In this paper, the authors are making theoretical and experimental studies on the accurate estimation for the driving point impedance characteristics at any impact points of the concrete floor slab. The important factors which determine the impedance characteristics of floor slab are the loss factor at the fundamental and high-order modes frequencies of natural vibration and the influence of the edge fixing on the change in impedance characteristics at various impact point. The theoretical characteristics of loss factor on the assumption of the diffusive bending wave vibration was derived and compared with the experimental values which obtained from analysis on the decay time at resonant frequencies of concrete floor slabs under various slab area, span ratio and fixing. As for the influence of slab edge fixing, the degree of increase in impedance level was investigated in the case that the impact point received the influence of edge fixing from the two directions and the case that the beam girders were added.

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We considered the structure of the evaluation of river environment by the people's opinions and sense based on the questionnaires executed in 9 municipalities on the basins of the Nagara, the Chikugo and the Shimanto, and mainly analysed the conservation of river environment and the accessibility to river. Now, the Part 1 on this study analysed the evaluation of living environment in the same regions. The contents of this paper are as follows. 1) We showed the properties of river environment in the 9 regions of the upper reaches, the middle reaches and the lower reaches. 2) We analysed the people's behaviours of recreation in and around the rivers. 3) As to the conservation of river environment and the accessibility to river, we analysed the people's evaluation concerning the nature of river, landscape, artificiality and playing area with water. 4) Using the factor analysis, we selected 3 and 2 common factors from the results of the people's evaluation on the conservation and the accessibility. And we evaluated the regions with the average factor scores in each factor. 5) Using 3 items for comprehensive evaluation of river enviornment, we showed the results of the people's opinions in each region. And we analysed the relation between the comprehensive, conservative evaluation and the people's properties, using the Quantity Theory Cluster III. 6) We clarified the river images by the Semantic Differential Technique using the 30 pairs of adjectives. Using the factor analysis, we selected 4 common factors from these results, and evaluated the regions with the average factor scores in each factor. 7) As to the above mentioned contents on each evaluation, we showed the correlation matrix, and showed the relation between the scores of evaluation and the selected indexes of river environment.

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This study is to estimate statisticaly the life time of Japanese wooden houses used exclusively for residence. Data sources are the ledgers prepared for the fixed property taxes, from which the numbers of remaining houses and demolished ones were took out in order of newly built year. Total of remaining houses are over 7 million. Using terms of reliability theory, the "probability density function of failure" is supposed to follow a logarithmic normal distribution from graphic analysis, and by the reliability function presumed, the life expectancy of Japanese wooden houses are estimated at some 48 years.

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The purpose of this study is to explain the significance of the wide spreading of the "Tsuzukima-type" plan nowadays. The followings are new findings obtained from the field survey of the way of living in three local cities - Oogaki, Kagoshima and Kanazawa. 1. The "Tsuzukima-type" plan is the one which is spreading with the growth of salaried workers' demanding for a detached house in local cities. 2. The "Tsuzukima-type" plan is considered to be formed under the influence of both the traditional plan in each local city and the "Koushishitu-type" plan in the metropolitan area. 3. The room arrangement of its first floor can be fitted for both traditional principle of house living, "HARE" and "KE", and modern one, "KOU" (=public) and "SHI" (=private). 4. In conclusion, the "Tsuzukima-type" plan is considered to be a transient one which is spreading in the changing process of traditional house affected by urbanization.

