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Hidetoshi Miyashita, Takahito Ono, Masayoshi Esashi
Article type: Article
Pages
295-296
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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It is found that the application of negative substrate bias enhances the growth of the carbon nanotubes in hot-filament chemical vapor deposition. This growth enhancement effect is applied to synthesize an individual carbon nanotube on the apex of silicon tip scanning probe microscopy. The silicon tip of the probe for the scanning probe microscopy is coated with 5nm tick thin film by spattering. Carbon nanotube is grown on the top of the tip by the deposition under the sample bias of -300V. It is demonstrated that the silicon probe grown a carbon nanotube exhibits a high resolution in SPM imaging. Similar experiments are performed on faced silicon electrodes with a narrow gap where a voltage of 30V is applied between the electrodes during the growth. Carbon nanotube grown from negatively biased electrode forms a freestanding bridge structure between the electrodes.
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Ichiro OGURA
Article type: Article
Pages
297-298
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper presents on-machine measurement system of ultra-precision lathe. The work piece in this study is a brittle material, such as optical glass. To establish a technique of crack free machining of brittle materials, nano metric tool controlling for material is necessary. The on-machine measurement before cutting is very important to decide precise tool feed. From the measurement data, the profile generation data not to propagate crack can be decided. However, the on-machine measurement system was set to the ultra-precision lathe, It was still difficult to connect correctly between the measurement data origin and the cutting data origin. When we use the center point of rotating main axis as datum point, we can connect measurement data and cutting data. Then in this study, we propose new method to detect center of rotation using the flat skew surface and on-machine measurement sensor. Experimental results showed good detecting for center of rotation and its repeatability was 0.01mm. The cutting data was decided from measurement result and profile generation experiment performed. The minute pattern over optical glass without any crack was obtained, and this showed the efficiency of our proposal method.
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Masayuki HONDA, Libo ZHOU, Jun SHIMIZU, Hiroshi EDA, Hiroyuki OHTA
Article type: Article
Pages
299-300
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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High integration of semiconductor devices requires not only a very good surface integrity in terms of surface, flatness and etc., but also damage free at subsurface of the machined silicon wafers. Little is understood regarding to the mechanism of residual stress, strain and dislocation generated at the grinding process with different conditions. In this report, the single crystal silicon {111} plane were analyzed by use of PSPC (Position Sensitive Proportional Counter) for X-ray diffraction, and the results were discussed to investigate the effects of grinding process on different orientation of Silicon.
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Toshiyuki ENOMOTO, Kenji KAWATA, Yishen LU, Yasuhiro TANI
Article type: Article
Pages
301-302
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Double-sided polishing is widely applied to obtain extreme flatness in thin workpieces. The polishing, however, has problem relating to roll off due to the deformation of polishing pads. In this study, a four body finishing utilizing polymer particles, that is, a pad-free polishing is introduced to overcome the above-mentioned problem. A series of experiments revealed that the surface quality and the polishing efficiency are comparable to those obtained by conventional polishing and that the flatness is significantly improved. Furthermore, it was found that the surface roughness of tool plate and the thickness of carrier have important effects on polishing performances.
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Kenji KAWATA, Toshiyuki ENOMOTO, Yishen LU, Yasuhiro TANI
Article type: Article
Pages
303-304
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A new type of four body finishing process has been developed. In this process, instead of polishing pads, which are employed in conventional polishing processes, a rigid tool plate and polymer particles, added into the polishing slurry with abrasives, are employed in combination to realize high precision mirror finishing. Various materials of workpieces have been used to examine the method's ability, and high quality mirror finished surfaces have been obtained. Also it has been found that the combination of abrasives and polymer particles has very important effect on finishing characteristics.
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Yoichi AKAGAMI, Noritsugu UMEHARA
Article type: Article
Pages
305-306
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The abrasive particles dispersion typed functional fluid have been found to reciprocate between electrode under AC field at low frequencies. We have tested the positive use of this phenomenon in finishing process. In this study, in order to obtain the high performance 3D polishing test machine. This evaluation test was confirmed that applied electric field to this functional fluid will be expected a increase in polishing effect.
