Biotope (habitat) type maps are essential as base maps for land use planning and biodiversity conservation. Actual vegetation maps are often used as the base maps, though important information for biotope evaluation such as vegetation structure and anthropogenic land modification is not shown enough. We proposed a procedure of biotope type mapping for rural areas and drew a prototype map. We classified biotope types following German system of biotope classification in some part and also considering soil moisture of rice paddies in winter, bank modification of irrigation canals, vegetation management frequency in grasslands and density of woodland understory.

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  We discussed how biodiversity conservation in rural landscape/ecosystem should be dealt with at the fields of rural planning for future. By reviewing international issues on agrobiodiversity in which cultural knowledge developed in a local society is often included as a part of biodiversity conservation and management, we argued the lack of holistic approaches including not only conservation biological and ecological but also socioeconomic, anthropological and ethnobiological viewpoints for conserving biodiversity in rural landscapes, Japan. Based on a new paradigm of biodiversity conservation in Japan's rural landscapes as of inseparability with knowledge and culture in a rural society, we elaborated key issues in each rural-planning aspect for biodiversity assessment at the fields of rural planning with different locations from mountainous to urbanized regions.

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  A consideration was progressed for historical establishment of agrobiodiversity in a rice field of rural area, integrating factors in biogeography, rural history and engineering, farming systems and agricultural management practices. Actually situation of conservation or restoration planning of agrobiodiversity have conducted from an only view point of agricultural management practice, especially ignoring biogeographical ones as the first historical step. For systematic planning of nature restoration in a rice field of a particular rural area, it is necessary to understand deeply integrated analysis of agrobiodiversity basing on biographical, historical and agronomical academic disciplines.

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  In this paper, we want to discuss the strategy and scheme of developing biodiversity inventory for quantitative assessment of rural environmental changes. For this purpose, we reviewed some biodiversity inventories, such as Habitat Matrix in Canada, HNV farmland project of EEA, BDM in Switzerland, CIS & CS in UK, National Survey on the Natural Environment in Japan, “Tanbono-ikimono-chousa” in Japan, Rural Landscape Information System of NIAES in Japan, and so on. From these review, we found out needs to develop a new system which can integrate not only RDB species but also common species, species distribution, hierarchal ecosystem classification, habitat condition and land management.

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