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1) PREFACE This paper is concerned with research into the changes in the watercourses network in the metropolitan area of Tokyo. In paticular, the investigation is concerned with industrialization, modernization, and the development of the motor car-oriented society and its influence in reducing the amount of watercourses. The scope of the investigation is as follows : (1) Within a radius of 50 km of the Tokyo Station. (2) 23-ku in Yokyo. Period of the investigation is 68 years. In the metropolitan area, the city has changed its function and form over the past 68 years. As a result, rivers and canals have largely been influenced by that change. The subject of this paper is the investigation and research into the degree of reduction of rivers, canals and ponds as caused by the modernization of the city. The scope of the water environment we have chosen to investigate is very broad from small blocks to large rivers and the sea. Here, we used a "Space modular coordination chart" presented by Dr. Ojima in 1982. The Topographical Survey Institute of Japan. Other references used are : to pographicals maps from the past years, documents related to geography, statistical data, townplans, etc. A blank map was prepared as the base map on which the watercourses network was drawn. Measuring method of the total length of water-front : the digitizer (measurement precision : 1/10 mm) set into a microcomputer measured each water-front length five times, and the average value was used. This paper uses the concept of water-front density. The water-front density is given as the following formula. W_d= W_l/S, where W_d : water front density (km/km^2), W_l : total length of water-front (km), S : area of a certain region (km^2). 2) THE CHANGE IN THE WATER-FRONT LENGTH IN THE REGION WITHIN A RADIUS OF 50 KM OF THE METROPOLITAN AREA Table 2, 3 and Fig. 2, 3 shows the transition in watercourse, the number of which has been reduced in the past 68 years. In the whole region within a radius of 50 km of the metropolitan area, 624.3 km of water-front length has been lost. This is equal to 32.4 % of the total water-front length in 1914. The nearer to the center of the metropolitan area, the more marked is the tendency to reduction of the watercourse. Concentration of industrial base areas has proceeded around the bay of Tokyo for these 68 years. Concentration of population the center of the metropolitan area and rapid progress of commercial activity has been a primary cause of the reduction of watercourse length. 3) INVESTGATION OF ACTUAL CONDITION IN TOKYO 23-KU Fig. 5 shows transition in the waterfront length in Tokyo 23-ku the past 68-years. Waterfront length was 2 107.5km in 1909, but decreased to 904.6km in 1980, This indicates the average decrease of 17km every year. Waterfront length in 1980 corresponds to 57 % of the 1909 figure. Fig. 6〜10 shows changes in the watercourses network from 1909 to 1980. Changes in conditions of waterfront length have been processed by mesh data processing and shown in Fig. 11〜16. Waterfront length of 100m per mesh was constructed with the radius of 2 mm in the original drawing. Fig. 16 shows the complete changes from 1909 to 1980. The areas with dark shading in Fig. 5〜9 indicate the partially Tokyo Bay. This area of the Tokyo Bay was decreased by 75.14 km during 71 years. Its area in 1980 corresponds to 68.4 % of the 1909 figure. 4) RESULTS There are various problems concerning the rivers in the city. The problem can reclamation of those, permament reclamation has been studied. Since 1914, 32.4 % of watercourses in the metropolitan area within a radius of 50-km, and 4.9 % of that in the metropolitan area within a radius of 10km has been lost. Fifty-seven percent of watercourse in the Tokyo 23-ku has been lost since 1909.

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In this paper, after to show the model of pedestrian flows in matrix is examined, we investigate the natures of eigen values and vectors of the transition matrix used in the model of pedestrian flows. We prove the application of transition matrix useful to analyze and calculate the pedestrian flows. Conclusions are as follows. 1) Showing the model of pedestrian flows in matrix, the model becomes very easy to handle. 2) By using the eigen values and vectors of transition matrix, computational steps were made simple. 3) The first eigen vector of transition matrix means the ratio of pedestrian flows on each node at steady-state condition. The other eigen values mean the speed of convergence. 4) The eigen vectors of the positive eigen values express mainly geographical factor, and the eigen vectors of the negative values express mainly the attractive factor.

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The purpose of this study is to analyse the defference and Special in the farmhouse-plan by a Territory of a Feudal-Clan. The region of this examination is the USUKI, OKA, SAEKI-Clan by a KYUSHU. The results are as follows ; 1. The farmhouse-plan is assorted the development system and development gradition. 2. The difference of this development system is a difference by a territory of the USUKI, OKA, SAEKI-Clan.

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This paper presents a method of approximate estimates of multiple dwelling house at the outline proposal stage. The approximate estimates are required to be carried out more quickly and more precisely. It proposes the method which can define the volume of construction works within reasonable error by using multivariate analysis such as multiple regression analysis and cluster analysis. In this method it makes another proposal that if necessary we can point out the part of the model to revise by setting the limit of error logically. Conclusions are drawn as to the relevance of the application of the model to multiple dwelling house.