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Hideki KAWAKUBO, Kazuhiro TSUCHIYA
Article type: Article
Pages
307-308
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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2D surface was polished by magnetic polishing method using slurry. Slurry is continuously supplied to the particle brush formed by iron powder, in order to improve the polishing efficiency. And, relative motion between the particle brush and the workpiece is generated by oscillatory motion of the workpiece, in order to maintain the edge shape of 2D surface. In this paper, polishing performance of V-groove surface was examined. The results got by this experiment are as follows : (1) It was clarified that shape transfer type magnetic pole was suitable in the partial polishing of V-groove. (2) Flat magnetic pole is suitable, when both of V-groove and plane are polished at one time. (3) It is possible to smooth 2D surface without changing the edge shape.
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Yasunori CHIBA, Yasuhiro TANI, Kiyoshi YANAGIHARA
Article type: Article
Pages
309-310
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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An electroplated slicing wire with diamond abrasives is demanded for silicon wafer making process because of its long tool life and high productivity. Although It has a serious problem for its production that the electroplating rate in conventional method is generally very low under 1μm/min. Therefore brush plating method which is one of the high speed plating techbiques has been tried to apply for the wire production. After various kinds of the modifications and tests to fit for wire production, next results were identified. : (1) Nickel sulfamate bath is the most suitable for brush plating. (2) Manufacturing time could be shortened by higher current density in this plating process than that in the conventional. (3) Quality of plating depends on maximum current density of circuit and revolution of brushing wheel. (4) Density of plated abrasives on a wire depends on revolution and felt brush structure of brushing wheel. (5) The wire by this plating method has higher slicing performance than a conventional one.
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Hitoshi OHMORI, Weimin LIN, Yutang DAI, Toru SUZUKI, Hideo TASHIRO, Ak ...
Article type: Article
Pages
311-312
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Large-scale SiC lightweight mirrors are usually designed as non-uniformity rib-structures in the rear face for reducing weight. Both the optical face and the rib of the mirror are so thin that deformation of the profile caused by grinding force cannot be neglected. The electrolytic in-process dressing (ELID) of grinding wheels attains specular finishs on brittle materials, with high efficiency and surface roughness on the nanometer scale. In this study, the profile deformation of a SiC work during grinding processes was investigated by ELID grinding experiment and FEM simulation method. Especially, in order to finish large-scale SiC lightweight mirrors with high form acuracy, a new method combined ELID-grinding and machining simulation was proposed.
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Hitoshi Ohmori, Yutaka WATANABE, Kazutoshi KATAHIRA, Weimin LIN, Hideo ...
Article type: Article
Pages
313-314
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A new electrical grinding method (Electrolytic In-Process Dressing Grinding) for the fabrication of machined surfaces with desirable characteristics for biomaterials and other engineering applications is presented. Conventional biomaterials, such as stainless steel and titanium alloy, require enhanced chemical stability and wear resistance, which are dependent on the quality of the surface oxide layer. However, it is difficult to produce sufficiently homogenous oxide layers by alumina polish finishing alone. The electrical grinding method proposed in this study, in which electric current is applied to the grinding fluid in the machining process, improves oxide formation on the finished surfaces, thereby realizing finished surfaces with extremely thick and stable oxide layers. Compared with alumina polishing, electrical grinding yields machined surfaces having excellent corrosion resistance.
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Hitoshi Ohmori, Yutaka WATANABE, Kazutoshi KATAHIRA, Weimin LIN, Hideo ...
Article type: Article
Pages
315-316
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A new electrical grinding method (Electrolytic In-Process Dressing Grinding) for the fabrication of machined surfaces with desirable characteristics for biomaterials (stainless steel and titanium alloy) and hard film (TiAIN film) is presented. The electrical grinding method proposed in this study, in which electric current is applied to the grinding fluid in the machining process, improves oxide formation on the finished surfaces, thereby realizing finished surfaces with extremely thick and stable oxide layers. Compared with alumina polishing, electrical grinding yields machined surfaces having excellent corrosion resistance. Furthermore, in addition to the highly smooth surface, an oxide layer formed by electrical grinding imparts a higher Vickers hardness and superior tribological properties to machined surfaces.
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Hiroyuki Hanyu, Masuo Saitoh, Yoshihiko Kondoh, Yoshihiko Murakami, Ya ...
