In the treatment of human cancer, the efficacy of the adoptive transfer of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cellsc ombinedw ith interleukin2 (IL2) h as beene mphasizedH. owever, administratioonf l arged oseso f IL2m ayc auses ignificanta dversee ffects, s uch as“capillaryl eaks yndrome”. Moreovert, h e administrationo f corticosteroidm ayr educet he toxicityo fI L2. H owevetrh e efficacyo fa doptivei mmunotherapiys abrogatedb y the administrationo f corticosteroidI. n this context, the effect of corticosteroido n LAICa ctivity and the changeo f membranea ntigenp henotypeo n PBMC (peripherabl loodm ononucleacr ells) w as studiedi n vitro by using methylprednisolon (eM -PSL).
LAK cells were induced from PBMC, which had been separated from the peripheral blood of normal donors, and incubated with IL2 for 4 days. LAICa ctivity was measuredi n a 4 h chromiumr elease assay against K-562 cell and Daudi cell.
The suppression of LAK activityb y M-PSLd ependedo n bothc oncentrationa ndw orkingp eriodo f M-PSL. This inhibitionw as recognizede ven at rather lowd ensities, s uch as 0.5n mol/ml M -PSLA. ndt he proliferation of PBMC after IL2 incubation, which was measuredb y incorporationo f [³H] TdwRa, s reduced dosedependentlyb y M-PSLI. n contrast, pretreatmentw ithin2 4 hourso f PBMCw ith M-PSLr esultedi n no effect on LAICa ctivity. F urthermoreM -PSLh ad no effectw hen addedd irectlyt o a 4 h chromiumr eleasea ssay.
The analysiso f membranea ntigenp henotypeo n PBMCw as performedb y the directi mmunofluorescence method using FITC-labeledm onoclonaal ntibodies. T he proportionso f T cells and NK cells, which were justifieda s precursorso f LAICce lls, increaseda fter IL2 incubationb oth with and withoutM -PSLT. herefore no effecto f M-PSLw as confirmedi n those circumstancesT. he ratioo f HLA-DR (+) cellsi ncreaseda fter IL2 incubation without M-PSL, while M-PSL reduced expression of this antigen. In contrast, IL2 receptor (CD25) (+c) e l) s, m arkerso f T cella nd NK cella ctivation, s ignificantlyin creaseda fter IL2i ncubationw ith or without M-PSL.
These results suggestt hat the inhibitorye ffecto f M-PSLo n LAKa ctivationw as causedn ot by preventing a triggeringp rocesso f activationo fp recursorc ells, b ut by a possiblei nhibitiono fp roliferationt, h ougho ther effectso f corticosteroidre main to bee lucidatedA. lso, i t is emphasizedth at cautions houldb e exercisedi n the administration of corticosteroid in adoptive immunotherapy because of the inhibitory effect induced by M-PSL.

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This study was designed to estimate cerebral dysfunction in senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT). Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), oxygen extraction fraction (rOEF) and cerebral oxygen consumption (rCMR0₂) were studied in 16 patients with SDAT and 5 age-matched normal elderly people by positron emission tomography (PET), using the ¹⁵O labeled CO₂ and 0₂ inhalation technique.
This technique was also applied to the evaluation of PET in diagnosing the dementing illnesses.
In this study, a total of 19 pairs of bilateral cerebral regions were analyzed and the reductions of rCBF and rCMR0₂ in each region were compared with those of the primary sensorimotor cortex to demonstrate any significant localized difference between each clinical stage of the SDAT and normal controls. In the mild SDAT group, CMR0₂ of the temporal cortex was significantly reduced, as compared with that of controls. In the moderate SDAT group, CBF of the temporal cortex and CMR0₂ of the temporal and parietal cortices were significantly reduced. In the severe SDAT group, CBF and CMR0₂ of the frontal cortex were also reduced and those of the occipital cortex were relatively unchanged. This suggested that mildly demented patients showed a metabolic reduction in the temporal cortex and as the dementia progressed, metabolic reductions were extended to the parietal and frontal cortices. Reductions in blood flow were followed by further metabolic reductions. More detailed investigation of the PET images of SDAT revealed that relative oxygen hypometabolism of the posterior temporal and posterior parietal association cortices occurred in the mildly demented patients earlier than that of the other association cortices. These findings are consistent with neuropathological studies of SDAT.
The right/left ratio of rCMR0₂ was also analyzed in each region. The right/left oxygen metabolic asymmetry in the temporal and parietal cortices was correlated with the difference between speech and visuospatial functions. Namely, the patients with a lower metabolism in the left hemisphere had more disturbances in speech than visuospatial functions.
In addition, the PET images of SDAT were compared with those of multi-infarct dementia (MID) and Pick disease. In patients with MID, there were reductions of CBF and CMR0₂ unhomogeneously all over association cortices, but the reductions were most remarkable in the frontal cortex. Patients with Pick disease showed diffuse lobar reductions of CBF and CMR0₂ in the frontal and temporal cortices. These findings of MID and Pick disease were clearly different from those of SDAT, so PET will provide a sensitive means to differentiate among the dementing illnesses.
These results suggest that PET using the ¹⁵0 steady state technique is sensitive in detecting abnormalities of rCBF and rCMRO₂ of SDAT and useful for estimating cerebral dysfunction in SDAT.

