A mild metal-free synthesis of polyfunctionalized N-acyl-N,O-hemiacetals was developed via the nucleophilic addition of unactivated amides to vicinal tricarbonyl compounds. The protocol demonstrated a wide substrate scope, with good isolated yields. The obtained N-acyl-N,O-hemiacetals could be converted into difunctionalized N-acylimines under mild reaction conditions by acetylation of the hydroxy group. In addition, a one-pot synthesis of O-acetyl-N-acyl-N,O-acetals was also achieved. O-Acetylated compounds showed quite good stability and storability even under air. These features represent that O-acetylated acetals serve as excellent precursors for functionalized N-acylimines. The synthetic utility of the generated difunctionalized N-acylimine was successfully demonstrated by examples of the addition reactions using various nucleophiles.

The Dynamics of droplets on the surface of substrate, i.e., impact, wetting and dewetting, were studied abundantly. These phenomena are not only interesting from the viewpoint of basic science but also important for industrial applications, for example, designs of ink in inkjet-printers or of pesticides.

When a droplet is pure and does not contain the chemicals which interact with the surface of a substrate, the impact, wetting and dewetting are simple. In this case, the shape of a droplet will approach the equilibrium one, depending on the contact angle between a droplet and a substrate. When a droplet contains such chemicals that interact with the surface of a substrate, however, the wetting and dewetting become more complicated. And for almost all industrial applications, such complicated phenomena, which are called as reactive dewetting, should be controlled. Reactive dewetting is observed when a droplet contains chemicals (surfactants) which interact with the surface of a substrate. Here, we will show the experimental results regarding reactive dewetting and analyze them semi-quantitatively. We will also consider the application potency of these results.