Soviet library science has entered into a new stage of development after the Stalin era in the late 1950s. Central figure of its theory formation was O. S. Chubarian, Deputy Director of the Lenin State Library, and the author of government approved textbook General Library Science (3d ed. 1976). He revived Lenin's theory of Partiinost' ideology of library science and one total system of libraries in the country. In 1960s Libraries in the Soviet Union has developed a great deal, and the new problems occurred, so that a new theory according the Communist Party decrees were necessary in the library scene. Chubarian had been one of the leading theorists in the 1960 s and 1970s.

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　A. D. Osborn is a great Australian librarian. The writer appreciated Osborn's multiple activities for library, as following.
　1. He reviewed the traditional cataloguing rules, and proposed new rules which were constituted more practical, by his paper “Crisis in Cataloging” 1941.
　2. He worked closely with K. D. Metcalf to reconstruct and develop the Harvard University Library, and surveyed many libraries.
　3. His “Serial Publications: Their Place and Treatment” is a authoritative text-book on serial librarianship.
　4. While he was the Librarian at the University of Sydney, he contributed not only the Library but also to the academic libraries in Australia.
　5. After teaching many library schools. as the first Dean of the School of Library and Information Science at the University of Western Ontario, he took a remarkable achievement in the history of Canadian education for librarianship.
　6. And as an antiquarian bookseller, he served to the Australian research libraries.
　In conclusion, the writer evaluated him as one of the most important reorganizers of academic librasy and librarianship in changing age.

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　Caroline M. Hewins, 1846-1926, is the most prominent librarian in the American Librarianship. At Hartford, Connecticut, she devoted her life to forming the public library work with both adults and children just about for a half a century. This article aims specially to trace her work with children, because she should be considered to be a real pioneer in the library work with children and it is she that shaped an original framekwork of children's librarianship in theory and practice.

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　Dr. Shiyali Ramarita Ranganathan (1892-1972), who is often called “the father of library science in India,” made a great contribution to librarianship in India. His theory is greatly appreciated all over the world, and he stands as one of the most significant contributors to library science.
　This article offers an outline of Dr. Ranganathan's life and describes his contribution to the library profession. The writer, relating to the context, gives some consideration to the significance of “The Five Laws of Library Science” with some facts illustrative of each law.

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