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Yei-Shung WANG, Yen-Der CHENG, Yar-Ning HSIEH, Yuh-Lin CHEN
1995 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages
257-264
Published: August 20, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2010
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About one half of lipid synthesis was inhibited in
Chlorella (46%), tobacco leaf cell (58%), and rice embryo cell (45%) when the isolated cell was incubated at 70μM of Butachlor for 4hr. A thirty percent difference of unincorporated acetate pool size between 70μM of butachlor treated (71%) and untreated (41%) tobacco leaf cells was found in lipid synthesis, but no significant difference was observed in that of
Chlorella and rice embryo cells. Within 30min incubation at 70μM of butachlor, protein synthesis was inhibited by 79, 59, and 38% for
Chlorella, tobacco leaf cells, and rice embryo cells, respectively, and the inhibition was increased by 92, 95 and 85%, respectively, at 8hr. In contrast to untreated cells, there were 69, 62, and 39% larger pools of absorbed
14C-leucine after treatment of the three cell types with 70μM of butachlor. However, total leucine uptake showed in treated cells was only 52, 37, and 51%, respectively, of that in control. Butachlor inhibited RNA synthesis at 70μM, but at lower concentrations, even stimulation was found.
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Chemical Ecology of Astigmatid Mites (Part XLIII)
Lidia Yuka HONMA, Yasumasa KUWAHARA, Masashi SATO, Sigeru MATSUYAMA, T ...
1995 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages
265-271
Published: August 20, 1995
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Six structurally hybridized compounds between the mite alarm pheromone neryl formate [(
Z)-3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6-octadienyl f ormate] and the aggregation pheromone lardolure [1
R, 3
R, 5
R, 7
R-1, 3, 5, 7-tetramethyldecyl formate] were prepared by inserting a methyl residue to 3, 7-dimethyloctyl formate skeleton. Compounds possessing allylic
Z-double bond in the molecule demonstrated strong repellent activity against the dried fruit mite
Carpoglyphus lactis, whereas ones possessing no allylic double bonds behaved as the aggregation kairomone against the same species. Compounds with allylic
E-double bond indicated no peculiar activity. As the simplified compound, six 1-methylalkyl formates were prepared. All compounds at 10, 000ppm doses reproduced a state of conflict; motivation for escape at the center and for aggregation at the periphery, while the same compounds at 1000, 100 and 10ppm doses manifested aggregation kairomone activity exclusively.
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Shigehiko TAIRA, Hirofumi KIKIZU, Shinkichi TAWATA, Naotada KOBAMOTO, ...
1995 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages
273-278
Published: August 20, 1995
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Synthesis and fungicidal activity of new six-membered cyclic phosphates were examined. Isothymol, thymol and eugenol in the essential oil of
Alpinia speciosa K. SCHUM. possess strong antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi. 5-Alkyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehydes were prepared by Reimer-Tiemann reaction and reduced with NaBH
4 to make 5-alkyl-2-hydroxybenzyl alcohols. 6-Alkyl-2-chloro-4
H-1, 3, 2-benzodioxaphosphorin 2-sulfides were prepared by reacting these benzyl alcohols and PSCl
3. Twenty-one kinds of six-membered cyclic phosphate were synthesized by reacting the 2-chloro derivatives and the components of essential oil. Among the prepared compounds, 6-ethyl-2-phenoxy-4
H-1, 3, 2-benzodioxaphosphorin 2-oxide (13) showed the strongest activity, 38.5% at 10ppm against
Pythium sp. For
Corticium rolfsii, 6-isopropyl-2-methoxy-4
H-1, 3, 2-benzodioxaphosphorin 2-sulfide (17) showed the strongest activity, 62.0% at 10ppm.
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Preventive Activity against Botrytis cinerea
Toshio AKAGI, Shigeru MITANI, Terumasa KOMYOJI, Kuniaki NAGATANI
1995 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages
279-290
Published: August 20, 1995
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Fluazinam, an
N-phenylpyridinamine compound, is a fungicide, now on sale or under development all over the world by Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd. Fluazinam was selected after lead optimization of
N-phenylpyridinamine skeleton which was obtained by lead development from acaricidal compound. In this study, the preventive activity against
Botrytis cineyea of
N-phenylpyridinamines was analyzed by the technique of QSAR (ALS method) to elucidate the role of substituents on both of the pyridine and benzene rings, and also to obtain suggestion about the mode of action of this series of compounds. Structure-activity relationships on the substituents of the pyridine ring were explained by the combination of electronic, steric and hydrophobic parameters, while those on the substituents of the benzene ring were rather complicated. Instead, the molecular orbital calculations (AM1) suggested that the reactivity of the chlorine atom at the meta position of the benzene ring seemed to be correlated with the activity very well. Some molecular properties of several fungicidal compounds with clear mode of actions were calculated. As a result, the LUMO levels of fluazinam was very similar to the characteristically low LUMO levels of sulfhydryl-enzyme inhibitors and uncouplers. The results of this study revealed that the substitution pattern of fluazinam was the most desirable. The suggestion that some reaction of fluazinam with SH- or other groups might be involved in the mode of action of this compound was obtained.
