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Sadao WAKAMURA, Shuji KOZAI, Kazuo KEGASAWA, Hitoshi INOUE
1992 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
1-8
Published: February 25, 1992
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Applying HARTSTACK's method to release-recapture data of male Spodoptera litura, male density was estimated for revealing the relationship between trap catch with synthetic sex pheromone and wild male density. The release-recapture experiments were conducted once a month from May through September, 1985. Estimated densities were 0.013, 0.009, 0.031, 0.60, and 2.0 males/ha for May, June, July, August and September, respectively, and were thought to be generally overestimated. These estimates showed generally similar, but smaller, fluctuation to the considerably overestimated projections obtained by PETERSEN's method. Ratios of trap catch (N
c) to the estimated density (d^^^(SUB)H) by HARTSTACK's method fluctuated: N
c/d^^^(SUB)H values were 108, 232, 225, 94 and 86 in May, June, July, August and September, respectively. These values would be useful for the tentative estimation of male density based on catch with the synthetic sex pheromone trap.
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Kohji YAMAMURA, Sadao WAKAMURA, Shuji KOZAI
1992 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
9-17
Published: February 25, 1992
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A simple method was considered to estimate population size from a release-recapture experiment where marked individuals are released only once and all of the captured individuals are removed from the population. This method was applied to a population estimation of Spodoptera litura (FABRICIUS) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The estimates were compared with those obtained by the JOLLY-SEBER method which requires a multiple-release experiment. The results of our conservative estimation were similar to those obtained by the JOLLY-SEBER method, which suggested the practical usefulness of our method.
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Binte Abdullah FAUZIAH, Katsuhiro TABATA, Kensuke ITO, Shozo TAKAHASHI ...
1992 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
19-30
Published: February 25, 1992
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Mating behavior of the cryptomeria bark borer, Semanotus japonicus, was studied using glass containers, a wind tunnel and a T-shaped olfactometer. The mating sequence showed that an olfactory cue emitted by females and was effective at close range. Choice test using a T-shaped olfactometer showed a significant preference to female odor by males whereas females were not attracted to male nor female odor. Removal of antennae and blinding in males delay copulation, while similar treatment did not have any effect on females. Males did not show copulatory attempts even after contact with females that had been washed with hexane. Males tried to copulate with the glass rod impregnated recently or seven days earlier with female surface and abdominal rinse. This suggested that some substance on the female body surface is responsible for eliciting copulation and the substance is stable and not volatile.
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Saburo YAMAZAKI, Toshiya IKEDA, Akihiko TAKETANI, Carlos VASQUEZ PACHE ...
1992 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
31-38
Published: February 25, 1992
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The infestation of meliaceous species by the mahogany shoot borer, Hypsipyla grandella ZELLER, was investigated in plantation areas of the Peruvian Amazon. Damage was particularly great on line plantings and plantings in opened areas. Cedrela odorata was attacked by H. grandella from 0 to 10 times during 16 months, averaging 3 attacks per tree. The upper main stem of trees was more frequently attacked than offshoots or middle stems. First to second instar larvae were mostly found in the offshoot, whereas the older larvae were found most frequently in the upper main stem. Both C. odorata and Swietenia macrophylla sprouted 3 to 5.5 times a year, averaging 3.7 and 4.4 times, respectively. Flushing was concentrated in the rainy season and was rare in the middle of the dry season, resulting in a rapid increase of H. grandella in the former. The attack of Hypsipyla on the main stem triggered sprouting, which seemed to keep the pest density at a certain level in the dry season. The percentage of newly attacked trees per month tended to be slightly higher in C. odorata than in S. macrophylla.
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Yibin HE, Yoshitaka TSUBAKI
1992 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
39-45
Published: February 25, 1992
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In the armyworm, Pseudaletia separata, males emerged from crowded larvae produced larger spermatophores than males from solitary larvae, despite the fact that the adult body weight was not different between the 2 types. Spermatophore size increased with male age or time interval between the previous and current matings. Male body size, female body size and mating duration did not affect spermatophore size. Biological significance of the difference in spermatophre size between solitary- and crowded-type males is discussed.
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Mitsutaka SAKAKIBARA, Kiyoshi KAWAKAMI
1992 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
47-56
Published: February 25, 1992
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The yellow-spotted longicorn beetle, Psacothea hilaris, a serious pest of fig and mulberry trees in Japan, has two ecotypes in Honshu. The eastern type (E) does not diapause while the western type (W) enters a larval diapause under short-day conditions. These two ecotypes, which have been maintained for more than 10 generations in our laboratory, were crossed reciprocally. When reared at 25°C under dark (24D) conditions, most larval progeny from E(female)×W(male) and female progeny from W(female)×E(male) pupated within 100 d after hatching. The majority of male progeny from W(female)×E(male) did not pupate within the 100 d period. These results suggest that a recessive gene located on the X-chromosome is the main determinant of diapausal response to short-day conditions, and that other genes on the autosome also control diapause. Sex-controlled inheritance was also noted in the diapausal response and in the stripe patterns on the pronotum. The possible mechanisms of the rapid spreading of the ecotypes with sex-linked diapause is discussed.