Article type: Article
Pages
317-318
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Recently, to reduce the amount of energy consumption and to protect the earth environment, we had concentrated to develop dry and semi-dry machining. But in the case of cutting aluminum alloy, we could not establish efficient method of dry and semi-dry machining due to their high adhesive property. Authors had developed finely crystallized diamond coated tool, which have smooth surface and sharp cutting edge. Using these cutting tools, we had achieved remarkable effects in cutting aluminum alloys under dry and semi-dry condition.
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Masahiko JIN, Sadao TAKEUCHI, Masao MURAKAWA
Article type: Article
Pages
319-320
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this study, an effective turning method for manufacturing microrods is investigated. The following two issues are proposed; 1) the use of a cutting path in which the cutting resistance does not affect the production of microrods during the turning operation, and 2) the use of an inclined ultrasonic vibration cutting method as the turning method, in which the cutting resistance can be effectively reduced. As a result of our experiments, we found that hardened die steel microrods with a diameter of 50μm and an aspect ratio of 100 and greater, can be fabricated by the proposed cutting method. Thus, it is clarified that the proposed turning method is effective for manufacturing microrods.
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Haruyo FUKUI, JUNYA Okida, IKEGAYA Akihiko, Kazuo YAMAGATA, Hideki MOR ...
Article type: Article
Pages
321-322
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this work, tribological behaviors and cutting performance of DLC coated cutting tools were investigated. Pin-on-disk experiments were conducted on DLC-coated cemented carbide disks, using an aluminum alloy ball as a pin material. DLC coatings had a low friction coefficient (μ∿0.1) against the aluminum alloys. The DLC-coated tools were evaluated for aluminum alloys machining. The results show that DLC-coated tools can be used to reduce adhesion between a tool and a workpiece. The reduction of adhesion occurred because of the low friction coefficient. Therefore, smooth surface of the workpiece was obtained. In order to analyze the cutting process, Finite Elements Method (FEM) simulation was used. The FEM simulation of a contact between the tool and the workpiece enabled to explain a phenomenon of the cutting process. In the case of dry machining of the aluminum alloys, DLC-coated tools have excellent potential compared to non-coated tools.
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Hideharu KATO, Kazuhiro SHINTANI, Toshinori FUJITA, Osamu YAMAZAKI
Article type: Article
Pages
323-324
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Polybenzimidazole (PBI) is one of the engineering plastic materials. This material is expected to increase demand due to its excellent strength properties and heat resistance. It was reported that high-speed end milling of this material using the coated diamond tool was effective. However, it is a problem that the micro-crack remains in the finished surface after cutting. In this study, the damage mechanism of finished surface in high-speed milling of PBI material was investigated. As a result of the observation in the finished surface, it is clarified that many cracks perpendicularly occurs for the cutting direction, and these cracks affect the surface roughness. Also, it is clarified that these cracks propagate from the surface to the inside of workpiece material and the direction of crack propagation is different by the size of the rake angle. The progress direction of the crack tends to approach the cutting direction with the increase of the rake angle. Therefore, the surface damage expands using the large rake angle, when the finishing edge passed above the cracks.
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Takashi HARADA, Shinya UESAKA, Hitoshi SUMIYA
Article type: Article
Pages
325-326
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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High-purity Polycrystalline cBN can be synthesized from hBN by the direct conversion method under HPHT condition without additives or catalyst. Such polycrystalline cBNs under various conditions were prepared and investigated to clarify the effect of impurities and microstructure on cutting performance of the materials. When the amount of the compressed hBN exceeded 0.5%, the cutting performance was found to deteriorate rapidly in high-speed interrupted cutting test of gray cast iron. The tool life of polycrystalline cBN of coarse grade (1-5μm) was found to be shorter than that of fine grade (<0.5μm) by the breakage of the tool edge. From TEM observation, it was found that coarse cBN grains have crystal defects and straight grain boundaries, which are thought to weaken the mechanical strength. It was confirmed that the reduction of remaining compressed hBN (<0.5%) and the suppression of coarsening of cBN grain (<1μ1) are necessary for polycrystalline cBN having excellent performance.
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Kazuo Yamamoto, Itsurou Tajima
Article type: Article
Pages
327-328
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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CBN is used as a cutting tool material of the hardened steel. Recently, the cutting speed by cBN tool shows the tendency to rise around Europe. In addition, the improvement of the quality of the surface of the work after cutting processing by cBN tool is requested. We made the cBN sintered compact of fine grain and carried out the cutting test of the hardened steel. As a result, the cBN compact of fine grain showed an excellent cutting performance in a high-speed cutting of the hardened steel.
