To evaluate the diagnostic value of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs), produced by stimulation of the common peroneal nerve of the lumbar intervertebral disc herniation, 43 patients were examined. In addition, recordings of SEPs in patients with spondylolysis and spinal canal stenosis, and in healthy subjects, were also made for the purpose of comparison.
In general, there was strong correlation between the latency of P 30 and N 40 in normal persons. However, there was no correlation between P30 and N40 in patients with interverte-bral disc herniation of L_4-5, indicating an abnormal phenomenon.
A significant delay in latency was observed only in the spinal canal stenosis group.
Therefore this method is valuable as a routine test in order to diagnose L₅ radiculopathy.

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The masticatory muscles are the ones of particular academic interest: they are the principal effectors for the various jaw movements during the act of mastication; also they cause intricate changes in facial blood distribution and in dental occlusion during the act of mastication and various facial expressions. Of the masticatory muscles the temporal muscle is especially rich in morphological variations in terms of race, individual, laterality, sex and age. Many papers have been published on the muscle not only in the discipline of anatomy but in those of oral surgery, otorhinolaryngology and dentistry. Most of them put emphasis on its functional aspect rather than its morphological aspect. Few have reported on the morphology of the temporal muscle, and fewer on the subject in relation to the process of its development and growth.
In this paper the author investigates the growth of the temporal muscle morthometrically in relation to the one of the skull : the former is represented by the elevation of the inferior temporal line which delineates the limit of origin of the muscle ; the latter by both Martin-Saller's and the author's parameters of measurements of the skull. The materials examined were 21 juvenile and 52 adult Indian skulls, which are divided by Hamada's method of classifying according to dental eruption into four classes : 12 skulls in the late deciduous dentition stage (three to five years of age), five in the early mixed dentition (six to seven years of age), four in the middle mixed dentition (eight to nine years of age) and 52 in the permanent dentition (15 to 35 years of age).
The following results were obtained:
1) The Indian skulls show gradual growth from the late deciduous to the early mixed dentition stage, more gradual growth from the early to the middle mixed dentition stage and rapid growth from the middle mixed to the permanent dentition stage.
2) The temporal muscle in terms of the inferior temporal line also follows the same growth pattern.
3) The inferior temporal line is relatively higher in adult than in juvenile skulls. This indicates that the temporal muscle enlarges up the side of the skull in response to the increased demands of mastication consequent upon the eruption of teeth. The origin of the muscle wanders forwards and upwards in the late deciduous to the early mixed dentition stage, but largely back wards and upwards in the middle mixed to the permanent dentition stage.

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A new apparatus was developed to measure the consistency of the portio vaginalis of the uterus in terms of compliance. Periodically changing pressures were applied to the portio anc the volume changes thus induced were measured electrically. Compliance was calculated frorr the measurements. Compliance in 38 non-pregnant, 82 pregnant and 7 puerperal women were measured with this apparatus. The following results were obtained:
1) Compliance in non-pregnant women was 5.7±1.5 (×10^-12 m⁵/N). The menstrual cycle had no influences upon compliance. Compliance in women in their thirties was lower than those in their twenties.
2) Compliance in pregnant women gradually increased as the gestational week advanced. The increase accelerated considerably toward the onset of labor, beginning 15 days before the onset. Compliance in 5-15 weeks was 7.5±2.4, 9.9±3.2 in 16-27 weeks and 12.5±6.7 in 28-41 weeks. In the pregnant women the levels of serum estradiol, estriol and progesterone correlated with compliance.
3) Compliance 25-34 days after delivery was similar to that in the early period of preg-nancy.
4) The above findings are fully compatible with clinical observations. It is therefore sug-gested that the new apparatus is of use when applied clinically.

