Journal of the Japanese Society of Snow and Ice
Online ISSN : 1883-6267
Print ISSN : 0373-1006
Search
Advanced search
OR
Browse
Search
Volume 55, Issue 4
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
Show all abstracts
    • |<
    • <
    • 1
    • >
    • >|
  • Hydraulic conveying of snow and ice
    Development of a snow-fraction meter
    Takuo KITAHARA, Masataka SHIRAKASHI
    1993 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages 307-315
    Published: December 30, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: August 07, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5331/seppyo.55.307
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    A new method to measure the fraction of snow or ice in snow-water or ice-water mixture has been developed in this study. This paper describes the application of techniques for the development of the meter and the test results. The basic principle employed is the conductometric method or the electrical conductance measurement. Some techniques devised for the development are described. They are the improvement of electrical circuit for resistance measurement, the use of “auxiliary electrodes”, the introduction of the aspect ratio of the particles and so on. The method was tested using a prototype snow-fraction meter in a testing apparatus. The experimental results show that the meter is sufficiently practical. This new method is expected to be useful for hydraulic conveying of snow or ice.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (3917K)
  • Long-term trend of human body snow damage and its social background
    An examination of two prefectures, Yamagata and Niigata
    Natsuo NUMANO
    1993 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages 317-326
    Published: December 30, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: August 07, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5331/seppyo.55.317
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    After the rapid economic growth in past three decades in Japan, the nature of snow damage has changed remarkably. It is easily understood that the main cause of this change is due to the social factor. This paper examines the year-to-year change of snow damage in the period of 1955-1989, and analyzes its social background. Data of snow damage cases accompanied by any injury to human body, named herein as human body snow damage (HBSD), were collected and classified from local newspapers. Two neighboring prefectures of Yamagata and Niigata were selected as case study areas, which are located in the central part of the snowy area of Japan. As the result of the analysis, some types of HBSD were found to be obviously increasing during this period, while the decreasing HBSD types were also found. The social background of the change of HBSD is discussed and summarized. In conclusion, snow damages which may become a crucial issue in some fields in future are predicted.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (6920K)
  • A method of evaluating the cost of snow removal
    Takashi SAKAI, Hiroshi KURIYAMA
    1993 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages 327-334
    Published: December 30, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: February 05, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5331/seppyo.55.327
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    The relationship between winter road functioning rate and winter social activity is studied to assess the effects of snow removal quantitatively. And a numerical model expression to calculate a snow removal cost-benefit index is proposed as a tool for the quantitative assessment method for the first time.
    The average of snow removal cost-benefit indices of the Niigata Prefecture calculated with this expression was 5.9 for the last 19 years, meaning that the benefit is 5.9 times as large as the cost. This shows high effectiveness of executing snow removal.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (2999K)
  • Oxygen-18 of snow meltwater and snow cover
    Keisuke SUZUKI
    1993 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages 335-342
    Published: December 30, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: August 07, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5331/seppyo.55.335
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    Chemical studies of the snow meltwater discharged from a snowpack were conducted at Tahima, Fukushima prefecture. Chemical characteristics of precipitation and snow layers were studied.
    The snow meltwater discharged from a snowpack was collected by a large lysimeter with an area of 1, 647 m2. Discharge of meltwater was measured by a 45° V-notch weir and a pressure gauge. Conductivity of meltwater was monitored automatically. Periodical samples of meltwater were collected by an automatic water sampler. Precipitation was collected by a bulk sampler.
    The pH value of precipitation is from 3.89 to 4.36., indicating acidity of snow falls at Tajima. Significant correlation was found between δ18O of precipitation and mean air temperature. Conductivity of meltwater decreased, and δ18O of meltwater increased gradually as the snowmelt progressed. The δ18O of meltwater shows the diurnal variations during the active snowmelting period. The daily peak value of δ18O is observed in the afternoon.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (3684K)
  • Snow transport in an open channel on mild slope configulation
    Yusuke FUKUSHIMA, Norio HAYAKAWA, Masato MURAKAMI
    1993 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages 343-351
    Published: December 30, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: August 07, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5331/seppyo.55.343
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    A theory is developed to treat water flow transporting snow chunks in an open channel as solid-liquid two phase flow. The equation of continuity and the equation of momentum in the flow direction are introduced to obtain the velocity for each phase. Based on the above relations, a theory is derived on the snow transport rate and the rate of depth increase. The experiment has been carried out using various types of snow under several hydraulic conditions. The validity of the developed theory is tested with experimental results. The present theory is compared with the previously published formulae for snow transport.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (1075K)
  • Experimental study of snow removing channel system driven by water jets
    Toshiichi KOBAYASHI, Motonobu KUMAGAI
    1993 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages 353-359
    Published: December 30, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: February 05, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5331/seppyo.55.353
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    In order to remove snow from narrow streets and narrow areas around houses, a snow removing channel system is effective. But the system cannot be used in the area where no water is available or the ground is level. Therefore, a snow removing channel system driven by water jets was designed and the preliminary study of the system was carried out. As a result, about 46t/h of snow was conveyed under the condition that the water jet velocity was 19.6m/s to produce the flow velocity of about 1.2m/s. Therefore, it was concluded that the system is sufficiently effective in such an area.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (4728K)
  • Reports on Antarctic Climate Research (II)
    Antarctic Climate Research Planning Committee
    1993 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages 361-369
    Published: December 30, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: August 07, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5331/seppyo.55.361
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    [in Japanese]
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (2550K)
  • Ping-pong avalanches
    Yasuaki NOHGUCHI
    1993 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages 371-372
    Published: December 30, 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: August 07, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5331/seppyo.55.371
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (1576K)
    • |<
    • <
    • 1
    • >
    • >|
feedback
 Top