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Kenichi HIROSAKI, Kazuhiro SHINTANI, Hideharu KATO, Hitoshi SUMIYA
Article type: Article
Pages
329-330
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A binder-less cBN tool with improved high temperature durability was applied for machining of titanium alloys. The tool exhibited lower extent of flank wear and kept sharper cutting edge compared to the tools made of cemented carbide, sintered cubic boron nitride and polycrystalline diamond with Co-based binder, after machining operation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy under condition in cutting speed of 4.2 m/s with application of high pressure coolant. Using the binder-less cBN tool, the cutting performance for two types of vanadium-free titanium alloys, Ti-6A6-2Nb-1Ta and Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al, was investigated. For the former alloy the extent of flank wear was almost equivalent to that for the Ti-6Al-4V alloy with similar mechanical property. The cutting edge of the tool failed in earlier stage for machining of the Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al alloy with higher tensile strength than Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
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Kazuhiro SHINTANI, Yutaka NISHIJIMA, Kazuteru TAKAI, Masashi TANI, Fum ...
Article type: Article
Pages
331-332
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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As for binder-less PcBN tool, the tool life was shortened on high speed turning of gray cast iron over 40.00m/s. This cause was that cutting heat accumulates in the binder-less PcBN sintered body and cutting temperature was raised to 1620K which was the temperature for deteriorating the binder-less sintered material. Therefore, the cutting temperature control system which used the cooling method by peltier module was built. It is clarified that tool temperature was reduced by applying the system at high speed condition at 45.00m/s. As a result of having applied this system the wear rate was reduced to about 1/50,and the productivity was improved at 1.25 times.
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Libo ZHOU, Yuta YAGUCHI, Jun SHIMIZU, Hiroshi EDA, Tsunemoto KURIYAGAW ...
Article type: Article
Pages
333-334
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In order to meet the demands of high integration in electronic and optical applications, mechanical micro-machining technology [1,2] has been progressing rapidly in recent years for its 3D accessibility to a variety of materials. Newly developed in this research is a multifunctional machining system capable of micro-milling, turning, grinding, buffing, polishing, EDM, ECM, laser machining and their combinations. This paper reports design and development of the system and its application in micro lens mold fabrication.
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Yoshinori KONDA, Tsuyoshi MATSUKA, Shinichi WARISAWA, Yoshitsugu KADOW ...
Article type: Article
Pages
335-336
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In order to solve some problems relating to airflow caused by rotating chuck of a CNC lathe or turning center, the airflow in a closed space assumed a machining space is observed by means of the tuft and tracer methods. Flow visualizations are carried out when chuck rotating speeds are 2000,3000,and 4000(min)^<-1>, and also the rotating directions of chuck are clockwise and counterclockwise. The investigation shows some characteristic airflow patterns in the close space; (1) After a radial airflow blowing from the rotating chuck strikes the panel near the headstock side, the airflow goes in the direction of tailstock through the surface of panel. (2) Vortex-like flow is occurred near the tailstock panel side. (3) The region of weak airflow exists on the slant and bottom panels.
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Min XIAO, Keijin SATO, Shu KARUBE, Tatsuo SOUTOME
Article type: Article
Pages
337-338
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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It is difficult to machine nickelbase alloy Inconel600 because of arising chatter vibration and tool crack. In conventional cutting, the tool edge with a small corner radius is very important in order to suppress the chatter vibration. However, the sharp tool edge has an adverse effect on tool strength and surface finish for machining hardened steels. Meanwhile, it is clear from our previous theoretical and experimental studies that vibration cutting is a stable cutting process. As a different approach to solve chatter vibration and tool strength problem in hard machining, this paper propose a vibration cutting method with a large corner radius. The experimental results show that the method can be applied to precision machining of hardened steel.
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Yoshihiro UEHARA, Hitoshi OHMORI, Yutaka YAMAGATA, Toru SUZUKI, Weimin ...
