東南アジア研究
Online ISSN : 2424-1377
Print ISSN : 0563-8682
ISSN-L : 0563-8682
31 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の6件中1~6を表示しています
論文
  • 池本 幸生
    1994 年 31 巻 4 号 p. 299-324
    発行日: 1994/03/31
    公開日: 2018/02/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    It has been pointed out that economic policies in Thailand tended to be “conservative” in the sense that the Thai government paid very little attention to economic development, especially during the reign of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V). Some argued that the “conservativeness” was caused by the influential English financial advisors to the Thai government. Others argued that the Thai government adopted the “conservative” economic policy voluntarily because it was the orthodoxy in this period. This article aims to search for origin of the “conservativeness.”
     This paper takes up the period of King Mongkut (Rama IV) because in this period Western influence increased. The economic policies of King Mongkut are analyzed from the viewpoint of the influece of Western economic thought and classical economics. Despite the similarity with the Western economic thoughts, there is no evidence for the systematic introduction of the Western economic ideas. Rather than the influence of the West, Thailand had characteristics which were suited to the “conservative” economic policies. In this paper we examine two such characteristics. One is the incentive system through the market as a means to control people, and the other is the entrepreneurship of the king and high ranking officials.
  • ――マレーシア・サバ州・N小学校の変容をめぐって――
    西村 重夫
    1994 年 31 巻 4 号 p. 325-344
    発行日: 1994/03/31
    公開日: 2018/02/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    This article aims to analyze the roles played by school education in the process of national integration. Special reference is made to N Primary School, which is located in one of the farthest villages from Kuala Lumpur. Between my first visit to N Primary School in 1973 and my second visit in 1991, two kinds of transformation are apparent in the intervening 18 years of development of this school: Malaysianization and Islamization.
     The process of national integration in school activities can be seen not only in the revisions of educational policy and the national curriculum but also in such small changes as in school uniform and the layout of the classroom. The dynamics of Islamization can be also recognized not only in the teaching of “Islamic Education” but also in such minor considerations such as the pasting on walls of notices about Al Qur'an. In this sense the school can be called “a tool of national integration.”
     All the pupils and teachers except one teacher of N Primary School are Kadazans, speaking the Kadazan language and maintaining the traditional Kadazan culture. For this reason, conflict between national identity and minority identity poses one of the most serious and important problems in N Primary School.
  • Nguyen Huu Chiem
    1994 年 31 巻 4 号 p. 345-384
    発行日: 1994/03/31
    公開日: 2018/02/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    In a previous paper, I proposed five landform units and several subunits for the Mekong delta (see Fig. 1). This paper aims to describe the former and present cropping patterns in relation to the landform, particularly the interconnected features of microlandform, water conditions, soils and the traditional methods of rice culture.
     The first part of the paper describes the methods of rice growing which were predominant in the delta before the 1960s-1970s. These methods were severely affected by the uncontrolled water conditions, which differed markedly in different landform units of the untamed delta, and may be summarized in three groups, which are characterized most distinctively by three planting methods, i. e., broadcasting, double transplanting, and single transplanting.
     The second part of the paper describes the present changes in the cropping pattern and the development of various rice growing methods. The most remarkable change is observed in the tide-affected floodplain (middle reach of the delta). Conventional double transplanting has been completely replaced by new methods like direct-seeding sa chai, and single cropping has been replaced by the year-round cultivation. Floating rice in the high floodplain (the upper reach of the delta) has also been reduced by expansion of high-yielding rice varieties. The coastal complex and the broad depression, which are affected by saltwater and sulfate acidity respectively, retain the traditional rice culture.
     The remarkable change in rice culture and land use has achieved as the result of close observation of soil, microlandform and water conditions by the farmers, and through their selective adaptation to natural environments and proper technologies.
  • 上田 曜子
    1994 年 31 巻 4 号 p. 385-411
    発行日: 1994/03/31
    公開日: 2018/02/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • ――インドネシア近代小説の展開に関する考察――
    北野 正徳
    1994 年 31 巻 4 号 p. 412-439
    発行日: 1994/03/31
    公開日: 2018/02/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    This article examines how modern literary style became institutionalized in original novels written in Malay during the colonial period in Indonesia by dealing mainly with novels by Chinese writers in the period from 1910-1920.
     The earliest original novels, published from the end of the nineteenth century, were popular in nature and exhibited various features of modern novels. However, they also included features of entertainment-type novels which stood in contrast to the new, modern features. In the original novels by Indonesian writers, published officially from the beginning of the 1920s by Balai Pustaka, various modern values were reflected and the style of the modern novel was firmly established. This article discusses how such change proceeded by dealing with the above-mentioned novels by Chinese writers.
     These works presented modern and western values as an ideal to be upheld or an example to be followed. The beginning of this idealism was fundamentally the same as that of the novels published by Balai Pustaka. However, these novels did not develop into modern, realistic novels of the western type but rather into modern popular novels. This was because the writers expressed such idealism and didacticism by modifying conventional techniques characteristic of the entertainment novels. It can be also pointed out that this kind of style took shape in correlation to the social background of the time, including overall trends in society, composition of the readership and journalism in Malay.
     For the reasons stated above, this article concludes that in Indonesia the style of the modern novel became firmly institutionalized through the novels by Chinese writers of this period in which modern values were presented through a combination of entertainment and moral example.
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