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SSM (specific substance of Maruyama) is used widely in cancer therapy. Rats and mice have generally been used in basic research. In this study the author used guinea pigs because their skin properties are easier to monitor than those of rats and mice. The following experiments were performed on guinea pigs:
1) Potency as sensitizer and elicitor of delayed hypersensitivity.
2) Antitumor effects on methylcholanthrene induced syngenic guinea pig tumors (U-I).
Intradermal skin tests with 20 μg of SSM per 0.1 ml were done on guinea pigs 4 weeks after sensitization (SSM 1 mg-FIA (Freund's incomplete adjuvant)). SSM induced a delayed skin reactivity and the reaction increased in erythema and in duration after 24 h. In addition, SSM was active in direct inhibition of macrophage migration. The results show that SSM is related to cellular immunity reactions. In this study, antitumor effects of SSM were indicated in that the tumor growth was more greatly suppressed in animals injected intravenously and subcutaneously than in control animals. Histologic study of the tumors showed that collagen fibers enclosed the cancer cells and prevented cancer proliferation.

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Cognitive function and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were studied in 26 patients (mean age 77.9) who showed bilaterally an ill-defined diffuse periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) spin-echo sequence. Diffuse PVH was classified into two groups according to severity, group A (more severe) and group B (less severe); their cognitive impairment was classified into three stages, stage 1 (mildly impaired) through stage 3 (severely impaired). rCBF was assessed by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The result showed that 6 of 7 MRI-group A patients were stage 3, but the stages of 19 group B patients varied. Five of 7 MRI-group A patients showed severe hypoperfusion, but rCBF of group B patients also varied. Nineteen patients had a hypertensive history, but only 10 patients complained of cerebrovascular incidents before admission. All 3 younger patients (one in his fifties and two in their sixties), however, showed hypertension, stepwise neurological deterioration as in Binswanger's disease. These results suggest that there might be various pathogenesis of diffuse bilateral PVH in the elderly and they are different from that of the classical “Binswanger's disease”.

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To examine the viability of skin grafts at different temperatures, skin pieces stored at 4°C-6°C, 20°C-25°C and 37°C respectively were observed at certain intervals by light and electron microscopy. The skin pieces stored at 4°C-6°C were observed for 8 weeks. After 2 weeks, swelling of cells and aggregated chromatin of nuclei were observed mainly in the basal cell layer and the suprabasal layer of the epidermis, and after that time irreversible degeneration was observed. This result corresponded with the results obteined in clinical observations. The skin pieces stored at 20°-25°C and 37°C were observed for 2 weeks. After 2 days, the skin had already degenerated at a rate corresponding with the rate observed in storage at 4°C-6°C for 3-4 weeks receptivity. Therefore, it was thought that skin stored under this condition would be poor material for skin grafts. However, storage for longer periods might be possible if better nutrient media were chosen.

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For the evaluation of differential diagnosis and estimation of the functional prognosis for vascular dementia (VD), the usefulness of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting cerebro-vascular lesions was compared. Then the correlations between the degrees of mental function (Hasegawa's dementia rating scale: HDRS, activity of daily living: ADL, troublesome behaviors: TB) and the CT findings of vascular dementia were examined retrospectively.
A hundred and seventeen dementia patients (male: 79 cases, female: 38 cases; mean-age 69.5 10.9 years old), diagnosed using DSM-III criteria, were scored according to Hachinski's ischemic score (I.S.) by clinical course and symptoms. Both MM and CT were carried out on 56 dementia cases (male: 21 cases, female: 35 cases; mean-age 78.0 7.4 years old) at the chronic stage of the cerebro-vascular accidents to compare the detectiveness of vascular lesions.
In 90 vascular dementia patients on whom only CT was carried out, the imagings were classified according to number, size, and localization. The correlation between these parameters and the degree of dementia were examined retrospectively.
MRI was more useful and sensitive than CT for differentiating VD from DAT (dementia of Alzheimer type), since MRI was superior to CT in detecting small infarcts or lacunaes on the perforating area or white matter.
Cases with positive findings on CT or MRI but clinically diagnosed as DAT by I.S. showed poorer ADL. Cases with negative findings on CT and MM but clinically diagnosed as MIX (mixed type of dementia) or VD by I.S. had more troublesome behaviors. However in MM positive cases, there was no correlation between the detectiveness of CT or MRI and age or degree of dementia.
CT was evaluated as the more specific imaging method for judging the mental functions. The size of CT lesions were revealed to be more significant in appreciating the degree of dementia in the chronic stage of cerebrovascular disease than the number, localization.
The present study showed that MRI should initially be used to detect small vascular lesions in differentiating VD from DAT, then CT to observe the size when anticipating the prognosis for vascular dementia.

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