Isoprene is the most important biogenic volatile organic compound emitted from terrestrial vegetation. Although isoprene emission plays a protective role in the plant biology, it imposes great impact on the tropospheric chemistry. Isoprene emission is therefore important not only for its protective role in the plant biology but also for its reactivity in the tropospheric chemistry. Emission of isoprene is controlled by light and temperature at the leaf level over short time of period. Our previous study also showed that the temperature and light responses of isoprene emissions from tropical trees differed from those of temperate plant, suggesting the uniqueness of isoprene emission machinery in the tropical plants. In this review, we describe the regulatory mechanism of isoprene emission at gene expression as well as enzyme level, and also try to refer to its industrial application for the isoprene monomer production in combination with fermentation technology.

Corals having unicellular algae (zooxanthellae) grow faster with the aid of symbiotic zooxanthellae living within their animal cells. Wax esters and triacylglycerol function as a storage lipids in coral. Roughly coral soft tissues contain 30% lipids in dried weight. Recent higher water temperature due to global warming causes loss of symbiotic algae from the host coral (we call as coral bleaching), and then coral itself consume storage lipids. Similarly, loss of storage lipids has been observed in diseased (skeletal anomalies, or tumor) coral tissue. These suggest that storage lipids have an important role to regulate coral homeostasis and assume environment condition of coral reefs.