This paper is concerned with two themes: (1) characteristics of rural housing development around towns in terms of land use, land-ownership and land-partition and (2) attitudes of local residents to this development.
A rural settlement in Shiojiri administrative city, Nagano prefecture, was selected as the study area based on the analysis of the population movement of Shiojiri city. The conclusions are as follows:
1. There are four stages in residential development. (1) Dwelling development only for local needs. esidential development for newcomers from the cities. At this stage, only villagers sell land. (3) Height of newcomer-oriented residential development. At this stage, not only villagers but those who live outside the settlement sell land and the marketting of land becomes active. The main providers of land are long-term owners, those with more than 10 years of ownership, and selling land after partition is the norm. In some cases, however, land is sold at the time of inheritance. (4) Flattening of the pace of residential development.
2. Residential development moves from one place to another in the periphery of the settlement.
3. The main providers of land are farmers from head families. The lump sum of money they get by selling land is used for consumption. The building of a new house for themself is one example. The main reason for newcomers moving into the settlement is the lower price of housing land.
4. The established residents have much interest in the residential development. On the one hand, they see the advantages because the arrival of newcomers makes the community active, but on the other, they see the disadvantages because it brings about problems in many aspects of rural life. As for the residents' view of the future land use of the settlement, two types of answers are given; one group wishes to maintain the present land-use pattern, and the other to segregate land for living and for agriculture. The residents who have stronger sense of belonging tend to be more conservative about housing development. Those who support land control by law wish for the segregation of land use between living and agriculture.

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The aim of this study is to propose a new method to analyse the spacial structure of agricultural settlements. This method consists of a topographical analysis of settlement location and an elemental analysis of settlement space. Agricultural settlements in Ibaraki Prefecture were chosen for this study. The topographical analysis includes a topographic classification of the settlement location on the basis of the topographic terms which were used in old Japanese. All settlements in the study area were thus classified indicating the settlement location.
The elemental analysis explains the settlement space by six composition elements such as drainage system, land use, road system, common terrain and instalations, open space, and residence. On the basis of these twelve topographic classifications of the settlement location and the six composition elements of the settlement space, the formation principles of each agricultural settlement were hypothesized.

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In Britain, where urbanization has penetrated deep into the countryside and where the agricultural work force has become less than 3% of the total, how to plan and manage rural areas is of deep concern to the whole nation. This article follows the chronological change in rural planning issues and how statutory planning has responded. With this background, current issues in highly urbanized countryside are examined by focusing on three areas: environmental deterioration and land use conflict in the urban fringe, conflict between modern farming and conservation, and the deprivation of remoter rural communities. It has become increasingly clear that the traditional statutory ‘planning’approach cannot cope with them properly, and the author looks into the underlying reasons. This is followed by reference to a new ‘management’ approach and its practical outcome, known as ‘Groundwork’, which introduces an idea of partnership with the charitable and professional Groundwork Trust acting as a new change agent. It is regarded as an unconventional approach initiated in the contemporary conditions and possibilities.

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This paper focuses its attention on the historical development and status quo of the legal framework of village renewal in the F.R. of Germany.
The village renewal in the F.R. of Germany contrasts with that in Japan, in that the former includes the development or renewal of built-up areas and the removal or large-scale improvement of houses.
This village renewal has been conducted as part of rural land consolidation projects since the early 19th century. After World War I especially in Preussen, it was put into common practice due to the development of large-scale and intensive cattle farming which demanded modernization of facilities. After World War II urbanization and growing demand for urban land uses in rural areas made it more popular.
Two legal bases are necessary for implementing the village renewal projects; the first one makes it possible to establish a plan to control land-use and housing, and the other gives the authority power to reoder land and realize the plan. The two bases are delivered by the Bundesbaugesetz (Urban Construction Act) on the urban planning side and the Flurbereinigungsgesetz (Land Consolidation Act) on the rural planning side. In this way the two planning sides share the task and co-operate with each other legally. Actually in many cases the rural land consolidation authority carries out the task, because the combination with rural land consolidation gives many advantages and subsidiary programs are available only on the rural planning side.
It is not self-evident that the rural land consolidation projects can include the built-up area of a village and implement village renewal measures. Historically we can trace back the efforts on the rural planning side to firm its legal base for village renewal.

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This paper concerns a planning unit and land-use planning in rural areas in France. The method of rural development in France has been deeply affected by the change in the urban-rural relation, and by a recent decentralization policy.
Firstly, these conditions are summarised and, secondly, the details of the change, which are mainly composed of the realization of the “Inter-Municipality Charter” and the decision processes in land-use planning, are described.
Lastly, several problems in the development of the case-study area are outlined.

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This paper characterizes American approaches, as compared with Japanese ones, to improving rural infrastructure. The discussion first highlignts some significant differences between Japanese and U.S. agriculture and agricultural areas, providing the reader with general pictures of American rural settlements. It then points out that American rural communities have developed around small towns, whereas in Japan urban areas are generally outgrowths of rural settlements. Combined with grass-root democracy and unique local government systems, these differences render distinctive American approaches to rural infrastructure planning: more program- (or function-) oriented than space-oriented.

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