The Burmese inscriptions written in the Pagan, Pinya, Sagain and Ava periods reveal religious mentalities of the Buddhist Burman. They dedicated numerous lands and slaves as their offerings to the Buddha's images, the Doctorines, the monasteries, and prayed to obtain Nirvana. Simultaneously they cursed those who rob or destroy the donor's valuable dedications.
 The curses are classified five categories. (1) Sinner will never be redeemed even if the Maitreya comes down from the heaven Tusita in order to rescue all the creatures. (2) May the sinner be under the earth. (3) May the sinner fall to the hell. (4) May the sinner suffer eternally in four states of punishment. (5) May the sinner suffer like Devadatta suffered in the bottom of the hell.
 According to the inscriptions, the Burman in those days regarded the hell as follows. There are eight Great Hells, and each hell is surrounded by sixteen small hells. Those great hells are located beneath the earth one above another. Order of the Eight Hells does not necessarily however coincide with those mentioned in the Chinese translation of the canon.

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 The studies on the grain loss during harvesting for Padi Bahagia were conducted in the Kedah State, West Malaysia, in 1969/70 and 1970/71. The grain loss during different harvesting processes was the highest at threshing, followed by cutting and gathering. The total grain loss during harvesting at 27 days, 34 days and 41 days after heading were 1.57%, 2.79% and 3.14%, respectively. The filled grain recovery was the highest at 34 days after heading. From these results, a harvesting at around 34 days after heading appears to be optimum. At an earlier harvesting time the yield is lowered due to the poor maturity of the grains and at a later harvesting time the yield is also lowered by the loss due to from over-ripening and lodging. The method of threshing should be improved because much of the grain loss occurs in this process.

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