Article type: Article
Pages
339-340
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this study, we attempted to develop a desk-top 4-axes machine "TRIDER-X" mounting an ELID system. This paper describes concepts and history of the machine, and detailed investigations on the performance of the machine. A Flat surface was ground using the desk-top 4-axes machine "TRIDER-X" mounting an ELID system. Good surface roughness was achieved.
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Junichi SATO, Hisanori TANIYAMA, Jun SHIMIZU, Libo ZHOU, Hiroshi EDA
Article type: Article
Pages
341-342
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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MEMS is getting a lot attention in processing micro devices. But, these processing is limited to mass production and structure. So, micro machining is reconsidered because that is efficient way to process three-dimentional shape, to make complex structure. The propose of this investigation is to analyze the effect of material's inhomogeneity in carbon steel and size effect on the shape, accuracy of dimension, machinability. Micro scratching test is one of the methods to analyze these phenomena. This paper reports on the results of micro scratching conduct on the S25C and discussion on the deformation mechanism of cementite in pearlite.
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Hiroyuki HARADA, Tadao KAGIWADA
Article type: Article
Pages
343-344
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In general grinding process of ball nut, interference between inner-surface of workpiece and wheel-quill occurs because of quill inclination along the lead angle of ball nut. The higher the lead of ball nut, the shorter the available length of ball nut. In the proposed method, quill inclination could be decided freely within angles not to occur the interference, and wheel is formed into the optimum shape by which accurate gothic-arc would be obtained. Method for calculating the optimum wheel shape is reported and a high-lead ball nut is produced by way of trial. It is shown that, in this method, wheel with relatively larger diameter could be used and that would improve grinding condition.
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Shugo YASUDA, Koichi MORISHIGE, Yoshimi TAKEUCHI
Article type: Article
Pages
345-346
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This study deals with the main processor for 6-axis control character line machining. In machining with conventional rotational tools, the cutting remains depending on the tool radius may take place at corner parts. Though machining with small radius tool can remove to some degree, it is difficult to remove completely. Therefore, 6-axis control machining has been studied. This machining uses non-rotational tools, and enables to apply to the shapes impossible to be machined for rotational tools. However, there are many kinds of non-rotational tool, and the tool selection on the basis of the target shapes and cutting way is important. CAM system developed in this study can select a non-rotational tool for the target shape, and can generate tool paths in the consideration of tool interference.
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Yuya IZAWA, Koichi MORISHIGE, Feliciano H. JAPITANA, Shugo YASUDA, Yos ...
Article type: Article
Pages
347-348
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Simultaneous 6-axis control machining with a non-rotational tool is effective to create sharp corners and character lines, which cannot be machined with conventional rotational tools. However, the machining method is not necessarily efficient due to the small depth of cut and the low feed speed. On the other hand, the application of 5-axis control machining with rotational tools will be very effective in terms of the depth of cut and the feed speed. This paper proposes the highly efficient and accurate machining method using 6-axis control machining together with 5-axis control one, and discrives the generating method of cutting point data for each machining on the basis of 3-dimentional CAD data.
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Takashi YAMAMOTO, Michihiro OSHIMA, Yoshio YOKOYAMA, Toshio MIYAGI
Article type: Article
Pages
349-350
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper describes a new grinding system that incorporates a measurement unit to enable autonomous high-precision grinding control. The valve seat diameter, which is the dimension of intersection of two cones with a small angular difference, is difficult to measure at high accuracy with any of conventional techniques. For the new grinding system to overcome this difficulty, we developed the seat diameter measurement unit based on a new idea of incorporating an image processing system. The developed unit provides five times higher measurement accuracy than the conventional technique. In addition to this unit, the new grinding system contains a grinding unit that can process two different cones to a high precision without unloading the workpiece, and uses a different control algorithm for each fluctuation factor in grinding. All these features have realized the new grinding system that has three times as high precision as that of conventional systems.
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Yuuki FUCHIGAMI, Yasuhiro YAMADA, Yoshiaki KOMURA
Article type: Article
Pages
351-352
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper looks at a system for inspection of quality of a probe's reaction force characteristics. This system, until now considered difficult to realize, automates the inspection method utilizing the touching of an inspector's finger. Linear regression analysis, Fast Fourier Transform and a neural network (NN) approach is applied to the system for probes to learn an inspector's finger judgment. We provide an input layer of a NN with fifty-five nodes corresponding to a time series of reaction forces of a probe and an output layer with three nodes corresponding to a judgment; being one of non-defective, defective, or unable to judge. From experimental results, the effectiveness of the system has been clarified.
