This paper describes a procedure for experimental analysis on the floor impact sound of bare concrete floor when excited with the Heavy-Floor-Impact-Sound-Generator specified in JIS A 1418. This study shows that floor impact sound at law frequency can be analyzed as a linear system response between impact point and sound receiving point, and the experimental modal analysis techniques are available to this floor impact sound analysis. The Heavy-Floor-Impact-Sound-Generator is simulated a child jump up and down on the floor, and its exciting force can be aproximated a half sin pulse. The frequency response function between impact point and sound receiving point can be obtain to integrate the multiplying floor frequency reponses function by room frequency responses function. It is found that at lower frequency less than lowest room eigen frequency the floor impact sound spectrum peaks at floor eigen frequencis, and at higher frequency more than lowest room eigen frequency the floor impact sound spectrum peaks at room eigen frequencis excited with specific floor eigen vibrations.

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The operation of shading devices such as Venetian blinds by occupants of high-rise office buildings in Tokyo was investigated. Photographs of building facade were taken on hour-by-hour basis to know blinds operation. They were compared with simultaneously observed weather data. The relationship was analized between opening or closing operation of blinds and solar conditions such as the position of the sun and the intensity of direct radiation. The results show that : (1) No-operation ratio (the ratio of window surface area in which no operation was observed) reaches to approximately 60%, (2) The blinds operation seems to be explained not by the solar heat gain through window but by the width of sunlit floor area, (3) It is not, however, triggered when direct solar gain is under 10-50 (kcal/m〜2・h) threshold value, (4) Timing of actual operation often delays compared with theoretical optimal timing, particularly in opening operation, Furthermore, a practical simulation model which predicts the use of blinds was proposed on the basis of these results.

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Outside walls of a building receive not only direct and diffuse solar radiations coming from the sky but also solar radiation reflected from the ground and the opposite buildings. In an area exposed with high air temperature and strong solar radiation, such as Japan in summer, the reflected solar radiation may have quite significant effect on the thermal environment in houses. To measure the reflected solar radiation with a pyranometer, an upper half cover was used. The measured data showed that the amount of the reflected solar radiation incident on the outside wall was a half of that of the diffuse solar radiation. The variation of the reflected solar radiation depended on that of the direct solar radiation. The reflected solar radiation can be calculated, using the data of direct and horizontal diffuse solar radiation, photoes taken by a fish eye lens, and albedoes of the ground and building surfaces. The north wall opposite the northern building accepts the amount of solar radiation as much as the horizontal diffuse solar radiation, except the lower part of the wall, disregarding winter and summer. The higher story wall, the more reflected solar radiation is increased in both of winter and summer. The reflected solar radiation coming from the opposite buildings is quite large in winter.

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In this paper, transportation problems of exhaust heat from incineration plants were analyzed by the linear programming method. This paper is composed of the following two parts. 1) A Mesh Model, which presents the information related to exhaust heat by each regional mesh, was developed and applied to the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. The information involves the value of objective function (the product of piping distance and heat transportation quantity), total piping distance and needed number of incineration plants. By the use of this model, strategic location of housing developments is made possible. 2) A Heat Storage Model, which calculates storaged value by unit time, was made and applied to 9 incineration plants in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. As a result, the effectiveness of heat storage in district heat supply plants has been confirmed.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of water uses of dwelling houses in urban districts and to collect the basic data for planning effective uses of water resources. Therefore, we executed the questionnaires of water uses and the investigation of consumptive volume of tap water for the dwelling houses in 11 urban districts from Hokkaido to Okinawa. From the results of these questionnaires, we described the characteristics of households and equipments of water uses, the frequencies and the ways of water uses for various purposes in living and the opinions for water uses. Using the Quantity theory cluster II , we clarified the main factors having an influence on the level of awareness for economy of water. Furthermore, we analysed the construction of water demands of households in urban districts. Using the Quantity theory cluster I , we clarified that the size of a family, regional differences, existence of a water closet and a well and exchanging frequencies of water in a bathtab etc. have a great influence on the consumptive volume of tap water per person of household.

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This study is to explicate Spaces consciousness of the street spaces objectively (Psychological-analysis), to develop a method how to describe the street spaces quantitatively (Physical-analysis), and moreover to obtain relation formulas between the results of Psychological-analysis and those of Physical-analysis (Correlation-analysis). In this paper (PartIII), the results of Correlation-analysis of the street spaces are presented as the last stage of the study. First : Correlation test was carried out at five shopping streets and five residential streets by the use of thirteen bipolar adjective phrases which were classified into such psychological factors as Design Factor, Urbanity Factor, Openness Factor and so on. Second : The correlation coefficients between thirteen psychological factors and twenty-one space elements at the shopping streets and fifteen space elements at the residential streets, respectively, were calculated on the basis of the correlation test data and physical analysis data. Moreover relations among space elements on the steet spaces were made clear with the cluster analysis method on the correlation coefficients. Last : Twenty-six estimate formulas were obtained by the multiple regression analysis method with psychological factors as independent variables and space elements as dependent variables. As a result of the analyses, relations between psychological factors and space elements on the street spaces can be explicated qualitatively and quantitatively. In conclusion, sidewalks, trees and shrubberies along the streets and pedestrian buffer spaces between sidewalks and buildings are very important elements and can be enhance the enjoyment, quality of space, openness and atmosphere on the street spaces. How to arrange trees and strubberies produces different psychological influences. Utility poles, signposts and street installations disturb the unity, composure and continuity on the street spaces, etc. Furthermore, this study showed a new systematical method of space analysis.