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Koji TAKEHARA, Naotaka YAMADA, Hidetoshi HAKIRA, Eiichi KUWANO, Eiji T ...
1995 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages
291-297
Published: August 20, 1995
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A number of 3-alkylthio-4-aryl-4
H-1, 2, 4-triazoles were synthesized and evaluated for their bleaching activity by using a lettuce seedling test. In a series of 4-phenyl-4
H-1, 2, 4-triazoles, 3-propylthio and 3-propargylthio analogs caused complete bleaching symptoms at 50ppm, while the activity fell off with increasing or decreasing size of the alkylthio group at the 3-position of the triazole ring. The introduction of a chloro, trifluoromethyl, methyl or ethoxy substituent at the meta- or para-position on the benzene ring increased the activity in comparison with that of the phenyl analog. 4-(3-Chlorophenyl and 4-chlorophenyl)-3-propargylthio-4
H-1, 2, 4-triazole (
16 and
17) markedly reduced β-carotene content as well as chlorophyll in plants. Inhibition of β-carotene formation was accompanied by an accumulation of large amounts of phytoene, suggesting that these 1, 2, 4-triazoles inhibit the desaturation of phytoene.
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Shin-ichi TEBAYASHI, Shigeru MATSUYAMA, Takahisa SUZUKI, Yasumasa KUWA ...
1995 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages
299-305
Published: August 20, 1995
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Quercimeritrin (quercetin-7-
O-β-D-glucoside;
1) was identified as the third oviposition stimulant of the azuki bean weevil found from the extract of the azuki beans, on the basis of MS,
1H NMR,
13C NMR, 2D-NMR (DQF-COSY, C-H COSY, NOESY and TOCSY spectra) and GLC. Comparing to the known stimulants, D-catechin (
2) and taxifolin (
3), the following relative activity is shown;
2>
1>
3. Mixtures of any two components among the three kairomones were more active than used alone. The mixture of the three kairomones of the natural ratio was most active (0.001μg). Each kairomone showed a synergistic effect. The content of each kairomone was estimated to be 19 (
1), 63 (
2) and 71μg (
3) per gram bean, respectively. Combination of these flavonoid kairomones markedly increased oviposition stimulant activity.
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Studies on Hexythiazox Resistance in Phytophagous Mites (Part 1)
Atsushi YAMAMOTO, Hiromi YONEDA, Renpei HATANO, Mitsuo ASADA
1995 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages
307-315
Published: August 20, 1995
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As a part of hexythiazox resistance risk assessments in the citrus red mite,
Panonychus citri (MCGREGOR), a field selection experiment was performed in a citrus orchard consisting of 24 trees at Haibara Agricultural Research Station (Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.) in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. A high level of hexythiazox resistance developed slowly by 18 successive selections (25ppm) during 6 years, and LC
50 reached over 8000ppm. During the first 4 years, 2-3 times of application a year were sufficient for successful control of the mites, whereas as many as 4 times of treatment a year were needed for the last 2 years of the experiment. Differences were observed not only in population density but also susceptibility to hexythiazox among the mite populations on different trees in the citrus orchard used for the test. In this study, hexythiazox resistance seemed to develop patchily in a specific population of citrus red mite on a tree within the orchard.
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Yoshihisa OZOE, Ken-ichi MATSUMOTO, Kazuo MOCHIDA, Toshiie NAKAMURA, F ...
1995 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages
317-319
Published: August 20, 1995
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Hideo MORINAKA, Mitsuyuki MURAKAMI, Hiromi TAKESADA, Hiroaki TENMA, Ke ...
1995 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages
321-324
Published: August 20, 1995
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Motomi SONODA, Eiichi KUWANO, Eiji TANIGUCHI
1995 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages
325-327
Published: August 20, 1995
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Mode of Action of Oxolinic Acid against Bacterial Grain Rot of Rice (Part 3)
Yasufumi HIKICHI
1995 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages
329-331
Published: August 20, 1995
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Keiichi NAGATA
1995 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages
333-334
Published: August 20, 1995
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Ryo SATO
1995 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages
335-337
Published: August 20, 1995
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Kenji MONDE, Mitsuo TAKASUGI
1995 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages
339-343
Published: August 20, 1995
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Keiichi NAGATA
1995 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages
345-359
Published: August 20, 1995
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Ryo SATO
1995 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages
361-370
Published: August 20, 1995
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[in Japanese]
1995 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages
373-379
Published: August 20, 1995
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[in Japanese]
1995 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages
381-386
Published: August 20, 1995
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[in Japanese]
1995 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages
387-389
Published: August 20, 1995
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[in Japanese]
1995 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages
393
Published: August 20, 1995
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1995 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages
394
Published: August 20, 1995
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[in Japanese]
1995 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages
398-399
Published: August 20, 1995
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1995 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages
400-403
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1995 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages
404-406
Published: August 20, 1995
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1995 Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages
407-414
Published: August 20, 1995
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