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This paper deals with a distribution of burden of housing expenditure, in case of owned housing acquisition in metropolitan areas. A summary of conclusion is as follows ; (1) In metropolitan areas, proportion of ready-built house for sale and proportion of households who bought new owned housing with selling previous housing have been increasing. By these tendency, the market of owned housing has been diversified. (2) The basic structure of owned housing market is almost stable in KEIHIN metropolitan area, but it has been changing in KEIHANSIN metropolitan area. (3) Proportion of burden of redemption with owned acquisition to household income is almost stable, but magnification of hole housing price to household income has been increasing. This is the effect of improvement on housing finance system. (4) Improvement of ability of housing acquisition has brought rising of housing condition. (5) The result acquired in this research is regarded as useful information for planning housing supply policy.

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This study presents the rational approaches to the process planning and scheduling for a building construction with computer systems. In the paper, the author put the focus on the methodology for planning and scheduling of activities in construction process, using a graphical presentation and system simulations with GPSS. The author has developed the graphical method of presenting the status of activities in construction process. This graph is called "Process Graph", which represents the activities, precedence relations among activities, resources, building elements, space and those interactions. Process Graph could be translated into GPSS language automatically, therefore it is very easy to develop a model of system simulation for construction processes. The methods described here were applied to planning of activities in reinforcing works.

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This report, which examines the image of exterior house-form as expressed in words, deals with one portion of an opinion-survey using 76 exterior photographs of detached houses ; this opinion-survey was entitled "Image Research of Architecture". This part of the survey was done by requiring the respondents to write word responses to these questions : "What kind of architectural type do you imagine intuitionally from the photographs of each building, and what kinds of associations arise from your perception of its form ?" First, by directly summing up the data which were expressed for each building, we reached a general conclusion about how the form of buildings is grasped in words, and starting from the fact that among the responses for individual buildings we could observe many words in common, we examined each word to determine which buildings were described using that same word. Next, from a quantitative examination of the ways in which the same word had been adopted for different buildings, we determined the closeness of the relation between buildings and derived a correlation matrix (represented graphically), from which we extracted several groups of buildings. And then, adopting factor-analysis for the correlation matrix, we confirmed, as the most appropriate solution, a total of eight significant factors, from which we exrtacted eight types of exterior house-form. As the conclusion of this report, we clarified the relation between the individual building types and words by taking into account the factor scores of the eight types.

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Although architectural quantity survey techniques are always essential in order to plan and rationalize architectural construction activities, there are few historical analysis on the scientific universality of such techniques in Japan. The "Gushikenki" (written in the Edo Period) appears to be known as the only architectural reference book dealing with these techniques. Nevertheless, this book seems to be based on previous Japanese mathematics books that were already concerned with the matter. In this study we intend to examine the architectural quantity survey techniques contained such books, as a first stage for a future and move advanced study on the "Gushikenki" and its mathematical background.

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The purpose of this paper is to inspect the Kesen-carpenters and their genealogies on the construction of shrines and temples through the investigations on both the Munafuda and the documentary records of the Edo and the Meiji periods. The contents of this paper are as follows. Introduction. 1. Examples on both the Kesen-carpenters and their construction of shrines and temples. 2. Forms of the Kesen-carpenter's works. 3. Genealogies of the Kesen-carpenter's techniques. Conclusion.

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Constituent members of the space for Japanese traditional architecture were classified into four or five clusters. Perceptive characteristics of the members are understandable by considering the cluster to which they belong. Roofs are characterized by their form such as layout, shape and texture. Walls are characterized by their surface nature such as pattern, color and luster. Ceilings and bracketings are characterized both by form and by nature. The correlation of these members and the image of the space for Japanese traditional architecture will be described in the following paper.