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Using Semantic Differential Method accompanied with Factor Analysis, image of outdoor space of Kyoto University, Yoshida campus has been analysed to find out particular structure of evaluation charcteristic to the campus. The impression of 139 people who've been studying at the campus more than four years have been surveyed by questionnaire asking assessment of 19 places by 19 pairs of adjectives. The data have been analysed by Factor Analysis and three major factors have been extracted with high explanatory value. The first factor indicates total evaluation of outdoor space and the second and the third factors indicate tradition and neatness of the settings. By plotting 19 places on the three dimentinal graph, a unique structure of outdoor evaluation has been obtained which values a desolated or dark place abandoned long, on the one hand, and does not value a neat and bright place renewed recently, on the other. An application of SD method as an effective meaure for extracting key planning elements of a particular area has been demonstrated.

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In this study, we propose the mathematical evaluation method to analyze the queuing phenomena occured in operation scheduling processes. The temporal transition of queuing phenomena was made a model in terms of probabilities, using Markov chain model. Through the results of applying to a concrete plan, it was found that this evaluation method is effective to assess the number of operating rooms and to judge the operation scheduling processes.

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The purpose of this study is to determine whether it is possible to plan public housing with dwelling units common to both the handicapped and non-handicapped. In the past, there has been a distinction between the dwellings for the handicapped and those for the non-handicapped. However, since the idea of normalization has become increasingly prevalent, it is now necessary to plan for the handicapped dwellings commensurate with those of the non-handicapped. Facilitating this process, it has become possible to apply the space area level for general housing of the non-handicapped, the most important factor in planning, to dwellings for the handicapped. The area level for general housing, which has been gradually increasing, has reached the point where it seems unnecessary to add additional space to that allotted to the non-handicapped by the level. We gathered from 107 municipal goverments floor plans of dwelling units constructed for the handicapped and non-handicapped after 1978. The results are as follows : (1) Of these models, the most common type for the handicapped is 2LDK followed by 3DK and 2DK. For the non-handicapped, 3DK is most common. (2) The average space area level of 3DK for the non-handicapped in the last three years is 60 m^2 which satisfies the minimum dwelling level of 2DK currently used for the handicapped, while falling short of the minimum standard for 2LDK by only 1 m^2. (3) The combination of 3DK for the non-handicapped upstairs and 3DK or 2LDK for the handicapped downstairs results in floor plans compatible for both parties. Some problems occur from the combination of 3DK upstairs and 3DK downstairs. Since the space upstairs determines the space downstairs, individual rooms for the handicapped would be unsuitable. However, if 3DK is upstairs and 2LDK is downstairs for the handicapped, the DK and adjoining rooms of the upstairs can be combined so that the corresponding space downstairs might be made into a LDK without adversely affecting the dimensions necessary for individual rooms. (4) Thus, the combination of 3DK for the non-handicapped upstairs and 2LDK for the handicapped downstairs is the most desirable plan. This plan of combination reflects an effort to choose units appropriate for both upstairs and downstairs : the former has been appraised from the perspective of the non-handicapped while the latter has been appraised from the perspective of both the handicapped and non-handicapped.

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The purpose of this study is to make clear the efficiency of the oppenness of sports-hall in community gymnasium, author analyzed the following subjects on the efficiency. They are the use rate of lounge or social hall, the stagnation phenomenon of players and spectators at court side and entrance to sports-hall. And analyzed the following subjects on the possibility. They are the relation to the space composite of present gymnasium, the degree of risk which ball will run away to outside. By results, the oppenness of sports-hall is efficient and possible.

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This study is to elucidate the ransformation mechanism of urban detached houses in Niigata. This paper is primarily concerned with the repair and renovation process. Through the statistical analysis of the relation between repair-renovation rate and several factors of urban detached houses, the authors pursued to find out some distinctive patterns in this process. The findings obtained may be summarized as follows : 1) ON the average, repair or renovation of some element at one house occures once in seven years. 2) The plan repair-renovation has "the field of balance" between propulsive factors (the change of dwelling needs of occupants) and restraint factors (the housing sites surplus). 3) The renovation by new goods and materials is taken place in a short term, which is not influenced by the house age. But these plural renovations pile up to make this rate increase in proportion to the house age (logistic curve). 4) The roof repair-renovation has relation to the difference between the standard snowfall and the each year.

