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Kazuo NAKAMURA, Yasuyuki SHIROTA, Takashi KANEKO, Shigeru MATSUOKA
1995 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages
383-392
Published: August 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The effectiveness of two types of eyespot balloons at causing avoidance by birds was examined in a flight cage using three captive doves, Streptopelia orientalis. A field where soybean seeds were systematically placed was divided into several plots in which the following three treatments were applied : placing of balloons with and without eyespots and no placing of balloons. The effectiveness of balloons was compared in terms of preference for the plots, calculated by measuring the number of beans eaten. Doves showed a tendency to avoid plots that had balloons. However, the intensity of avoidance differed between balloons with and without eyespots only n the first experiment, although the differences were not significant. That is, the scaring effectiveness of eyespot patterns is not very strong, and becomes extinct rapidly. These results suggest that the scaring effectiveness of eyespot balloons is mainly due to the curious stimulus rather than to the eyespot patterns themselves.
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Kazuki MIURA, Masahiro KOBAYASHI
1995 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages
393-400
Published: August 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The effects of temperature on the reproductive properties of Trichogramma chilonis females developed in Plutella xylosterlla eggs (TC-DBM) were compared with those developed in Ephestia kuehniella eggs (TC-MFM) by rearing with diamondback moth (DBM) eggs at constant temperatures of 20°C, 24°C, 28°C and 32°C under 16L-8D. For both TC-MFM and TC-DBM, the daily egg production peaked on the first day after emergence, and adult longevity was reduced as the temperature increased from 24°C to 32°C. The number of eggs laid throughout the lifetime was a maximal at 24°C. Despite a lack of significant difference in the properties mentioned above between TC-DBM and TC-MFM which developed at 24°C, the number of matured eggs in the ovary at emergence as well as the number of eggs laid on the initial day after emergence of TC-DBM was significantly smaller than for TC-MFM. The method of utilization of the parasitoid in a biological control program against DBM is also discussed based on the reproductive properties of the parasitoid.
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Rabbani Khalilur BHUIYAN, Jojiro NISHIGAKI
1995 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages
401-406
Published: August 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The effect of decomposed cow-dung as diet on the rearing of the 1st and 2nd instar larvae of cupreous chafer, Anomala cuprea (HOPE) was studied under laboratory conditions at constant temperatures of 22°C, 25°C, 28°C, 30°C and 32°C. Better growth and shorter larval duration, as well as lower mortality were observed at 30°C. Mortality was high at both the lower and higher extremities of temperature for 1st instar larvae but for 2nd instar larvae, an extremely high mortality was observed only at 32°C. Growth of the larvae gradually increased from the beginning of the experiment and body weight decreased slightly near the time of moulting at some of the temperatures. Some 2nd instar larvae showed retarded development and thus, entered the hiding phase for a longer period than the normal duration at all temperatures ; a significantly larger number of such larvae was observed at 28°C and 32°C. Under such conditions, larval duration was approximately 3 to 4 times longer than the normal duration. At 30°C and 32°C, all growth-delayed 2nd instar larvae died before completing their moults. Body weight did not change notably until the moult or death, but it was irregular at 22°C and 25°C.
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Koji TSUCHIDA, Hideyuki ICHIHASHI
1995 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages
407-414
Published: August 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The monitoring range of a sex pheromone trap for the rice stem borer moth, Chilo suppressalis, was evaluated by the bimodal distributions of male moth head width. The distribution of male moth head width in both flight seasons was a combination of the two normal distributions. The larger one was shown to be from male moths that fed on water oats (Zizania latifolia) during the larval stage and the smaller one was that of males that fed on rice plants (Oryza sativa). Male moths emerging from water oats were caught by pheromone traps set at six locations near a water oats population (< 250 m) at a higher rate in the second flight season than in the first. The reverse relationship was observed at five other locations (> 250m). These results suggest that the monitoring range of a sex pheromone trap for this species is narrower in the second flight season than the first one, probably because of competition between wild virgin females and synthetic sex pheromone.
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Naoki MORI, Yasumasa KUWAHARA, Kazuyoshi KUROSA, Ritsuo NISHIDA, Tsuyo ...
1995 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages
415-423
Published: August 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The female sex pheromone of the acarid mite Caloglyphus rodriguezi was identified as undecane (C
11≫), which functioned to sexually stimulate males to mount females. The compound was detected from both sexes of adults as a major component by gas liquid chromatography (GLC), while it occurred as a minor component in the nymphal stages. Its contents were estimated to be 14.2 ± 3.1 ng per female, 2.9 ± 0.6 ng per male and 0.066 ± 0.01 ng per nymph, respectively. Sexually excited behavior of males was demonstrated by exposing them to a 1-10 ng dose of C<11, whereas escaping behavior was provoked upon exposure to a 100 ng dose. We concluded that the male's quick response towards a female was attributed to sexual differences of C
11 content.
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Satoshi NAKAMURA
1995 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages
425-431
Published: August 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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The number of adults emerging from a host, their size in terms of puparium weight, mortality and sex ratio of Exorista japonica were examined in relation to clutch size per larva of the host, Pseudaletia separata. Effects of female size on fecundity and longevity were also examined. The mean number of adults emerging from the host increased as clutch size increased up to 15. Body size, however, decreased markedly with increasing clutch size. Sex ratio was not significantly different from 0.5. Survival ratio of eggs to adults correlated negatively with clutch size. There was a positive correlation between the size of females and their fecundity, but no correlation between size and longevity. The relationship between clutch size and total number of eggs expected from female offspring was also examined. Reproductive success gained from one egg was maximized when clutch size was 1, while that gained from one host attained its maximum when clutch size was 10.