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ドクシアデスは,彼の「古代ギリシャの建築空間」(邦題「古代ギリシャのサイトプランニング」長嶋訳)の中で,古代ギリシャの神域の配置を分析している。それによると,ギリシャ人の空間認識の仕方は,人間の視点を中心にして,そこから各方向に何フィートのところに何があるといった,いわば極座標的な理解の仕方であるとしている。彼はこの考えに基づいて,神城内の建物の配置について,神域の入口に視点をおき,それを極座標の原点とし,そこから神域内の建物の特定の点(例えば建物の隅角部)までの距離,それらの距離の比,およびそれらの視線のなす角度を測り,これらの距離,角度の関係を検討した。その結果,神域の配置は,視点から建物の各点までの距離が幾何学的比例関係をなし,そられ視線の角度の関係が, 360°をそれぞれ10等分または12等分した角度体系「10分割法」および「12分割法」の,2つの体系によって計画されたとしている。しかしながら彼の分析は,むしろ残存している遺跡の現況,つまり計画の結果を説明するが,建築家が実際に神域の寸法をどのような手順で決定したか,その過程を説明しない。本文では,アテネのアクロポリスについての彼の分析を例にとり,これを批判した。また建物が互いに直角または平行に配置された神域では,彼の述べるような極座標によって,その配置を考えるのは,もともと不自然と思われるし,また施工者にとっては却って不便であり実践的ではないと思われる。むしろ最初から直交座標で考えた方が,合理的かつ現実的だろう。古代の建物の寸法決定の二大要因は,寸法それ自体の値と,寸法間の比例であると思われる。建物の寸法が最終的に決定されるまでには,最初の基本原則から最後の微調整に至るまでの,いくつかの段階を経ると思われるが,最初の段階ではなるべく端数のない完数による寸法,あるいはなるべく簡潔な比例を選ぶだろうということが,当然推測される。この2つの要因を判断の規準として,現在一般的に考えられている古代尺の値をもとにしながら,コス島の2つの神域の分析結果を次に述べる。紀元前2世紀に建設されたアスクレピオス神域の上部テラスは,コの字型ストアとそれに囲まれた神殿が,左右対称に配置されている。分析の結果,前時代の神城壁の基礎を利用して建てられている,このストアのスタイロベート長さは,最初南側が270 ft, 東・西側がその3/5の162 ft と計画された。柱間は最初基本的に8ftとして計画されたが,次の段階で,入隅部の柱間が15/8ft拡張,北端の柱間が7/16ft縮少され,標準柱間が南側で81/6ft,東・西側で81/16ftと調整された。スタイロベート長さは,最終的にはこれらの調整を経て,南側2723/4ft,東・西側1621/3ftとなった。神殿の大きさは,その正面スタイロベート幅が東西ストア間の距離に対し,1:5という単純な比例で決定されている。アフロディテの神域は,紀元前2世紀に建てられたものであるが,ドリス式のペリスタイルの中庭に,前柱式の神殿が2つ左右対称に配置されている。プロピロンも神殿に対応して,正面に2つ左右対称に配置されているが,これらの建物の大きさが周囲の付け柱の柱間に対応していることから,最初の段階では,9ftのこの柱間をモジュールとしたグリッドプランで計画されたものと思われる。中庭の大きさは,この段階では15×13グリッドだったものが,外周の柱より中庭の柱が少さいため,モジュールの値,つまり柱間を7.5 ft に縮少し,大きさを17×15グリッドとした。さらに,中庭の幅,奥行きを寸法比をより単純な7:6とするための微調整を行い,最終的には幅を128ft, 奥行きを110 ft とし,対応する柱間をそれぞれ,717/32ft,71/3ftとした。以上の検討結果から,ドクシアデスの分析は理論的ではあるが,実際の設計手順としては,実践的ではないということが判った。彼のいう空間認識の仕方は,一般の観察者にとっては正しいかも知れないが,計画家にとっては不充分である。むしろ計画家には,平面を鳥瞰できる抽象的な空間把握の能力が要求され,これなしにおそらく設計はできないであろう。そしてこの平面に対して寸法を与えるたためには,当然必要な計算がなされたのである。コスの2つの神域も,もちろんこの例にもれず,直交座標上で,寸法とその比例を規準に計画された。

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The source of JodokyO-architectures of Heian era exists in Hojoji. But the architectural character of this temple has not been distinct. So, I tried to make clear the character of Hojoji in this paper.

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The report examines the evolution of domestic space and the equipage associated with it as a response to change in domestic life patterns. The report is organized in the following manner : 1) Discussion of the main social factors effecting change in housework 2) Discussion of how these changes in housework imposed new requirements on domestic space 3) Conclusion

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