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In this paper, the un-controllability of construction labour, which is a basic factor in construction management is analyzed. This study is based on a field survey in a site of public housing project that has about one thousand collective dwelling units with the same plan and spesification. The object of the investigation is the prefablicated interior work, in which the work load and schedule time of the carpenters crews were fixed ahead. The investigation's summary results are as follow : 1. Each crew's way of work-dividing is different from the other. 2. Each crew's operation arrangement methods, and the sequence are different from the other. 3. The average amount of man-hours per unit of each crew varies and differs up to 1. 7 times. We can say that there is no same operation way in the sitework. In other words, each crew has its own operating method. As there is not much difference in the object and condition of the operation, we must consider that the difference depends on subjective factors, especially worker's skill. In short, skilled worker has autonomous control on his work, so that the controllability from the outside is comparatively in low level. It comes as the result of worker's self-adaptation to the various conditions of construction projects. Therefore, in the light of the above findings, we must consider the method of construction control in respect of the skilled worker's autonomous control ability.

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In Japan, many houses for mine workers were builf from the 1880's to the 1960's. However, since the goverment changed its energy policies in the sixties, the coal mining industries declined and mine workers who lost their jobs left the coal mining districts. In the 1970's rehabilitation programs of the district were emphasized. But in the programs, policies of housing were not developed. So many dwellers remain at the timeworn houses in coal mining districts. Since dwellers of this housings were poor, problems like a slum appeared. In Fukuoka prefecture, Project for Improving Housing was put into practice from 1967, but 345 Housing Districts remain in 1983. For this report, the author studied the evolution or renewing process of the timeworn houses in Fukuoka from 1967 to 1983. This paper is devided into three sections. In the first and second section, we consider how the old type of mine workers' housings were reduced, reorganized, or improved after the coal mining industries declined. In the third section, we apply Principal Component Analysis to a district classification of the old type of mine worker's housings.

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In spite of the political decline of the Western Roman Empire, church building was vigorously pursued throughout the empire's territory during the so-called Early Christian period (i. e., a span equivalent to the early Byzantine period in the Eastern Empire). Moreover, the remains of ecclesiastical buildings from this period are to be regarded as prototypes on which later variations were based. It is important to clarify the notion of architectural composition in the early Christian buildings. As a first stage, the various building professions yield the suggestion that a certain architectural rationalism had by this time emerged from the general obscurity surrounding the building activity. The titles, or jobs, as listed in Table-1, sometimes appear vague in the context of our knowledge of contemporary society, if compared with their dictionary meanings. The most important of these are : οιχοδομζ, γεχντηζ, αρχιτεχτων, and μηχανιχοζ. In particular, μηχαωχοζ, which means literally' mechanical engineer', indicates a high-ranking profession resembling today's architect to a certain extent. However, detailed examination seems to show that the μηχανιχο, would almost certainly have been engaged in carrying out various scientific tasks in addition to the building activities to which G. Downey would restrict him. For such a person without regard to religious capabilities or aptitudes, architectural work was only one field among the many that could be referred to in general as the domain of applied science. He resembles a Leonardesque figure of the Italian Renaissance, and, as far as this was the case, his abilities surpassed those sketched out by Vitruvius. The results of my research suggest that the division of building labor and productivity must have been established during the Early Christian Peroid. From the fact that the μηχανιχοζ proceeded in his work against a background of non-occult, secular and 'scientific' knowledge, we may infer ecclesiastical architecture to have been characterized by a sort of newfound technical 'proto-rationalism'.

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This paper is the pursuit of "THE KIWARI SYSTEM OF JUHO KIWARI NOTE". In this paper, we introduce the words, "kozukuri", "kikudaki" and "kinosei" as medieval words, which mean "kiwari" Japanese traditional modular coordination. Simultaneously, we examine the definition and the historical background of "daimen" and "komen" as modules in the medieval "kiwari" system found in "Juho Kiwari Note". As a result, we draw out the following conclusion ; the "daimen" module equals one side of the octagonal base of a prismatic pillar, on the other hand, the "komen" module is a 45 orthogonal projection of "daimen" (komen=daimen×√<2>/2). In our opinion, this concept of modules is thought to come from using octagonal pillars, in the case of cylindric pillars, the "daimen" reveals the square based prism of the timber plank used for making the pillar since ancient times. For survey on later periods, we do not identify "daimen" and "komen" modules, however, we mention the appearance of a new module named "men" specially for residences in the Azuch Momoyama period, generating the gradual disappearance of the "daimen" and komen" proportion in "kiwari" system.

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This paper intends to show the histories of Chodo of ancient Imperial Palace in Japan, as well as its architectural characteristics, by comparing the formations and the functions of Chodo with those of Chao Tang (朝堂) in China from Han to Tang age.

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