充, 木戸出 正繼
    2012 年 30 巻 5 号 p. 534-543
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/07/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.30.534
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    With the increase of the number of humanoid robots, the importance in developing a motion planning and synthesis tool that can easily be dealt by general users without a long training process have been growing for a wide range of applications. To this end, in this paper, we propose a novel user interface allowing whole-body motion planning and synthesis for humanoid robots. Our interface consists of two fundamental elements. The first element is a process for automatically constructing a 2D graphical interface from a variety of motion data by using a dimensionality reduction method so that all topological features of each motion and similarities among different motions are preserved. With the constructed interface, the user can synthesize a variety of whole-body motions by simply following the lines on the plane. The second element is a motion-interpolation process for the synthesized motions even if the user roughly indicates motions by the interface. These elements allow to synthesize smooth and naturally-looking whole body motions even by a general user. We developed a system composed of a tablet-type input device and a small humanoid robot for the validation of our method. Through experiments with human subjects, the effectiveness of the proposed approach was validated.
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  • 家庭用ロボットの事故発生リスク低減を目的とする取り扱い方法確認対話システム
    西沢 俊広, 木下 和樹, 高野 陽介, 藤田 善弘, 油田 信一
    2012 年 30 巻 5 号 p. 544-551
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/07/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.30.544
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    Recently, the social demands for home service robots are increasing. For the development of home robots, we must consider and reduce the risk of accidents in using the robots. In this paper, we propose a new method of the robot which can reduce the risk of accidents by itself. The robot with the proposed method acts in the following way: (1) The robot explains the user about possible risks while using the desired function, (2) The user confirms to the robot that he/she understands the warning, (3) The robot recognizes the user's understanding, and then (4) The robot provides the desired function to the user. We named this method as ``confirmation dialogue system''. We implemented a simple prototype system as an example of the confirmation dialogue system in our home robot PaPeRo, and have collected user's feedback after some experiments. Our prototype system has demonstrated the effectiveness of this method for reducing risks in home robots.
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  • 速度履歴に基づくねじ推進ヘビ型ロボットの先頭追従制御
    有泉 亮, 福島 宏明, 松野 文俊
    2012 年 30 巻 5 号 p. 552-559
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/07/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.30.552
    ジャーナル フリー
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    This paper presents a front-unit-following control method for a snake-like robot using screw drive mechanism. The operators are required to command only one unit in the head, then commands for the rest of the units are automatically calculated to track the path of the preceding units. The proposed method estimates the tracking error expressed in the Frenet frame using past velocity commands in order to determine the control inputs. Since the past velocity commands stored at discrete points are used for estimation of the tracking error, we also propose a method to dynamically change the data storage interval for reducing the amount of data stored, without losing the accuracy of estimation. Effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by computer simulations and laboratory experiments.
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