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Takashi MATSUMURA
Article type: Article
Pages
353-354
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Immune system is applied to control machining process with trouble shootings. Antigen and antibody are regarded as process trouble and operation for keeping normal condition respectively. The intensity of operation to be performed is shown by concentration of antibody. Idiotype network, which makes antibody stimulate or suppress other antibodies, is applied so that operations are performed with considering many factors related to one another. The machining system can respond to the same troubles after having an experience with the ability of immunological memory.
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Susumu FUJII, Toshiya KAIHARA, Xiaoming ZHANG
Article type: Article
Pages
355-356
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Tool management in FMS can strongly affect the effectiveness of FMS. We had proposed a FMS model which comprises a tool center. In this paper, we investigate a tool management method, which includes the tool planning method for deciding the total number of tools that should be prepared and the scheduling method for the allocation of jobs and tools according to the dynamically changing situations. A heuristic method named ε-greedy search algorithm for the tool planning is proposed. By simulation we compare the different scheduling policies for investigating the effectiveness in order to obtain basic insight for the application of our proposed FMS model.
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Takuma UTSUNOMIYA, Susumu FUJII, Toshiya KAIHARA
Article type: Article
Pages
357-358
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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As market becomes complicated, manufacturing system is required to be more flexible. In this paper, we propose a new manufacturing system, which is composed of square arrayed machining cells (MCs). Each cell can process any operation of any work by having required tool sets and programs. Applying an auction-based algorithm, each cell selects next work to be processed by answering bid price based on its decision-making. By computational simulation, we confirm the proposed method to specialize MCs for processing autonomously.
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Yoshiro FUKUDA, Michito HIROSE
Article type: Article
Pages
359-360
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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As consumer's needs are diversified in this decade, production systems are required to change from mass-production to agile production. Cellular Production System is proposed in order to change to agile production. The proposed system can be following a fluctuation of demand in the market, but it is difficult to make a reasonable layout and to plan a production schedule dynamically. Therefore, in this paper, an operation of Cellular Production System is analyzed, a planning method for Cellular Production System is proposed, and the scheduling result with simulation is reported.
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Koji FURUSAWA, Yasuyuki NISHIOKA
Article type: Article
Pages
361-362
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A booking-type production system (BTPS) with Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) technologies is designed to make synchronization of market demand and manufacturing capability. However, from a view point of profit of a company, it is not enough in the competitive market environment. In terms of profit, the system should consider how to decide the price of products, i.e., production seat prices. This paper proposes a pricing method of production seat, in consideration of demand information and the production situation. Controlling prices of production seats, the method tries to make the most resource utilization, and the total profit maximum as well.
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Hiroshi Fujiwara, Tatsuya Ninagawa, Yoshikazu Okishio, Yoshiaki Morisa ...
Article type: Article
Pages
363-364
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A production scheduling algorithm based on a genetic algorithm (GA) has been developed for rationalizing production planning at a PWB assembly factory, and achieving a system for optimizing the capability of the entire factory. Technical features of the developed algorithm include that reduction of solution space by placing adaptability functions at different hierarchical levels, parallel computation using the island model employing multiple computers and increased efficiency of searching the proximity area of the optimum solution. The developed algorithm enables the rapid creation of an optimized production schedule.
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Hiroki OKUBO, Naomichi KAMADA, Hisashi ONARI
Article type: Article
Pages
365-366
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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We have already proposed the Contract-based Production Control System (CPCS) as the concrete example of distributed autonomous production control system. In this paper, we designed the detail contracting procedure for the production progress in CPCS based on a state-transition graph. In these graphs, a job has 22 states and 46 events, and a work-cell has 17 states and 32 events. As a result of static analysis in these graphs, there is not contradiction and deadlock because these graph are "state machine". In the petri-net simulation analysis, we confirmed that the infinity loop didn't occur. Moreover, a job or a work-cell, which has a dominant position, had better call for. And so, according to the ratio of job to work-cell, to switch from applying to calling for or from calling for to applying has a good influence on production lead-time.
