This paper clarifies the differences between Akerlof’s identity economics and sociology’s concept of identity, and then examines the potential use of this in sociology. Akerlof, a famous theoretical economist, attempted to develop economics by introducing a sociological normative perspective to economics. In doing so, he focused on identity. However, Akerlof’s view differs from the way sociology generally perceives identity. It is a view of identity from the side of society. This paper suggests that the view and the concept of identity utility used in it, although in a different sense from that of Akerlof, are interesting for examining identity issues in today’s increasingly individualized society, and have potential for sociological application.

 We propose a simple method for estimating the number of new COVID-19 cases by date of onset from the number of new COVID-19 cases by date of publication. We use open data including the “date of onset” and “date of publication” of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. This method has about one-third day-of-week effect of that based on the published date. This method is effective as a method of seasonal adjustment for new COVID-19 infections.

 The data for Tokyo only exist for October 1, 2020 and later. So we used open data for Hokkaido, Miyagi, Hyogo, and Okinawa prefectures for earlier estimates. The problems of runout due to the small sample size and the shift in the peak period due to regional differences remain as issues to be addressed.

 In the sixth wave, there is an expansion in the difference in the elapsed time from the date of establishment to the date of publication due to the presence or absence of the onset date. It is not observed in the period from the third to fifth waves. It remains to be examined whether the proposed method requires correction for the sixth wave.

 Mutambudzi et al. （2021） reported that the incidence rate of COVID-19 among health care workers in UK is 7.43 times that of the general population. Ferland et al. （2022） reported that the incidence rate of COVID-19 among health care workers in 9 Europeann countries is 3.0 times that of the non-HCWs. Incidence rates in Tokyo by period and attribute are estimated for doctors and HCWs in Tokyo and the results are discussed. Before the vaccination began, 1.22 times for doctors and 1.11 times for non-doctor HCWs. After the vaccination for HCWs, 0.42 times for doctors and 0.28 times for non-doctor HCWs. After the vaccination for general, 0.70 times for doctors and 0.51 times for non-doctor HCWs.

 Social businesses are business entities which use business methods to address social issues, and are less marketable than for-profit businesses. In previous studies, it has been pointed out that collaborative relationships with diverse stakeholders are important for the success of social business. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine measures for smooth collaboration among diverse stakeholders, using the concept of “knot-working”.

 We examined the factors that allow for a “knot-working” model that lead social businesses to success. From the analysis of case studies, we concluded that, in addition to the traditional factors of shared agendas, incentives, and equal relationships, the assignment of roles to stakeholders is an important requirement for the functioning of a proactive and cooperative “knot-working” network.

 Even before the Covid-19 pandemic, Japan's regional Shopping Centers （SC） have been in a severe business environment due to the effects of an excess of stores and commoditization.

 In recent years, consumer needs and purchasing behavior have become more diversified, leading researchers to point out the limitations of a goods-dominant logic where businesses unilaterally provide products to consumers. In contrast, they have mentioned the importance of service-dominant logic （S-D logic）, value co-creation with consumers （Vargo & Lusch, 2004; 2008）. However, existing research on S-D logic focuses mainly on stores and their products, and is therefore not sufficient to comprehensively analyze SCs with approximately 150 to 200 tenants.

 The purpose of this paper is to expand the perspective of service-dominant logic, clarifying the current state of provision of traditionally tenant-centered value, and provide suggestions as to how SC can contribute to the community, principally through value co-creation with consumers. First, two studies （2019 and 2021） were conducted into the entry and withdrawal of tenants in 24 AEON MALLs that opened between 2011 and 2017, analyzing the current state of provision of traditionally tenant-centered value by business type （product sales, food and restaurants, services）. Secondly, analysis was conducted using SEM （Structural Equation Modeling） based on the results of nationwide Internet research to clarify the value of consumers to SC from the two perspectives of “use-value”, which is the value generated by the use of tenants of SC and “context-value”, the value generated by the entire use of the facilities of SC. Finally, the study considers S-D logic in SC based on the results of two empirical analyses and clarifies the viewpoint of collaborative creation of value by SC developer connects with tenant and consumers for sustainable SC that contribute to the local community. （292words）