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Yoshinori SHlNTANl, Yukio ISHIKAWA, Hiroshi HONDA
1992 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
57-64
Published: February 25, 1992
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The esterase isozymes of eggs of the yellow-spotted longicorn beetle, Psacothea hilaris hilaris, were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into two major band groups, Est-A (R
m=0.32-0.38) and -B (R
m=0.48-0.52). All the newly-laid eggs produced by a female showed an identical esterase zymogram. Est-A was found in eggs laid by all females collected at various localities in Japanese mainland. Almost all the females collected from the eastern districts of Japan produced eggs with Est-B (Electromorph-2, Em-2), while over 50% of the females from the west districts produced eggs lacking Est-B (Electromorph-1, Em-1). The distribution of Em-1 seems to resemble that of 'west Japan type' of this insect, which has been distinguished from 'east Japan type' by the difference of the spot pattern on the pronotum and the seasonal prevalence of adults. These characters, however, did not seem to be correlated with the presence of Est-B when examined individually.
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Takashi MATSUBARA, Yasuhiko OHTA, Shozo EHARA
1992 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
65-78
Published: February 25, 1992
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The structure of the adult female and male internal reproductive organs of Tetranychina harti (EWING) was investigated mainly through electron microscopy. Some oogonia have electron-dense, slender mitochondria, while other oogonia bear electron-sparse, larger mitochondria. The supporting cells surrounding the oocytes include electron-dense mitochondria whilst the oocytes have electron-sparse mitochondria. The spermatozoal nucleus is situated in the central part of the cell within the testis, but in the vas deferens it is located near the periphery. However, in the seminal vesicle, it is in contact with the cell membrane in the posterior. The central electron-sparse part of the spermatozoal nucleus becomes as electron-dense as the other nuclear part before leaving the seminal vesicle. The plasmalemmal tubular structures radially arranged in the testicular spermatozoa become irregularly set in the vas deferens to be divided into shorter structures in the posterior part of the seminal vesicle. Finally, the spermatozoa become almost deficient in cytoplasm proper. The seminal vesicle carries two types of superficial epithelial cells (gate cells) which are located near the exit into the ejaculatory duct and provided with processes. These cellular processes possibly play an important role in the control of discharging the spermatozoa into the ejaculatory duct.
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Maqsood A. RUSTAMANI, Katsuo KANEHISA, Hisaaki TSUMUKI
1992 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
79-87
Published: February 25, 1992
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Aconitic acid was observed to be a prevailing substance in acid-soluble components of wheat (8 lines), corn (10 lines), sorghum (2 lines) barnyard grass (3 subspecies) and rice (1 line). In barley it was present in rather small and inconsistent amounts (8 lines). We studied possible relationship between aconitic acid and degree of resistance or susceptibility to aphids. Corn, a line of sorghum and a mature stage of a subspecies of barnyard grass contained between 200 and 600 μg of aconitic acid/g, and seemed to be highly resistant. Between 100 to 200 μg/g were found in other subspecies of barnyard grass, a rice line and a susceptible line of sorghum. Ten to 25 μg/g were found in wheat. Some lines of wheat showed weak resistance while others were susceptible. Aconitic acid may play a role in the resistance of some cereals to aphids.
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Midori FUKAYA, Hiroshi HONDA
1992 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
89-97
Published: February 25, 1992
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Mating behaviors of the yellow-spotted longicorn beetle, Psacothea hilaris (PASCOE) were analyzed to reveal how males recognize females. Typically, a male dashed toward a female upon antennal contact with her body, and held her with forelegs. Holding occurred without the dashing behavior when the male's tarsi contacted the female body by chance. subsequently the male mounted the female, licked her elytra and thorax with his oral palpi, bent his abodomen, and copulated. The male recognized the female with antennal, tarsal or oral contact. Both tarsal and oral perception of female stimuli were essential in eliciting a sequence of male mating behavior except "dash", while the antennal perception released only "dash" behavior. Female sex pheromone(s) was involved in eliciting male mating behavior, while visual or physical factors of the female did not seem to be important in mate recognition.
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Norio ARAKAKI
1992 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
99-105
Published: February 25, 1992
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Seasonal occurrence of the sugar cane woolly aphid Ceratovacuna lanigera ZEHNTNER and its predators was monitored in sugar cane fields in the southern part of Okinawa Island, Japan from October 1988 to March 1990. C. lanigera occurred more frequently in summer-planted fields than in ratooned fields. In summer-planted fields, new colonies of C. lanigera were frequently observed in November and December. These colonies gradually increased during winter. The number of infested leaves peaked in April, then decreased abruptly after insecticide spraying in April/May. C. lanigera was usually uncommon in summer, but in those fields where it was abundant various predators attacked the aphid colonies and quickly suppressed its increase.
