“The vision of regional diversified farming” had become popular since midst of 1970. There were a lot of tentative cases to realize this vision. Some were in line with main tendencys in agricultural field at that time, i. e. simplication of farming system and enlargement of farming scale. But, the others were not in line with them.
Government had also paid attention to it. However, actual policies were apt to drag the directions of the policy in the past, i. e. simplication of farming system and enlargement of farming scale. There had been two types of policy measures aimed to promote regional diversified farming. The one was one of the variation of the policy measures of the promotion of large scale, consolidated agricultural production area. The other was one of the variation of the policy measures of the supporting to farming groups.
There were many studies to deepen the rationality and the realization of the vision. Reveiwing the controveisral points, two policy implications become clear. Firstly, it is essential to consider the plofitability of each farms to actulize the re-cycling system of organic agricultural by-products. such as manure and straw of cereal plants. Secondly, it should be basic stance to promote to “diversifying each farms” as a precondition of the promotion of “regional diversified farming”

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The land use patterns of upland farming area in Horigane, Sayama city, Saitama Prefecture during Meiji era, Showa era and the present-day are studied mainly in relation to the physical environments, using Multivariate Analysis 0 (Quantification method II) of grid data sets in the Area. The data sets for the analysis are arranged as 1/10 grid of JIS tertiary grid coordinate system. The Study area of around 800ha is covered with 790 pixels.
The Area is characterized by flat terrain of uplifted land (EL 40m-60m), deep black soils (Andosols) derived from tephla deposits and intensive upland vegetable farmings.
Land use distribution patterns in Meiji era, Shows era and the present-day are also examined and changes of land use during Meiji era and the present-day in the Area is clarified as follows;
-Quarter of wood lands in Meiji era were developed to house lots in present-day and upland farming fields.
-Farm lands cover around 50% of the total area of the Horigane in both Meiji era and the present-day.
-Tree crop lands were mainly changed to upland fields and many upland fields around house lots were changed to house lots from Meiji era to the present-day.
-Many complex areas of house lots, farm lands and wood lands occur in the present-day landuse with expansion of house lots area.
Through the study, the mesh scores of three (3) sets which are obtained as results (Quantities) of the Quantification method II analysis are estimated and are as follows;
-Quantity 1 which is a mesh score set of highest correlation coefficient indicates the score dividing farm lands from wood lands.
-Quantity 2 which is a score set of second highest correlation coefficient indicates the score separating house lots from the others.
-Quantity 3 which is a score set of lowest correlation coefficient indicates the score separating tree-crop lands from the others.
Acoording to the results of the analysis, it is considered that geo-morphological classifications, soil series, slope classifications, elevation classifications and accessibility to road network are the major environmental factors affecting the distribution of land use in this Area. The main factors that decide each land use distribution are estimated as (1) farm lands mainly found on lower lands, soil series of moisture to wet conditions, and lands with poor accessibility to roads, (2) wood lands mainly on sloping or uplifted lands and soil series of dry or wet. (3) house lots on lands with good accessibility to roads and lower convex lands.

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In Japan, Integrated Rural Improvement Projects (IRIPs) have been implemented since 1970s in order to improve infrastructure for rural living condition as well as that for agricultural production. However, little has been done to evaluate the effects of these projects except for a few studies. In order to evaluate them objectively, a method for determining ‘Noscin Seibi Shisu’ or Rural Living Condition Index (RLCI) is proposed by authors through modifying the method of PLI (People's Life Index). Data from “Survey on Rural Development Conditions” by National Land Agency of 1975, 1982 and 1988 are used to calculate RLCIs. There are several types of Integrated Rural Improvement Project. (IRIP), of which Integrated Rural Improvement Model Project (IRIMP) is selected as the object of the study. The evaluation is executed at the level of shi-cho-scm (municipality). More than 2000 shi-cho-sons are classified into three groups: shi-cho-sons that planned IRIMP before 1977 (what are called phase I shi-cho-sons) are categorized as Group 1, those that planned IRIMP in and after 1977 are categorized as Group 2, and those without IRIMP are categorized as Group 3. Comparison is performed among each group with respect to increase in RLCIs, and is also broken down by the types of area where shi-cho-sons are located, namely toshi-teki (sub-urban), heichi (flat), chukan (semi-hilly), and sankan (hilly) area.
The comparison shows that average increase in RLCIs of Group 1 is bigger than that of Group 3. It also shows that such difference is clearer in chusankan (hilly and semi-hilly) areas than in flat areas. Another finding is that the difference is clear for the period of 1975 to 1982, but not for the period of 1982 to 1988.
From these results, it is concluded that IRIMP has completed its role of exhibiting the model case of improving rural living conditions, which might not have been improved without it. It is also concluded that IRIP type of improvement is effective especially in chusankan areas, where structural improvement policies should be pursued to alleviate the possible side-effects of the Uruguay Round agreement in agricultural sector.

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In a deep-inundation zone in the old Meghna floodplain, Bangladesh, a trend on agricultural technological renovation has changed through the introduction of the “green-revolution”. It has shifted from “The imagery of traditional delta farmers” cum “environmentally adaptive” innovative technologies to “joint farming” cum “environmentally reformative” innovative technologies. Introduction and diffusion of the latter technologies is based on the indigenous community with a strong leadership and change of the thought of general farmers. This technology takes the prior position in agricultural technological renovation and implies the new direction of the rural development in this area.

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Recently, the Problem of maintaining population level in local cities and surrounding areas has been a serious subject for regional planning. It is an especialy serious problem in underpopulated rural areas. The factor involved are both economic and social. In this paper we wish to look at this problem.
The aim of this study is to look at the following Points:
(1) Views of the inhabitants as to the habitabilities of the hamlets and cities.
(2) Whether inhabitants intend to continue living at the hamlets and the cities.
(3) The value put on the principal regional facilities by the inhabitants.
(4) The value put on the principal conditions in the neighborhood by the inhabitants.
(5) The requirments for improvements to the regional facilities.
(6) The requirments of improvements for the conditions in the neighborhood.
We chose Kanuma city as the object of this study, It has a population of 93, 000, and is in Totigi prefecture. Kanuma city is composed of ten districts, these are densely inhabited districts, unterraced rice field and hamlets, and terraced field and hamlets, narrow village in between small mountains and small villages in the mountains.
In this study, we sent out questionnaires to 2, 000 inhabitants and received 803 replies. The results of questionnaire showed the following tendencies:
(1) On the questions of the habitability, 68.8% of people answered their lives were comfortable and 21.3% of people answered their lives were uncomfortable.
(2) Questions of intentions of remaining in the city, 76.1% of people answered they wished to live there.
(3) It appears that the positive or negative impressions of the city are directly related to whether or not people intended to continue living in the area.
(4) The reasons given for remaining were the existence of properties attachment tothe home town and natural surroundings in city.
(5) Response to the questions at the value put on regional facilities, the highly valued items were infant schools, elementary and junior high schools.
(6) The low-valued facilities were the hospitals social welfare facilities for the aged peoples and of the high schools, museums, athletic facilities, leisure facilities for inhabitants.
(7) The requirments for new facilities were confined to the medical facilities, leisure facilities and parks.
(8) Other areas identified in the questions in need of improvement were environmental ammenities such as the conditions of the roads, the drain systems, safe play yards for the children, small parks and the more street lamps.

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