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Masatomo INUI
Article type: Article
Pages
367-368
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Mold and die manufacturing is a fundamental technology of the mechanical production. Because of the economical reason, major manufacturing companies in Japan are changing their mold and die suppliers from domestic companies to companies in other Asian countries. In order to support the Japanese die and mold manufactures, some national projects are in progress. Their common concept is an extraction of the manufacturing skill of the expert engineers and its transformation to the computer programs. In this paper, the author proposes another approach toward the skill-less manufacturing of molds and dies. The concept of our approach is the development of ultra fact CAM programs, so that the manufacturing experts can use their skill more efficiently. Based on this concept, our group is developing some CAM programs, which can execute complex geometric computations for process planning, NC data generation and its verification 10 to 100 times faster. Basic idea, used technology and some developed applications are briefly introduced.
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Minoru YOSHII
Article type: Article
Pages
369-370
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In recent years, expansion of products variety is becoming indispensable to comply with diversification of customers needs. We intend to achieve this expansion of products variety by combining each functional modular design, and the production that synchronizes with demand by means of reduction (cost cutting) of production variety and "zero" stock by using modular and mixed production on the same line. Then customers satisfaction and management satisfaction are compatible. The purpose of construction of integrated development/production platform system is to enable guarantee of quality and easy production in the design stage of upstream by sharing the process and information from development stage to production stage.
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Shigetoshi NORITAKE, Masahiro NAKAYAMA, Minoru TANAKA, Ayako NOMURA, N ...
Article type: Article
Pages
371-372
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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We have developed an object-oriented simulator to estimate of production capacity of production systems. Using idea and function of object-oriented systems, we can develop programs of some equipment efficiently, that are machining, conveyor, AGV, materials handling, and so on. We need prepare class library beforehand to simulate production models easily. But it is difficult to design the structure of class library from the different view points between production designers and simulation specialists. This paper proposes the concept about the hierarchy of object-oriented class library with double view points. With our concept, we have constructed the class library for the Machining shop Line.
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Hironori HIBINO, Yoshiro FUKUDA
Article type: Article
Pages
373-374
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this research, our objective is to establish a distributed simulation system which can be used easily in the industries. Therefore our distributed simulation system is developed using IEEE1516 standard High Level Architecture which is only one standard as distributed simulation system architectures. In this paper, we focus on user support system for setting up the distributed simulation system. At first, we summarize requirements for the support system. Secondly, functions for the support system are specified. Finally, we propose and develop the support system.
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Kentarou SASHIO, Susumu FUJII, Toshiya KAIHARA
Article type: Article
Pages
375-376
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The Distributed Virtual Factory (DVF) based on the concept of distributed simulation has been proposed as a new simulation environment to evaluate the performance of large scale manufacturing systems. To develop a DVF, it is necessary to integrate existing area-level simulators independently modeled in each area via computer network. Area-level simulators must be equipped with three functions, such as communication, synchronization and data handling. Data handler manages external data which are required for each simulator. These functions are called communication interface. In this study, the data handler is implemented by utilizing database and a experimental DVF is developed by integrating various simulators under different environments.
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Michiko MATSUDA, Eiji ARAI, Nobumasa NAKANO
Article type: Article
Pages
377-378
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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ISO/TC184/SC5/WG4 (Manufacturing Software and Its Environment) is working on ISO16100 : Manufacturing software capability profiling for interoperability. This paper reports on a manufacturing software interoperability framework and a capability profiling methodology which were proposed and developed through this international standardization activity. A software interoperability framework consists of a set of elements and rules for describing the capability of software units to support the requirements of a manufacturing application. The Capability profiling methodology shall make use of the domain-specific attributes and methods associated with each specific software unit to describe capability profiles in terms of unit name, manufacturing functions, and other needed class properties.
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Koji IWAMURA, Yutaka MORISHITA, Yoshitaka TANIMIZU, Nobuhiro SUGIMURA
Article type: Article
Pages
379-380
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper deals with a real time scheduling system of a holonic manufacturing system for machining process. The holonic manufacturing system was proposed aiming at realizing more flexible and robust control structures of the manufacturing systems which can cope with the variety of the products and the unscheduled disruptions, such as status changes of equipment and input of high priority jobs. Decision making procedures of individual holons are discussed in the paper to establish a real-time scheduling method, and an emulation system for evaluation of real-time scheduling process.
