Journal of the Japanese Society of Snow and Ice

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The glaciological and meteorological observations were carried out on the perennial snow patch, named as “Hamaguri-yuki” at 2750m above ses level, in the cirque at Tsurugizawa of the Tateyama mountain range in the Central Japan (36°36'N and 137°37'E). The obtained results are as follows,
1) The area of the “Hamaguri-yuki” snow patch at the end of ablation season in 1967 was 4778m² and its mass was 0.9 × 10⁴ tons, that is, 1.3% of the mass at the beginning of ablation season, 67.5 × 10⁴ tons.
2) It was found by core drilling that the “Hamaguri-yuki” snow patch in 1967 consisted of three ice layers, the oldest of which was estimated as three years old. It can be said, therefore, that this snow patch once disappeared completely or nearly completely in 1964, after the observations were made on the same snow patch by the Toyama University Science Research Organization in 1963.
3) The “Hamaguri-yuki” snow patch in 1967 could be divided into the accumulation area and ablation ares, the accumulation area ratio (AAR) being 0.54.
4) Size of ice grains of the “Hamaguri-yuki” snow patch in 1967 was less than 1.5mm. It was found by the ice fabric studies that the crystallographic orientation of the principal axis of ice grains at the lowest part of the snow patch showed a tendency to concentrate in a direction parallel to the slope of ground at the base.

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Asahikawa city in Hokkaido in winter has very low temperature despite its situation in the middle latitude zone, and frequent ground inversion, since it is located in the inland.
The area of pulp mills in the northeast of the city and its neighborhood is covered every norning in winter by thick smog which consits of smoke and steam originated from those mills.
There are sometimes obrerved falls, of considerable intensity, of snow from the somog layer, which is named by A-Yamamoto “Factory Snow”.
The present paper gives the record of the Factory Snow observed during 1967 through 1970.
Though the crystal of th Factory Snow is found essentially the same as that formed through the process of the Nakaya's diagram, its formation process should of course be different.
The investigation on the formation of the Factory Snow in future will be of some help for development of cloud physics, because the formation is considered to be made under the intermediate condition between natural process and laboratory process.

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