This paper assesses contemporary British LFAs policy through comparison with Japanese Hilly and Mountainous Areas policy. Decoupled income support and environmental schemes promote extensive agriculture and discourage entrepreneur's innovation. Maintenance of the rural population, encouraging added value production and fostering the human resource must be the critical issue. Promoting diversified enterprise of agricultural firms is not readily achievable although it is often considered as an important policy instrument required in connection with decoupled direct subsidy. Accountability and reliability of government finance must be enforced when direct payment is the major instrument to support agriculture and countryside in place of market price support.

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Spatial planning system is now the concept to coordinate the different planning system of countries in European Union, which is originally prepared in Switzerland. This system was introduced in Japan thorough the Rural Development Planning Commission. However, the land use planning system has been very weak in Japan because of the sectionalism of bureaucracy and political and economic power. Though the concept of landscape has been introduced in Japan, it is not yet established as a land use planning system. The suburban area is serious with the issue of deregulation of building control by using the system of district plan, which was introduced at first from Germany for the empowerment of planning control but nowadays used as a reason of deregulation. This kind of attitude might be the weakest point of Japanese style to introduce western culture such as copying the method but not its essence. As Kunio Yanagida stated, the cooperation of urban and rural areas should be restructured. It could be led from the citizen movement, and afterwards the concept and regal system would follow.

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Concepts and methods of “Landschaftsplanung (landscape planning)” were introduced to Japan from Germany in the 1960s and subsequently applied to many rural areas. While an influential source of planning ideas and practices, the original Landschaftsplanung was limited in two key respects. First, since existing land use and conditions were characterized as natural and static conditions to be maintained indefinitely, the importance and inevitability of dynamic land use transformation, as evidenced in continually evolving landscapes such as satoyama, was overlooked. Second, owing to the considerably different riskscapes of Japan and central Europe, the importance of vulnerability and resilience to natural disasters was also underemphasized. Essential to fulfilling contemporary demands on ecological landscape/land-use planning in Japan is the task of remaking “Landschaftsplanung” by incorporating considerations of dynamic human interventions and resilience to natural disasters.

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This study surveyed the consciousness of residential environmental compare with farmer and non-farmer in Kiasei Town, Kanagawa Prefecture where the share of non-farmer has been quickly increasing. As a result, the farmer satisfy this demand for agricultural water for extinguishing, the playground, and invent, it was suggested that the provision of “agriculture” be considered. And, when alternative use for the agricultural water became alternative use from the agricultural water for extinguishing according to the disaster, the tendency not to attach importance to agriculture was shown.
On the other hand, the analysis found that non-farmer has a strong demand for “convenience” and “comfort” in daily life. Non-farmer chose “agricultural” as the factors that most satisfy their demand for “comfort”. It was clarified that non-farmer tend to consider “agricultural” as the attractive landscape in their living environment.

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