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Chemical Ecology of Astigmatid Mites XLIV Identification of (Z, Z, Z)-5, 9, 12-Octadecatrienoic Acid and (Z, Z)-5, 9-Octadecadienoic Acid as Possible Biosynthetic Precursors of New Hydrocarbons (Z, Z, Z)-4, 8, 11-Heptadecatriene and (Z, Z)-4, 8-Heptadecadiene Found in the Astigmatid Mite, Tortonia sp.
Yasumasa KUWAHARA, Muneaki SAMEJIMA, Tomoyo SAKATA, Kazuyoshi KUROSA, ...
1995 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages
433-441
Published: August 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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(Z, Z, Z)-5, 9, 12-Octadecatrienoic acid and (Z, Z)-5, 9-octadecadienoic acid were isolated as components of body lipid from an unidentified species of the genus Tortonia [Astigmata : Suidasiidae]. The chemical structures were elucidated either by partial hydrogenation and subsequent GC/MS analysis of their dimethyldisulfide (DMDS) derivatives or by GC/MS analysis of their DMDS derivatives. Both are new fatty acids constituting natural products obtained from mites and are possible biosynthetic precursors of the new hydrocarbons (Z, Z, Z)-4, 8, 11-heptadecatriene and (Z, Z)-4, 8-heptadecadiene found in the same species.
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Toru ARAKAWA
1995 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages
443-449
Published: August 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Phenylthiourea (PTU) is an effective inhibitor of insect haemolymph melanization. PTU or thiourea, however, took a hydroxide moiety from cumene hydroperoxide and peroxidated egg yolk low density lipoprotein (LDL) from chicken. Oxygenized forms of the chemicals, phenylurea and urea, did not have such an effect. A conjugated diene structure of the LDL was not affected by incubation with PTU. Thus, the effect of PTU seems to be specific to the hydroperoxide moiety. The significance of the interaction between hydroperoxide and PTU is discussed with special reference to the bleeding technique and physiology of insect haemolymph.
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Sudawan CHAEYCHOMSRI, Motoko IKEDA, Michihiro KOBAYASHI
1995 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages
451-465
Published: August 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Expression of viral DNA polymerase gene (pol) was examined in the midgut, fat body, silkgland and remaining carcass of larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, infected with B. mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmSNPV). Northern blot analysis detected a prominent viral pol transcript of approximately 3 kb and several other less prominent transcripts in these tissues. Mapping of the 5' end by RNase protection assay showed that the 3-kb pol transcript detected in the Northern blot analysis consisted of two species. These two species corresponded to the major and the largest transcripts, respectively, among seven viral pol transcripts unique to the infected tissues. Expression of each transcript varied considerably among tissues and with postinfection time. The abundance of overall pol transcripts coincided with those of DNA polymerase protein, viral DNA, viral polypeptides and polyhedrin in these tissues, with the exception of the carcass. These results suggest that the expression of viral pol transcripts is regulated differentially among tissues and during infection. They also suggest a possible role of viral early gene expression or viral DNA synthesis in the regulation of late and very late gene expression.
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Midori FUKAYA, Hiroshi HONDA
1995 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages
467-470
Published: August 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Behavioral responses of males of the yellow-spotted longicorn beetle, Psacothea hilaris (PASCOE), to female extracts were analyzed using a gelatin capsule as an artificial female model. Males showed dash (DS) and/or abdominal bending (AB) behaviors when exposed to a capsule coated with female extracts. When exposed to the body extracts, both DS and AB responses increased depending on the extract dose from 2
-6FE (female equivalent)/capsule, and the AB response decreased at high doses (1 and 2 FE/capsule). When exposed to elytra extracts, however, the AB response increased from 2
-4FE/capsule level but the DS response was observed only at 2 FE/capsule. These data indicate the presence of two different pheromone components : one which induces a DS response and another which induces an AB response. In follow-up experiments, the component inducing the DS response was demonstrated to be localized mainly on the prothorax surface but that inducing the AB response was distributed on the entire body surface.
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Keiichi HONDA, Akira TADA, Nanao HAYASHI
1995 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages
471-477
Published: August 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Males of Ideopsis similis were found to secrete two kinds of dihydropyrrolizine derivatives : hydroxydanaidal from the abdominal hairpencils and danaidone from the hindwings. Although structures similar to alar patches or pockets characteristic of most danaid males are lacking in I. similis, electron microscopic examination revealed the presence of modified scales mainly in cell 1A + 2A of the hindwings. Beneath these modified scales were found peculiar integumental structures recognized as secretory organs, which might play an important role in secretion and/or production of danaidone. The findings suggest that in I. similis, unlike other danaid butterflies, the two dihydropyrrolizines may be independently produced in different organs. The average quantity of hydroxydanaidal secreted by the spring population amounted to 48.3 μg/male, while that of the autumn population was only 7.3-8.4 μg/male. In contrast, the amount of danaidone, with an average of 3.2 (spring) or 2.1 (autumn) μg/male, showed no noticeable seasonal variation.
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Akio OTAKE
1995 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages
479-481
Published: August 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Akio OTAKE
1995 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages
482-484
Published: August 25, 1995
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Satoshi TODA, Kenji FUJISAKI, Fusao NAKASUJI
1995 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages
485-487
Published: August 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Manabu KAMIMURA
1995 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages
487-489
Published: August 25, 1995
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Tadashi GOMI
1995 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages
490-492
Published: August 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Ichiji TOGASHI, Takuya ISHIKAWA
1995 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages
493-494
Published: August 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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Hong Keng TAN, Ritsuo NISHIDA
1995 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages
494-497
Published: August 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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I. Sergey CHERNYSH, P. Nina SIMONENKO, Hideharu NUMATA
1995 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages
498-499
Published: August 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 07, 2008
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