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Volume 75 (2013)
- Issue 6 Pages 429-
- Issue 5 Pages 253-
- Issue 4 Pages 183-
- Issue 3 Pages 111-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
Volume 75, Issue 6
Displaying 1-3 of 3 articles from this issue
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Takafumi KATSUSHIMA, Toshiro KUMAKURA, Satoru YAMAGUCHI2013 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 429-439
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2023
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSWe conducted sensitivity analyses using a two-dimensional numerical simulation model for revealing the behavior water channeling flow through horizontally heterogeneous snowpack giving a dimple pattern of the interface between two different snow layers. The water channeling flow tends to develop under the conditions of large difference of snow grain diameters between the upper and the lower layer, large wave height or short wavelength of the dimple pattern. These conditions provide the high water concentration to the lower position on the layer boundary. In the condition when the wave height is small or the snow grain diameter is small, the water concentration is small and the water channeling flow does not develop. A large width of the water channeling flow path is observed in the condition of the long wave length or the small difference of the snow grain diameters. The width of water channeling flow path proportionally increases depending on the wavelength. The wavelength has a significant role for the width of water channel.View full abstractDownload PDF (1158K) -
Kouichi NISHIMURA, Hideki NARITA, Toshihiro OZEKI2013 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 441-447
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2023
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSIn this study, we prepared three types of snow: precipitation particles (PP), depth hoar (DH), and melt forms (MF). First, the snow was reinforced using solidified aniline and set on a microtome. Subsequently, each sample was sliced into pieces 20 to 40 μm thick and the surfaces were rubbed with water blue powder, which dyed ice particles on the cross sections. After taking a picture, the same procedures were repeated 200 to 300 times. All the pictures were integrated after precisely adjusting the position and 3D structures of the three snow types were constructed. Using the TRI/3D-BON (RATOC System Engineering), which was developed to analyze the 3D bone structure, several specific features including the specific surface area and Fractal dimensions were quantitatively obtained for each sample. The specific surface area was highest for PP type snow and lowest for MF type snow. Although this trend was the same as that obtained in previous studies, the specific surface area magnitudes were slightly larger for PP and DH. The indexes indicating the average ice thickness and mean air separation were highest for MF type snow and lowest for PP type snow.View full abstractDownload PDF (1592K) -
Hayato ARAKAWA, Kaoru IZUMI, Katsuhisa KAWASHIMA, Yoshiyuki ISHII2013 Volume 75 Issue 6 Pages 449-460
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: March 01, 2023
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe hardness H of various types of snow samples was measured with a handy-type loadgauge (push-gauge）. Then, diethyl phthalate was cast into snow samples in situ and the mean grain size Dg and the mean pore size dp were measured by the run-length method in the cold laboratory. All snow sample were dry with snow density ρs ranging between 91 to 494 kg m−3. H ranged from 0.8 to 597.8 kPa, Dg 0.07 to 0.89 mm, and dp 0.28 to 2.26mm. Hardness demonstrates an upward trend with the increment of ρs, and hardness is revealed to be a power function of dp. Additionally, the relationship between snow microstructure and forces acting on the attachment was considered a simple model of destruction of snow. It was revealed that hardness has a tendency to increase with Dg. Thus, hardness H may be formulated as H =0.1633 Dg ρsdp−3for all snow samples. By deformation of the formula, a condition that hardness of snow types of the equi-temperature metamorphism is correlated with 4thpower of ρs was shown as ϕ3Dg2=constant, where ϕ is porosity.View full abstractDownload PDF (1315K)
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