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Volume 66 (2004)
- Issue 6 Pages 623-
- Issue 5 Pages 541-
- Issue 4 Pages 463-
- Issue 3 Pages 341-
- Issue 2 Pages 149-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
Volume 66, Issue 5
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Climatological characteristics and local influences on occurrence of freezing precipitation in JapanHiroki MATSUSHITA, Fumihiko NISHIO2004 Volume 66 Issue 5 Pages 541-552
Published: September 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: February 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have examined geographical distributions, and seasonal and annual variations, of occurrences of freezing precipitation (rain and drizzle) and ice pellets, by using Japan Meteorological Agency surface meteorological data for the past 14 winter seasons (November 1989-May 2003). In Japan, these precipitation types have often occurred for the period January to March, and are observed about ten times every winter. Freezing rain falls only a few times each season, mostly from December to January.
Most of the freezing rain and ice pellets occur in the inland ravines in the northern Chubu region, and in plains on the Pacific Ocean side of northern Kanto. The atmospheric condition when the freezing rain and ice pellets were observed in both regions was examined. As a result, it was found that local meteorology and geographical features strongly influence the formation of the cold air layer in which descending raindrops become supercooled in the vicinity of the ground. In inland ravines, a cold air reservoir within each basin plays an important role in the formation of the cold air layer near the ground. In the plains on Pacific Ocean side, in contrast, cold air drainage from inland peculiar to these plains contributed to forming the cold air layer. In addition, advected warm air layer melts snowflakes associated with the synoptic low-pressure system above the cold air layers providing the conditions required for freezing rain or ice pellets to occur.View full abstractDownload PDF (10228K) -
1st Report: Theoretical prediction of ice storage in a cold region and model examinationKoji FUMOTO, Hideaki YAMAGISHI2004 Volume 66 Issue 5 Pages 553-560
Published: September 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 07, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Cold regions, snow and ice are kept until summer, and this cold energy is used for storage of the harvest and for air conditioning of public facilities. This research aims at using natural cold thermal energy as a cold source in the area of Kushiro, Hokkaido. The storage ice is made in a 20ft type insulated container using natural heat during winter. After that, the container is stored in cool climate until summer. It is conveyed to other areas on demand, and the storage ice is used as cold thermal energy for a city. This report theoretically predicts the amount of residual ice in the small ice shell stored in an isulated container. The calculation is based on weather conditions in the Kushiro area. In addition, a model experiment in a lowtemperature room has been carried out. As a result, it is shown that climate of Kushiro is suitable for cold thermal storage. The result of theoretical prediction about ice residual quantity and the model experiment are reasonably good in agreement.View full abstractDownload PDF (4901K) -
Masahiro KAJIKAWA, Hiroshi GOTO, Kosei KANAYA, Katsuhiro KIKUCHI2004 Volume 66 Issue 5 Pages 561-565
Published: September 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 07, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing observational data obtained in the inland area of Akita Prefecture, northern Japan, the relationships between dry new snow density and meteorological elements were analyzed statistically. From multiple regression analysis, the following regression equations, which are statistically significant, were obtained for the several dominant snow crystal shapes comprising snowfall.
Spatial dendrites :ρ=13.3+53.9R+6.54V1
(γ2=0.948, 10% in singnificant level)
Stellar crystals :ρ=23.4+37.5R+7.32V1+0.579T
(γ2=0.817, 5% in singnificant level)
Rimed stellar crystals:ρ=41.2+8.26R+5.16V1+0.422T
(γ2=0.442, 5% in singnificant level)
Rimed spatial dendrites:ρ=67.5+23.4R-1.29V1+3.65T
(γ2=0.369, 5% in singnificant level)
In these equations, ρ(kg·m-3)is the new snow density, R(mm·hr-1)the mean precipitation intensity, V1(m·s-1) the wind speed at 1(m) in height the over snow surface, and T(°C) the mean air temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (2838K) -
Kunio RIKIISHI, Yukari TOJO2004 Volume 66 Issue 5 Pages 567-580
Published: September 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: February 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCharacteristics of snowfall in the Yokote Basin, Akita Prefectur, are examined in order to study the mechanism of heavy snowfall in an inland basin by using three-hourly AMeDAS observation data during the period January - February of the years 1980-1997. It is shown that about 40 % of the heavy snowfalls at Yokote station were observed under windless conditions while about 35 % were during northwesterly monsoons.
The heavy snowfalls in calm weather were found to occur during the night and early morning. At the same time, weak northwesterly winds with speeds of about 2m/s were observed in the coastal plain areas, and the surrounding areas of the Yokote basin were also nearly windless. This may imply that weak monsoon air from the Sea of Japan was lifted over the cold lake air generated by radiation cooling, causing both calm weather and heavy snowfall in and around the Yokote Basin.
On the other hand, heavy snowfall was often observed in the Yokote Basin when relatively strong northwesterly winds converged toward the basin and flowed over the mountain ranges east and south of the basin. The snowfall rate increased with decreasing wind speed, suggesting that the ascent of northwesterly monsoons over the mountain ranges generated snow clouds over the upwind regions and brought calm weather in the basin. This type of snowfall could take place in the daytime as well as in the nighttime.
The characteristics of snowfall in the Yokote Basin are compared with those in other basins such as Asahikawa, Shinjo and Tohka-machi Basins in order to obtain a general picture of the mechanism of heavy snowfall in inland basins.View full abstractDownload PDF (16596K) -
Takashi NONAKA, Tsuneo MATSUNAGA, Akira HOYANO2004 Volume 66 Issue 5 Pages 581-590
Published: September 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: August 07, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThough ice breakup dates on lakes at mid-high latitude are important as an index of climate change, there has been little in-situ ice breakup date data of Eurasian lakes. To obtain some understanding of ice breakup dates on such lakes, an ice breakup date estimation method using time series of lake surface temperatures derived from satellite remote sensing data from spring to summer was developed. In this study, the spatial distribution of the ice breakup dates on Lake Baikal over a 3-year period was investigated using this method. The results show that the ice breakup date varies over 3 to 6 weeks, depending mainly on latitude. The ice breakup date is about a week earlier on the west coast than in the center of the lake. Then a time series of the ice breakup dates over a 20-year period on Lake Khanka was examined. The result reveals that the ice breakup date on Lake Khanka varies by 10 to 15 date over a 5 to 10 year cycle. A trend toward earlier ice breakup was not observed over a 20-year period.View full abstractDownload PDF (11713K) -
Zhaoyu YANG, Chunlei BI, Teruyuki SUZUKI, Seigo SAWADA, Satoshi YAMASH ...2004 Volume 66 Issue 5 Pages 591-597
Published: September 15, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: February 05, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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