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Keiichi SHIRASE, Susumu HONJO, Hidefumi WAKAMATSU, Akira TSUMAYA, Eiji ...
Article type: Article
Pages
381-382
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In an advanced factory, higher and higher flexibility is required to meet a grate variety of customers' requirements. In this environment, a dynamic management architecture is required for a distributed production system. In this paper, a newly distributed simulation architecture called HLA (High Level Architecture) is utilized to achieve a distributed scheduling simulation for dynamic job assignment and flexible working group configuration in a distributed production system. It is verified that the distributed scheduling simulation based on HLA is effective to achieve higher flexibility for a distributed production system, by several case studies.
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Nobuhiro HAYASHI
Article type: Article
Pages
383-384
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In recent years, a customer's needs are in the inclination of diversification increasingly. A manufacturing industry needs to produce more kinds of products with smaller lot composition, and needs to deliver to a customer by the shorter lead time. Therefore, at a factory, a flexible manufacturing execution system which can respond to those customer needs is desired. Then, the distributed autonomy production system is proposed as one method of meeting those demands. This paper describes the manufacturing execution system which aimed at the application to an autonomous distributed production system.
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Nobutaka TORII, Yasunari DOI, Yasuhiro YAMADA, Yoshiaki KOMURA
Article type: Article
Pages
385-386
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this paper, we propose a reconfigurable parts feeder in an assembly system for parts recycling. The reconfigurable parts feeder consists of three types of plates, each with its own parts feeding directions, such as forward, right forward and left forward. A robotic manipulator of the assembly system sequentially allocates the desired plates on holders to reconfigure the required parts feeding route. Holders are positioned at regular intervals on a base plate. The vibrations of the plate are realized with a piezoelectric actuator in each holder. The parts feeding direction of each plate depends on the frequency of the input voltage and the characteristics of the mechanical structure of the plate. The motion of the vibratory surface of the plate generates the part movement of the part on the plate. Experimental results of a prototype reconfigurable parts feeder are shown in this paper.
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Rei HINO, [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
Pages
387-388
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A new concept of holonic manufacturing system is proposed in order to construct next generation of manufacturing systems. The concept proposed here is an extension of the concept of holon, which is proposed by A. Koestler 1967,from the point of view of autonomy and cooperation of a system element. In this paper, as an example of holonic manufacturing system, a holarchy of a machining center, which is a typical system element of machining systems, is introduced according to the concept of holonic manufacturing system. A warehouse is also introduced as another example of holarchy of holonic manufacturing resource.
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Fumihiko Kimura
Article type: Article
Pages
389-390
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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It is strongly required to realize competitive and optimized manufacturing systems which can flexibly and rapidly adapt to radical changes of products and production technology throughout the whole life cycle of manufacturing systems. For coping with such issues, general methodology for enhancing reusability of manufacturing facilities and resources is considered. It is important to establish a theory and method of designing manufacturing systems integrated with intended product portfolio. It is effective to investigate product family concept and manufacturing system modularization. Systematic design method is proposed from top-down functional analysis to physically realizable facilities and resources, where comprehensive modeling and simulation of manufacturing systems and processes based on advanced information technology is fully utilized. Importance of mapping between product variety and facility limitation is shown. Topics for further research is discussed.
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Masahiko ONOSATO
Article type: Article
Pages
391-392
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The modularity is now considered as the key concept of the current manufacturing systems. The modularity was originally investigated in software engineering and it has never been examined in the context of manufacturing systems configuration. This paper firstly introduces five aspects of modules, which are segmentation, operation, encapsulation, independence, and interface, and then explains five relationships in manufacturing systems, which are cohesion, similarity, continuity, cooperation, and dependece. The concept of modularity in manufacturing systems is redefined by using the conceptual scheme of modularity for manufacturing.
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Takumi KOJIMA
Article type: Article
Pages
393-394
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The condition of Real market is the same space, and the same time. As for another make that is Virtual market have to become asynchronous. Sharing model as the information catalyst is needed there. In Many to Many type c-Business in manufacturing, the production technology as the commercialization process becomes the object. As for dealings of the production technology, the expression of information on it is difficult. The technology transfer probability through the product becomes a problem. In addition, the quantification of a unit technological element, which composes the transference probability, becomes a problem, too. These computation models are inter-technology analysis as sharing model.
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