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Volume 73 (2011)
- Issue 6 Pages 393-
- Issue 5 Pages 271-
- Issue 4 Pages 205-
- Issue 3 Pages 165-
- Issue 2 Pages 119-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
Volume 73, Issue 5
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Nozomu TAKEUCHI, Sakie SUMIKAWA, Kyoko MUTO2011 Volume 73 Issue 5 Pages 271-279
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2022
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSSnow algae at the summit of Mt. Ibuki, Shiga Prefecture, Japan, were investigated in the spring of 2005, 2007, 2008, and 2010. Although red or green snow surfaces were not visible, a microscopic analysis revealed that the snow on the surface mainly contained two morphological types of algal cells (Chlorophyta). Both these algal cell types are most likely to be Chloromonas nivalis. The algal volume biomass and chlorophyll a concentration were significantly lower than those reported in the case of red-colored snow in Japan or North America. Observations revealed that the algae appeared on the snow surface in late April, only 1-2 weeks before the disappearance of the snow patch at the summit, even though snow thawing, which is one of the essential processes required for algal growth, started in the middle of March. The snow algae of Mt. Ibuki possibly remain dormant on the soil during summer, autumn, and winter, and appear on the snow surface in late April for approximately a week.View full abstractDownload PDF (9442K) -
Keisuke SUZUKI, Atsushi IKEDA, Yuto KANEKO, Daichi SUZUKI, Takuto MAKI2011 Volume 73 Issue 5 Pages 281-294
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2022
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSIn this study, the winter precipitation at a mountainous site was estimated with the help of the chemical properties of the snow layer present at the site. The first basic precondition for the chemical properties of the snow is that there should be a relationship between the Na+ concentration in the snow and the mixing height of the convective layer. In other words, the concentrations of materials having a sea-water origin that are present in the snow should be high under winter monsoon pressure conditions. The second basic precondition for the chemical properties of the snow is that the concentration of anthropogenic, acidic materials in the snow should be high under low-pressure conditions of the Pacific coast and/or the Japan Sea. That is, a high content rate of acidic materials should be observed in the snow under low-pressure conditions. Nine characteristic snow layers were extracted from the entire snow cover (399 cm in depth). Three of the nine layers were found to have precipitated and formed under winter monsoon pressure conditions. The remaining six layers were found to have precipitated and formed under low-pressure conditions. Precipitation dates were identified for all nine layers using the information on weather conditions. The water equivalent of snow for eight periods was calculated for two extracted layers. The water equivalent of snow at the study site was examined with the precipitation observed by the Japan Meteorological Agency. The water equivalent of snow at the study site showed a high correlation coefficient with the observed precipitation in the northwestern area. On the other hand, the water equivalent of snow at the study site showed less correlation with the precipitation observed at the southeastern points. These relationships are considered reasonable, given the weather conditions of the study site in the winter season.View full abstractDownload PDF (13562K) -
Shinji IWAMA, Koichi WATANABE, Yoshitoshi UEHARA, Daiki NISHIMOTO, Shi ...2011 Volume 73 Issue 5 Pages 295-305
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2022
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe concentrations of formaldehyde (FA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as well as ionic constituents in the snow cover at Murododaira (altitude, 2450m), Mt. Tateyama were measured in the spring of 2010. Several peaks of nssCa2+ and Na+ were detected, and the dating of the high nssCa2+ layers was performed by Kosa data. In the case of the high nssCa2+ and nssSO42-, air mass was transported from arid areas and it passed over the industrial regions of the Asian continent. The concentrations of FA and H2O2 in the snow cover were much lower than those in the rain water at a plain site during warm months. The H2O2 concentrations were higher in the new snow than in the lower snow layers. The post depositional modification of H2O2 may be more significant than that of FA. The concentrations of FA were correlated with the anthropogenic components in the snow cover.View full abstractDownload PDF (14521K) -
Naoko NAGATSUKA, Nozomu TAKEUCHI, Takanori NAKANO, Emi KOKADO2011 Volume 73 Issue 5 Pages 307-319
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2022
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSStrontium (Sr) and neodymium (Nd) are commonly contained in natural substances and their stable isotopic ratios can be used as tracers of the elements in biological and geochemical processes. We analyzed these isotopic ratios mineral dust and organic matter (cryoconite) collected on four glaciers from different locations in Asia (Altay, Tien Shan, Qillian Shan, and Himalaya). The cryoconite was chemically separated into fractions (minerals and organic matter) and the isotopic ratios of each fraction were measured. The isotopic ratios of silicate minerals showed highest values in all fractions and significantly varied according to geographical location of the glaciers: Sr and Nd ratios were higher and lower, respectively on the glacier located north. The isotopic ratios were close to those of desert sand, loess, and river sediment around each glacier. This indicates that the provenance of the silicate minerals (eolian dusts) differed among the glaciers and was the area around the respective glacier. The isotopic ratios in saline, carbonate, and phosphate mineral fractions are also likely to reflect those of their original source. The Sr isotopic ratios in the organic matter may reflect those of the mineral sources used as nutrients by living microbes on the glacier.View full abstractDownload PDF (11543K) -
Toshiaki IIDA, Shusaku ISHII, Akihiko KAJIHARA2011 Volume 73 Issue 5 Pages 321-330
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2022
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSIt has been observed that meltwater with extremely high ion concentration flows out during the early melting period due to ion movement from solid ice to liquid water in snowpack during the partial thaw-freeze cycle. For the sake of modeling of this phenomenon, this study attempted to formulate the non-dimensional decline rate of the chloride concentration in the solid ice during melting as a function of the decline rate of the water equivalent of the solid ice. Samples of natural snow and artificial snow melted under controlled condition for specific time were centrifuged to analyze liquid water and remained snowpack for the dissolved chloride concentration. The chloride concentration in solids continuously decreased with melting time in all the experimental cases and most of the chloride ion eluted from solid ice to liquid water in the first six hours of the melting process. On the other hand, the changes in the chloride concentration in the liquid water did not show any notable tendency. The relationship between the decline rate of the water equivalent of the solid ice and the decline rate of the chloride concentration in the solid ice was revealed to show that the latter greatly enhanced even in the case which the former was relatively small. Based on the obtained data, the decline rate of the chloride concentration in the solid ice during melting could be expressed in a simple function of the decline rate of the water equivalent of the solid ice.View full abstractDownload PDF (9245K) -
Yusuke NAKANISHI, Norimichi TAKENAKA, Yasuhiro SADANAGA, Hiroshi BANDO ...2011 Volume 73 Issue 5 Pages 331-338
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2022
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe temperature dependence of the interaction and the adsorption enthalpy of methane, ethane, methanol, ethylene, and benzene with ice were investigated. The interactions of methane, ethane, ethylene, or benzene with ice resembled each other, and that of methanol with ice was 2-2.7 times stronger. Interaction behaviors of methanol, ethylene, and benzene with ice above and below 263K differed significantly. This was probably because of the existence of a quasi-liquid layer. The adsorption enthalpies of methane and ethane on ice were constant at 253-271K, but that of methanol exhibited a temperature dependence. The adsorption enthalp of ethylene and benzene on ice differed above and below 263K.View full abstractDownload PDF (11421K) -
Naofumi AKATA, Fumitaka YANAGISAWA, Toshitaka SUZUKI, Naoyoshi IWATA, ...2011 Volume 73 Issue 5 Pages 339-345
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2022
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS -
Keiji HIGUCHI, Hiroji FUSHIMI, Yukari NISHIMURA, Eri SANDA, Yoshiyuki ...2011 Volume 73 Issue 5 Pages 347-357
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2022
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
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