In this paper, the author deals with Unesco's basic posture, relations between Unesco's program and the one of the United Nations, details of the pilot projects and seminars, and lastly, gives an overall evaluation.
Findings in this paper, though being fairly limited in area and depth, could be summarized as follows.
· Within the total Unesco work, its contribution towards development of public libraries was rather small.
· During this period, Unesco's activities regarding libraries were concentrated within the Western part of Africa.
· Unesco's program for public libraries was local—government oriented which stemmed from the Anglo— American tradition, rather than centrally controlled.
· The role of Unesco was like a catalyst and/or tigger meant to encourage autonomous activities in the respective countries.
· In the developing countries especially, there was a certain understanding among leading personel (c.f. Dr. Ranganathan in India) who had strong views or opinions about drawing a model for public libraries from their own situations, instead of simply adapting the UK and US model.
· The public library in developing countries was closely related to fundamental and adult education.
· As time passed, the limitations of pilot project become apparent. Library development planning began to be included within national development planning, which embodied other fields as well.
Finally, we should note that Unesco's activity was not free from the limitations of general economic assistance. In other words, Unesco's library assistance activity was based upon negotiation on the govern mental level. Though a definitive effort to take views and opinions of the local personel and experts could be seen in the planning stage, it seems that there was little ground to reflect the opinions of actual clients. When it comes to evaluating the assistance activities, the degree of actualization of the clients' opinions must be counted as a major factor. Therefore, the reactions of and/or evaluation by the clients of the Unesco program in their respective countries will be left for further study.

View full abstract

It is an important problem for the availability of an academic library whether a library is accessible for its clientele or not. But as a library collection grows larger and larger, it becomes more and more difficult to find the appropriate place for the library to build new large building. This paper tries to decide the center of a campus arithmetically, and examines the way of measuring the degree of nearness between the center and the library. The center of the gravity of population, which is computed in the census, is applied as one of the way to decide the center of a campus. The point which minimize the traffic of university members is also considered. To indicate the degree of nearness from the center, centrality index and centrality deviation value are devised. These ideas are applied to actual universities and co-value lines are drawn on campus maps.

View full abstract

The purpose of this paper is to trace the process of secularization of book production in England in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.
In the early Middle Ages the monasteries were the principal centers of the book production, but at the beginning of thirteenth century the monasteries began to decline and the function of book making was taken over by cratsmen. At the same time, universities were being founded in Italy and France and they were rapidly spreading to other European countries. This resulted in a great demand for books in various fields, which were now provided for by secular scribes, illuminators, and stationers; these cratsmen became very active in forming their own guilds in the various cities and towns.
In this paper the changing conditions are surveyed, particularly in Oxford, Cambridge and London, by reviewing the literature and also by consulting some examples of manuscripts which represent the works of this period.

View full abstract