Ionic liquids are a class of solvents with peculiar properties and have many advantages in comparison to classical organic solvent from the standpoint of sustainable green chemistry. Aiming to discuss potential of ionic liquids for organic syntheses, this mini review has been focused on three topics: the first is recent trend of the use of ILs for organic syntheses, and the second is activation methods of several types of reactions using ionic liquids. The last is application of ILs for enzymatic reactions using typical lipase-catalyzed reactions as model reaction.

Ionic liquids are electrolytes consisting of only ions without solvents. They have advantages such as non-volatility, non-flammability, thermal and electrochemical stabilities giving an high safety to large-scaled batteries for energy storage purposes. In addition, extended operation temperatures above room temperatures provide excellent battery performances which are not achievable by the conventional electrolytes. In this article, the ionic liquid electrolytes for lithium ion batteries and sodium ion batteries, their properties are introduced as well as their applications for secondary batteries.

a specific effect of FSI anion in ionic liquid-based (IL) electrolytes on negative/positive electrodes for Li-ion battery (LIB) is discussed with focusing on an anonymous structure derived by FSI at an electrode interphase. This specific interphase provides not only reversibility of typical LIB electrodes but also a high power capability to LIB in spite of high viscosity of the IL electrolyte systems. These merits are derived from a specific electrode interface different from an SEI-based interface in conventional electrolytes. We also introduce the application of LIB with FSI-based IL electrolytes on a special battery for cosmic space as novel space material engineering.