A form of on-line transmission known as Over The Top (OTT) media service is growing, and in order for OTT transmission to be spread for Sports, OTT service providers must win the content acquisition war against existing media companies such as broadcasters, and tidy up the environment for sports transmission via OTT services. Furthermore, if sports organizations can make optimal use of OTT transmission, they can be expected to grow their market and popular reach. This study investigates the current status of the acquisition of broadcasting rights for UK Sports such as the Premier League (football), Wimbledon, the ATP Tour (tennis), and The Open Championship (golf). The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors impacting the competitive behaviors between OTT Service Providers and broadcasters, and their future development, and to identify the significant drivers that will affect the projected development of sports and OTT transmission in the future. Interviews were also conducted with ATP Media for ATP Tour, AELTC for Wimbledon and R&A for The Open in order to determine their thoughts about OTT and their strategy for future sales of broadcasting rights. Three methods for acquisition of broadcasting rights by OTT Service Providers were confirmed; 1) exclusive rights, 2) exclusive for divided rights, and 3) sublicense rights. The Premier League in the UK is an advanced example, and the acquisition of broadcasting rights by OTT Service Providers is projected to extend to other sports such as Wimbledon as well. It is expected that the growth in OTT’s share of sports broadcasting will accelerate.

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The purpose of the study is to examine if the adaptive sport of blind football is an effective way of promoting a psychological barrier-free mind set. The method used will be to compare the explicit and implicit attitudes of non-disabled individuals towards people with disabilities depending on whether they have volunteered for blind football or not. A total of 331 participants (136 in the volunteer group and 195 in the non-volunteer group) were surveyed using the UB-Finder provided by the Japan Blind Football Association to measure implicit attitudes (Implicit Association Test) and explicit attitudes (favorability towards people with disabilities), and group comparisons were made. Qualitative analysis was used to investigate the impact of the blind football on the volunteer group. The results indicated that implicit and explicit attitudes were more favorable in the volunteered group compared to the non-volunteered group. It was found that the characteristics of their experiences included admiration for the athletes and the allure of blind football. It was suggested that encountering athletes whom the volunteer group could respect contributed to their positive explicit and implicit attitudes towards people with disabilities.

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Many studies have shown that ticket revenue is a key income source and is the basis for the stable operation of many professional sport clubs. However, in the case of Japan, lower-league clubs suffer from low ticket revenue. Therefore, to improve the current situation, we propose a method to predict audience behavior intentions. This study examined the influence of emotions experienced by home fans in previous home games on behavioral intention in the B3 League (Japan Professional Basketball League division 3). The audiences of the teams KAGOSHIMA REBNAISE, OKAYAMA TRYHOOP, and IWATE BIGBULLS at their home games between January and April, 2022, were surveyed with 569 responses and 442 valid responses (77.7%). In addition, the sample was randomly divided into two parts, with one part used for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and the other for model validation. The model that integrated the factors of emotion into two factors, “positive emotion” and “negative emotion,” was the best model, and it met the fit index. In the optimal model, it was found that “positive emotion” has a direct positive effect on behavioral intention. The study also confirmed that “emotion” was the dominant factor in “team identification,” “fan community identification,” and “local attachment”. These results reveal that in the model structure proposed in this study, by understanding the emotions of home fans associated with watching sports games, it is possible to clarify the behavioral intentions of spectators and increase ticket revenue.

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The purpose of this study was to conduct an online psychological test for sports teams targeting junior high school children and to clarify the relationship between players’ motivation for activities and satisfaction level. An online psychological test was conducted for two sports teams (A, B) in Japan. Team A (n=32, all girls) was a secondary school lacrosse club. Team B (n=46, all boys) was a private junior high school baseball team. The relationship between the players’ motivation for activities and their satisfaction with their surrounding relationships and life outside of their activities was analyzed. In addition, we selected players with low motivation and examined the characteristics of their satisfaction level. The results showed that satisfaction with teammates or coaches and a sense of personal growth were clearly related to motivation for activities in both teams. On the other hand, it was observed that satisfaction with home life, school, and one’s own time tended to have different degrees of relationship with motivation for activities depending on each team. Satisfaction with home life, school, and one’s own time showed a significant relationship with motivation only in Team B. Characteristics of players with low motivation for activities included players with no issues in terms of satisfaction, players with low satisfaction with interpersonal relationships within their team, players with low satisfaction with family and home life, and players who had low satisfaction in all aspects. This suggests that support tailored to the player’s psychological state is necessary to increase motivation for activities. In the future, it will be necessary to investigate changes in players’ psychological states through regular testing, and to verify the effectiveness of psychological support based on these changes.

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The purpose of this study is two-fold, 1) Conduct an exploratory study of the factors required of tappers who are support persons for visually impaired swimmers, and 2) to derive findings that can be used in swimming competitions for visually impaired swimmers. The study includes two individuals with the experience of swimming, coaching competitive swimming, and being a tapper. Both individuals completed a survey that was analyzed using qualitative analysis. As a result, six category groups were derived: “communication with players”, “self-improvement using experience”, “building trust”, “having an axis”, “understanding the role of the tapper”, and “flexibility during games”. Based on these results, this study was able to theoretically clarify the factors required for Tapper.

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In order to eliminate violent coaching from sports, an educational approach to college students who aspire to become leaders is important. The purpose of this study was to examine whether a lecture given by the bereaved family of a child who committed suicide due to coaching by a teacher had a positive effect on college students’ perception of corporal punishment. The study included 121 participants. Of the 121 participants, 59 responded both before and after the lecture. The results of the study showed no significant difference in the perception of acceptance of corporal punishment. However, there was a significant difference in the perception of the necessity of corporal punishment between before and after the lecture, with an increase in the number of responses that corporal punishment was not necessary. On the scale of perception of corporal punishment, there was an increase in the number of students who perceived “demonstration/reprimand-type” and “punishment-type” instruction as corporal punishment. Furthermore, the results indicated that students with a long athletic career who had experienced corporal punishment may have come to perceive “affective-type” actions as corporal punishment after the lecture. In conclusion, it is believed that learning about the actual cases of coaching deaths that occurred after excessive coaching was effective in helping university students understand the influence of their every move, question their perception of corporal punishment, and especially recognize coercive and intimidating coaching that does not involve tangible force as inappropriate. At a university that trains teachers and sports leaders, learning through lectures by the bereaved families of coaching deaths has a certain effect on changing the perception of corporal punishment.

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