This paper aims to describe the ecological settings of coastal swampy lands of Jambi, and the changes taking place in agricultural land use. Part one presents the stratigraphy and geomorphology of the area along one transect which covers about 70km from Jambi to the coast.
 Borings were made along the transect to a depth of up to seven meters to examine the stratigraphy of the recent sediments.
 Boring data and small-scale air-photos indicate the presence of the following five zones and 15 stratigraphic types distributed successively from inland to the coast.
1. Zone transitional to the middle reaches. Terrestrial soils have developed on the (1) low terrace, (2) meandering scars, and (3) natural levee, along the Kumpeh river.
2. Central zone covered by swamp forest. This area is mostly (4) peat-capped terrace. A low terrace surface with terrestrial soils is thought to have been transformed into fluviatile swampy lands following the rise in sea level in the postglacial period. Raised, ombrogenous peat plains have developed, sometimes exceeding six meters. The periphery contains an admixture of fluvial deposits from the meandering river course. (5) Natural levees are less developed along the Batang Hari.
3. Zone transitional to coastal zone. Until recently, this was covered by swamp forests, which are now being opened by the government. This area has undergone submersion and emergence most frequently due to changes in sea level. (6) Successive terrestrial soils are noticed to have developed from fluvial deposits on the terrace surface. (7) Mangrove deposits directly covering the terrace surface are most widely distributed. Two strata of different ages are recognized. (8) Another sedimentary phase indicates the intrusion of mangrove on the peat-capped terrace to have taken place much later. (9) Natural levees have developed along the streams which flow through former mangrove deposits. (10) Former beach ridges often outcrop.
4. Coastal zone with fish-bone channel networks. This area has been exploited by local people. (11) Thick sand ridges are advancing offshore, and (12) mangrove deposits have developed on the tidal flat. The present surface is thinly covered by delta topset which comprises humiferous clay and sometimes thin peat. (13) A narrow mangrove belt covers the present coastline.
5. Remnant hill isolated from the middle reaches. This was an island during the period of high sea level in the past. (14) Hillslopes are covered by brush, rubber gardens and fruit trees. (15) Shallow valley bottoms are utilized for bush-fallow cultivation of wet rice in the rainy season.
 Local people have exploited the coastal belt and succeeded in cultivating the land for plantation of coconut and rice. The government recently started new projects to exploit the zone transitional to the coastal belt. But drainage canals are so deep that the soils become exceedingly dry. Loss of peat soils and release of sulfate acidity take place, which hamper normal crop growth.

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The inscription (K273) is written on the four faces of a stele and has 290 lines. Comprising 145 verses in Sanskrit, this inscription is one of the longest hitherto known to us. The contents deal with various topics. Among these manifold aspects of this inscription, a noticeable feature is the numerals, i.e. v. 51 gives the total quantity of rice consumed each year by the people related to this temple, then vv. 53-61 describe the articles of food levied from farmers and traders, and the amount. In this paper, Indian units of weights and measures are applied by way of experiment to calculate the numerals in this inscription, because the Khmer Kingdom in Cambodia was from the beginning wholly under the influence of Indian culture, and at the same time, the units used at that time in the Khmer Kingdom are still unknown. Though only an experiment, the result would probably not be far off the mark.

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The populations of Javanese cities have grown mainly due to the inflow of migrants from the rural areas, as well as by natural increase. Behind this inflow, there is an overpopulation of laborers in the rural areas. However, there are also migrants from other urban areas. Actual movement cannot be fully understood solely in terms of the escape from poverty that it offers.
 Many studies have been made about migrants who work for the informal sector, because various social problems are concentrated in the poor class. This article aims to compare the background and characteristics of movement between laborers in the informal sector (housemaids) and laborers in the formal sector (factory laborers in a Japan-Indonesia joint venture), also between migrants from rural areas and migrants from urban areas. This comparison makes it possible to see the inflow of migrants to urban areas as a whole, and gives some indication of what efforts migrants make to live through a difficult period.

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A general model consisting of three submodels for daily rainfall generation, daily evapotranspiration estimation, and daily water balance computation, respectively, was developed in this study for the assessment of rainfed agriculture in Thailand. It can be used to obtain the information on important factors related to rainfed agriculture such as the number of stress days with their frequency and period of occurrence, the amount of supplementary water requirement and drainage requirement. Through simulation runs made by shifting assumed planting dates, one may arrive at the most suitable planting period for each crop.

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