Usually, Trichloroethane has been used for the deoiling and cleaning of machine parts. But its production and import have been prohibited since 1995 because of its possibility to destroy the ozone layer. Generally for biological and environmental safety, the de-oiling should be done with the physical method instead of the chemical method. As one of the physical method, a cleaning by a steam flow in a packed bed of machine parts was proposed. Usual machine parts have complicated and non-spherical shapes. As the existing flow models are based on spherical particle beds, an experiment for non-spherical particles was conducted by using a steam. Actual rivets of different sizes were used as the non-spherical particles. Also a prediction method for the flow resistance was proposed and good agreements with the experimental results were obtained.

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Solution process of CO gas in liquid phase methyl formate and methanol was experimentally studied under various pressures and temperatures to evaluate the transport effect of CO gas in the liquids in a two-step methanol synthesis process which starts with carbonylation of methanol to methyl formate, then followed by the hydrogenolysis of the formate. The solubility of carbon monoxide in liquid phase methyl formate and methanol were measured by the decrease in pressure due to absorption at pressures up to 1700 kPa and temperatures form 20 to 140°C. It was obtained that the solubilities were between 3.1×10^-3 and 11.5×10^-3 for CO in methyl formate, and between 4×10^-4 and 10.7×10^-3 for CO in methanol. The Henry's law constant was about 160 MPa at a temperature of 20°C for CO in methyl formate, and about 250 MPa at temperatures under 100°C and pressures under 1000 kPa for CO in methanol. The Henry's law constant decreased with the increase of temperature. Empirical correlations for solubility at various temperatures and pressures were given based on the experimental data.

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In this paper, experimental investigation was conducted with two marine diesel engines, such as high speed four-stroke engine and low speed two-stroke engine, to know the present condition and characteristics of particulate emission. Particulate matter collected on a sampling filter by dilution tunnel system was divided into SOF and ISF by Soxhlet extraction method. The results show that SOF concentration decreases and ISF increases as engine load becomes larger for the four-stroke engine. On the other hand, an increase in engine load promotes both SOF and ISF emission for the two-stroke engine. An analysis of SOF by gas chromatography suggests that cylinder lubrication has a significant effect on SOF concentration in the exhaust gas of the two-stroke engine.

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