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Either laparoscopy or laparoscopy with a biopsy of the pancreas under direct observation were performed on 124 patients suffering from various pancreatic diseases during the period of 1976 through 1981.
The pancreas was observed by supragastric pancreoscopy or by a new method designated as "supragastric bursoscopy". Supragastric bursoscopy entails the following steps.
The head end of the operating table is raised in order to inspect the lesser omentum. Next, a forceps is inserted into the peritoneal cavity and a lesser omentotomy is performed. The surface of the body of the pancreas can be observed directly from this opening in the lesser omentum. When the laparoscope is moved further into the peritoneal sac via this incision, it is possible to observe the surface of the pancreatic body over a fairly wide range.
When there was no manifested clotting disorder, a pancreatic biopsy was performed percutaneously with a fine needle, such as the Menghini needle, the Trucut needle, or the Robber's forceps. Results.
1) Among 28 cases of acute pancreatitis, the pancreas could be observed at laparoscopy in 21 (75%).
2) Among 25 cases of chronic pancreatitis, the pancreas could be successfully observed in 17 (68%). There were diverse laparoscopic findings from almost normal to sclerotic and neoplastic.
3) Among 71 cases of pancreatic carcinoma, the laparoscopic diagnosis was accurate in 32% of the cases of head carcinoma and in 85% of the cases of body and tail carcinoma, respectively.
4) In 50 cases of pancreatic carcinoma, a laparoscopic cytodiagnosis was performed using a fine needle and the overall positive rate was 70%.
5) A laparoscopic tissue biopsy was performed in 44 cases of pancreatic carcinoma and the positive diagnostic rate was 70.5%.
6) When the results of cytodiagnosis and tissue diagnosis were combined, the diagnosis was positive in 20 of 27 cases of head carcinoma (74.1%) and in 28 of 32 cases of body and tail carcinoma (87.5%).
7) No fatal complications occurred in the 215 pancreatic biopsies. However, non-fatal complications were seen in seven cases (3.3%) and all were successfully treated by conservative treatments.
It is concluded that this may offer a very versatile diagnostic method in various pancreatic diseases.

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The purpose of this comparative study was to examine to what extent maternal serum values of the three enzymes, cystine aminopeptidase (CAP), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), heat-stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP) reflected the enzymatic activity in the placental tissue. The maternal serum values of CAP, LAP, and HSAP were measured immediately before delivery and the activity of these three enzymes in the placental tissue was also measured in 85 normal pregnancies and in 25 cases of gestosis. Also the serum values of these three enzymes were measured in 232 pregnant women in order to see how useful they were for clinical diagnosis. The following results were obtained :
1) The serum concentration of CAP showed higher values in the gestosis group than in the normal pregnancy group, but no significant difference was observed. The placental enzymatic activities (mu/mgp), (mu/wwg) and (U) showed higher values in the normal pregnancy group than in the gestosis group, but no significant difference was observed.
2) The serum concentration of LAP was higher in the gestosis group than in the normal pregnancy group, but no significant difference was observed. The placental enzymatic activity (mu/mgp) was higher in the normal pregnancy group than in the gestosis group (p<0.05). The placental enzymatic activities (mu/wwg) and (U) were higher in the normal pregnancy group than in the gestosis group, but no significant difference was observed.
3) The serum concentration of HSAP was higher in the normal pregnancy group than in the gestosis group, but no significant difference was observed. The placental enzymatic activities (mu/mgp), (mu/wwg) and (U) were lower in the normal pregnancy group than in the gestosis group, but no significant difference was observed.
4) When we determined the correlation between the serum concentration of the three enzymes and the overall placental enzyme amount, it was found that for CAP (r=0.42, p<0.01), for LAP (r=0.27, p<0.05), and for HSAP (r=0.37, p<0.01). Thus all the correlation coefficients were quite low.
5) When we determined the serum concentration and the overall placental amounts of the three enzymes, CAP, LAP and HSAP in the gestosis group, no correlation was obseved.
6) In 232 pregnant women we analyzed the single measurement value and the repeated continual measurement pattern of the three enzymes in the serum and found that for all three enzymes we obtained better results from the analysis of the repeated continual measurement pattern of values than in the single measurement determination. Thus the latter was considered to be superior for purpose of diagnosis.

