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Volume 35 (1973)
- Issue 4 Pages 169-
- Issue 3 Pages 117-
- Issue 2 Pages 59-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 35, Issue 2
Displaying 1-3 of 3 articles from this issue
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Shin-etsu KAMADA, Masao TAKEIUCHI1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 59-62
Published: June 30, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlbedo of the surface of pavement is closely related to behavior of the surface temperature of pavement. Therefore, it is an effective factor for a theoretical analysis of the surface temperature. The observation of albedo was made at the surface of a dense grade asphalt concrete pavement in Ebetsu-shi, Hokkaido during the period from November 5 to November 6, 1971.
Two net radiometers were set up on the surface mentioned above, one for measurements of net radio fluxes and the other for upward radio fluxes both at the surface. Temperatures at the surface were measured with thermocouples. The observed data were discussed in connection with the accuracy of the observation and were used in the calculation of albedo at the surface.
As a result, it was found that the albedo for short wave was 12.1% in case of dry surface, 7.4% wet surface, and the albedo for long wave was 1.5±1.0% in case of wet surface. The fact that for short wave the albedo at the dry surface is larger than at the wet surface agrees with the behavior of albedo as regards soil surface.View full abstractDownload PDF (369K) -
Masayoshi SUGIMORI1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 63-71
Published: June 30, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe technique of snow melting from roads and streets, and the mechanical removal of snow are assessed from a viewpoint of the snowless city planning. Melting is the best method to clear away snow, but this method is known to require enormous energy. If we would carry out the snow melting in 25 per cent of the entire area of city planning in the cold or heavy snowy regions of Japan, the amount of total energy expended would be as large as 8.5 × 1013 kcal, which corresponds to 0.8 per cent of the total primary energy that would be expended throughout the country in 1985. It might be impossible to spend that much energy in melting snow even in the future.
The snow melting equipment, especially that of electrical heating, must be laid allover the objective area. This is quite different from the case of air conditioning, which can be conducted with only one apparatus in one room and with a definite operation system. Thus, the snow melting is very expensive in both equipment cost and running cost.
Usually snow on the road or street is removed by plowing. However, heavy snowfall causes difficulties in keeping the street wide enough for traffic and for hauling remaining snow from streets and building sites.
As far as the concept of “snowless city” refers to a city where snow is completely cleaned away, it would be very difficult to actualize such a city. So, discussion should be made on what is meant by a snowless city and what would be the optimum technology for making the city snowless.View full abstractDownload PDF (1272K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...1973 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 99-106
Published: June 30, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1306K)
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