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Shozo EHARA, Tetsuo GOTOH
1992 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
107-115
Published: February 25, 1992
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Panonychus mori YOKOYAMA, previously called the diapausing strain of P. citri (McGREGOR), was redescribed based on specimens from mulberry and pear. The aedeagus of P. mori differs from that of P. citri in that the distal part is strongly sigmoid and as long as the dorsal margin of the shaft. Panonychus thelytokus EHARA et GOTOH, n. sp. was described from elm in Hokkaido. A key to the nine species of Panonychus in the world was also given.
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Hajimu TAKADA, Masahisa MIYAZAKI
1992 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
117-124
Published: February 25, 1992
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Clones of Aphis nerii B. DE F. from Kyoto, Japan, produced oviparae and males together with vivparae in a short-day condition. Descriptions of the sexuales are given. The possibility of occurrence of its holocycle in Kyoto is discussed.
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Kiyoko TANIAI, Kei NISHIMORI, Kazuhisa MIYAMOTO, Minoru YAMAKAWA
1992 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
125-131
Published: February 25, 1992
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To identify structural protein genes of the silkworm, Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV), monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were raised against the occluded virion (OV) and characterized. Out of 35 MAbs obtained, 10 belonged to immunoglobulin G (IgG) class. Two IgG class MAbs reacted with polyhedra. three of the other 8 IgG class MAbs, designated 7D2, 8D5 and EHA, reacted with 2 to 9 polypeptides of BmNPV-OV. The periodate oxidation of OV suggested that 2 MAbs of 7C8 and CD6 are specific for carbohydrates. The electronmicroscopic observation indicated that 7D2 and 7C8 are reactive to antigenic determinants, present on the nucleocapsid and envelope, respectively. These results suggest that 7D2 can be a good tool as a probe to screen genes for nucleocapsid structural proteins from a BmNPV genomic library.
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Kazuro OHNO, Md.Zinnatul ALAM
1992 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
133-139
Published: February 25, 1992
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Polymorphism in the color types of the southern green stink bug Nezara viridula was studied to elucidate the hereditary basis. Out of many known color types of the species, three basic types were found in the field in Gazipur, Bangladesh; among which the frequency of G-type (f. smaragdula FABR.) was most abundant and was followed by that of O-type (f. torquata FABR.) and R-type (f. viridula L.). During the course of this study, new intermediate types were obtained in the laboratory. OR- and OY-type were regarded respectively as the intermediate type between O- and R-type, and between O- and Y-type (f. aurantica COSTA), based on the body color of adults. In contrast to the entirely green coloration of G-type, other types have yellow or orange coloration over parts or the entirety of the body. By using the types other than OY, the lineage of each was maintained up to the 5th generation, and crossing experiments were conducted. The relative abundance of different color types produced by the experiments coincides well with the ratio expected from the assumption that two sets of genes governing the color types exist on two independent loci. The assumed genotypes are as follows: G-type, a/a b/b; O-type A/- b/b; R-type a/a B/-; OR-type A/- B/-.
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Kouichi GOKA, Akio TAKAFUJI
1992 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
141-150
Published: February 25, 1992
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Genetic variations in esterase, PGI and G-6PD among 10 Japanese populations of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae KOCH, were studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Esterase and PGI were polymorphic in some populations while G-6PD was monomorphic in all studied populations. Variability of esterase was very high in two northern populations and it seemed to decline with latitude. On the other hand, no particular geographic pattern was found in allele distribution of the PGI loci.
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Maqsood A. RUSTAMANI, Katsuo KANEHISA, Hisaaki TSUMUKI, Takashi SHIRAG ...
1992 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
151-153
Published: February 25, 1992
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Toshiharu UCHIDOI, Makio TAKEDA
1992 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
153-154
Published: February 25, 1992
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Satoshi HIROYOSHI
1992 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
155-159
Published: February 25, 1992
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Norio ARAKAKI
1992 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
159-161
Published: February 25, 1992
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Shoji SONODA, Masahiko MURAJI, Fusao NAKASUJI
1992 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
162-164
Published: February 25, 1992
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Minoru MIYASONO, Akira MIZUTANI, Hideyuki IMAZAKI, Katsuaki OHBA, Take ...
1992 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
165-167
Published: February 25, 1992
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Akira SAITO, Eiichi KOSEGAWA, Si Kab NHO, Katsumi KOGA, Bungo SAKAGUCH ...
1992 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
167-170
Published: February 25, 1992
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Keiji TAKASU, Shigemi YAGI
1992 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
171-173
Published: February 25, 1992
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Hiroshi KAJITA, Yoshimi HIROSE, Masami TAKAGI, Shuji OKAJIMA, Banpot N ...
1992 Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages
174-175
Published: February 25, 1992
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