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Cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism were studied in three normal aged subjects and twelve patients with multi-infarct dementia (MID) by positron emission tomography (PET) using 0-15. Cerebral glucose metabolism was studied in three normal aged subjects and eight patients with MID by PET using C-11-glucose.
The diagnosis of MID was done according to the Loeb's modified ischemic score and X-ray CT findings. The X-ray CT findings of MID patients were the localized low density areas in the suboortical white matter, basal ganglia and thalamus. No occulusion but arteriosclerosis was observed in anterior and/or middle cerebral arteries on a cerebral angiography.
Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), oxygen extraction fraction (rOEF) and the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (rCMRO₂) were measured by the steady state technique, and regional distribution of glycogenic metabolites (RDGM) were measured by the quantitation method described by M.lio et al.
The values of rCBF in MID were significantly low compared with those of the normal aged subjects in frontal, temporal, occipital and parietal cortices and in thalamus. The values of rCMRO₂ in MID were significantly low in frontal, temporal and occipital cortices and in thalamus compared with those of the normal aged subjects. The glucose metabolism expressed as RDGM decreased equally with oxygen metabolism.
The OEF was 0.46 in normal aged subjects, and 0.48 in MID. The MID patients in the early stage of dementia showed increased OEF, and this fact suggests that ischemia due to cerebral arteriosclerosis and lacunes is a significant pathogenic mechanism in the production and progression of MID.
The decrease of rCBF and rCMRO₂ in MID compared with that of the normal subjects was most remarkable in the frontal cortex. The values of rCBF and rCMRO₂ in moderate dementias were significantly low compared with those of mild dementias in the frontal cortex. The impairment of mental functions in MID must have been caused by decreased neuronal activities in the frontal association cortex.

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Projection cells of the superior colliculus to the lateral, intermediate or medial subnucleus of the facial nucleus were examined in the Wistar rat by the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method.
As to the size and form of the labeled cells, the following points were commonly observed in all of the experiments : Middle sized cells were far more numerous than large-sized ones, and only a few were small-sized. Almost all of the labeled cells were multipolar. Vertical cells were slightly more numerous than horizontal cells.
As to the distribution pattern of the labeled cells, the following facts were obtained : After HRP injection into the lateral subnucleus, the great majority of labeled cells were found in the rostrolateral part of the stratum griseum intermedium of the contralateral superior colliculus. After HRP injection into the intermediate or medial subnucleus, the labeled cells decreased in number to 20% of the number after HRP injection into the lateral subnucleus. When the intermediate subnucleus received HRP, the great majority of labeled cells were seen in the rostrolateral part of the stratum griseum intermedium of the contralateral superior colliculus. When HRP was injected into the medial subnucleus, the labeled cells were observed sporadically within the central third of the caudal part of the superior colliculus in both sides, and the ipsilateral superior colliculus had slightly more labeled cells than the contralateral one. The labeled cells were localized in the stratum griseum profundum rather than in the stratum griseum intermedium in this case.
In this report, the function of the projection cells of the superior colliculus to the facial nucleus was also discussed.

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Effect of various immunomodulators in combination with chemotherapeutic agents were studied using EN-L2C cell line, an acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) of inbred strain-2 guinea pig.
Results obtained were followings.
1) Typical leukemic cells appeared in peripheral blood 12 days after the inoculation of 10⁵ cells and the hosts died within 5 days. When EN-L2C cells were inoculated together with BCG or N-CWS (Nocardia rubra cell wall skeletones), the host survived significantly longer than controls.
2) Single injection of cyclophosphamide (CY ; 35 mg/kg, BW) 14 days after animals receiving inoculation of EN-L2C cells induced complete remission. However, it lasted 2 weeks. A repeated administration of BCG, N-CWS or irradiated EN-L2C cells plus BCG during the remission period did not prolong the period of remission.
3) Immunization of animals during the remission period with Mitomycin C-treated ENL2C cells either conjugated or mixed with PPD did not delay the relapse.
4) During hematological relapse, meningeal involvement was proven histologically. The animals received irradiation over cerebrospinal area with ⁶⁰Co on the following day after they were given CY survived several days longer than the non-irradiated controls. An additional injection of N-CWS to the irradiation plus CY regimen did only slightly but significantly prolong the survival days. Passive transfer of specifically immunized lymphocytes to the animals after they received CY did only slightly but significantly prolong the survival days with or without the addition of craniospinal irradiation.

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